Matenda osakaniza ndi onunkhira Pinocchio: malangizo akukula pawindo, komanso kusamalira

Pakati pa mitundu ya tomato wamkulu monga m'nyumba ndi khonde zokongoletsa zomera, tomato wa "Pinocchio" zosiyanasiyana amakhala malo abwino, limodzi ndi "amamera" ena ali ndi zipatso zochepa, koma chitsamba kukula osati kuposa 25-30 cm.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti tomato izi zimapindulitsa kwambiri komanso zimakhala zowonongeka, ndikumera bwino komanso kusamalidwa bwino, kupatsa mapiritsi a zipatso zokoma.

Kukoma kwake kwabwino ndi kutentha kwakukulu kunayambitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana mu horticulture ndi kuphika.

Kufotokozera ndi makhalidwe a zosiyanasiyana

Tomato "Pinocchio" - ndi chomera chaka chilichonse kuchokera ku banja la nightshade, Pakati pa nyengo nyengo zosiyanasiyana zimamera nyumba kumapanga ndi zenera zimakhala ndi masiku 85 mpaka 95. Kutalika kwake kwa tsinde ndi 20-35 masentimita, chomeracho sichimafuna pinching. Kukonzekera ndi kokwera, kufika pa kilo imodzi ndi theka kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi, pa zipatso imodzi mpaka 10.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano komanso kumangiriza. Kutetezeka kwa tizirombo.

• Zipatso: zokhoma, zonyezimira, zosalala, kukula kwa mtedza, kulemera kwa 25-30 magalamu.
• Mnofu ndi wowometsera, kukoma kwake ndi kokoma komanso kowawa. Phesi lakati ndi lolimba, lolimba, lamphamvu, limagwira chitsamba chonse.
• Masambawo ndi obiriwira, omwe ali ndi mbali zozungulira, zakuda.
• Maluwawo ndi ang'onoang'ono, mpaka mamita 1 sentimita, kuwala kofiira. Fungo labwino likufotokozedwa m'madera onse a chomera.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Chikhalidwe ichi chinabweretsedwa ku Ulaya kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 18 ndipo chinali chokula msinkhu monga chomera chophimba chophimba. M'tsogolomu, akatswiri obereketsa ku South America adapeza majeremusi omwe amawathandiza kuti azisangalala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chikhalidwe chosakanizidwa chotenga chikhalidwe chinapeza kukhazikika kwakukulu kumalo akunja, mawonekedwe okongola ndi makhalidwe abwino a kukoma.

Ntchito yokonzekera

Malo, kuunika, kutentha, chinyezi

Kukula kwabwino kumwera chakumwera chakumadzulo, kumbali yakumwera chakum'maŵa, mbali ya kumpoto sikovomerezeka kuti ikule.

Chomeracho n'chofunika, kuwala kwa masana kumafunika maola asanu ndi atatu pa tsiku. Kutentha kwa mpweya kwa mbewu yofesa ndi madigiri 20-35, ndi kutuluka kwa mphukira - madigiri 15-18, kuti kukula kukuwonjezeke - 18-22 madigiri. Optimum mpweya chinyezi ndi 40-60%Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupite kupyola mndandanda uwu.

Kusankhidwa kwa mphamvu

1. Miphika ya maluwa: kutalika kwake osati masentimita 15-20, voliyumu yosapitirira 6-7 malita, koma osachepera 3 malita (zofunikira pa nthawi yake ndi chitukuko choyenera cha mizu). Zida - pulasitiki, keramiki, dongo, nkhuni. Fomu - kuzungulira, zamakona.
2. Mabokosi: kukula sikuyenera kupitirira 25 ndi masentimita 40 ndi bokosi kutalika kwa masentimita 20 osaposa. Zofunika - matabwa, pulasitiki, polyethylene. Maonekedwewo ndi amtundu umodzi kapena amphindi.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito mabotolo apulasitiki ndi kudula gawo kumaloledwa, chifukwa kuwonetsetsa kwawo kumapangitsa kuti nthaka isamadziwe bwino komanso kuthirira.

Chidebe chirichonse chiyenera kukhala ndi phala.

Kodi mungamere bwanji phwetekere mbande kunyumba?

Kusankha Mbewu

Kwa kubzala amasankha mbewu yosapitirira zaka ziwiri.

1. Amatsitsimula mu chidebe ndi madzi kuti mlingo wa madzi ukhale masentimita 1-2 pamwamba pa mbeu.
2. Pambuyo theka la ora, mbewu zomwe zilibe kanthu zimachotsedwa.
3. Pambuyo pake, nyembazo zimatengedwa ndi zofooka potassium permanganate kwa mphindi 15-20 kapena ndi okonzeka fungicide.
4. Chotsani mbewu ndi kuwonongeka kwina ndi ming'alu.

Tsiku lomwe tisanafesedwe, mbewu zimayikidwa mmadzi asanu ndi awiri (6-6).

Kukonzekera bwino kwa nthaka

Dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira ndi lachonde, lopangidwa ndi mchere, ndi malo osalowerera kapena ochepa. Nthaka yochokera pamabedi okalamba kuposa zaka 2 siigwiritsidwe ntchito.

Ndibwino kugula nthaka yokonzeka tomato, komanso Mukhoza kukonzekera nthaka nokha:

1. Tengani gawo limodzi la munda wamtunda kuchokera ku malo omwe tomato sanakule (1 chidebe);
2. zouma;
3. onjezerani chidebe 1 cha humus, chidebe 1 cha peat ndi 200 magalamu a phulusa;
4. Phosphoric feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa osakaniza osakaniza.

Kufesa

Nthawi yofesa: kumapeto kwa March kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April. Pakuti mbewu yokolola yozizira imabzalidwa mu September. Mbewu imabzalidwa imodzi kapena m'madontho a mbeu 2-3 mu kapu imodzi ya mbande kuti sali oposa 1.5-2 masentimita. Pambuyo kufesa, nthaka imathiriridwa ndi pulasitiki kapena kukulunga kwa chakudya. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kumera ndi madigiri oposa 25.

Kusamalira mmera

Kuwombera kumera pakatha masiku 4-5 kuchokera kufesakenako filimuyo iyenera kuchotsedwa ndipo mbande zimasamutsidwa m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 15-18, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino.

Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kukula kwazomera ndi 18-22 madigiri. Pambuyo pa mphukira muli masamba awiri enieni, amasamba, masamba osayera amachotsedwa. Kuthirira mbande kumachitika 1 masiku 3-4 masiku, malingana ndi dothi la dothi. Kupanga kutumphuka pansi sikuloledwa.

Kuwaza

Mbewu zimabzalidwa pamalo osasunthika kale osati pofika pa 12-13 masentimita mu msinkhu (masiku 20-32 pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mbande). Pakuti chodzala sankhani kwambiri mbande popanda masamba achikasu.

Kukonzekera kwa kuika:

1. Mbande zimachotsedwa mosamala kuchokera ku makapu, chisanadze wothira nthaka, kuti zisamawononge mizu.
2. Pambuyo pochotsa mbande, mizu imayang'aniridwa: muzu wa ndodo uyenera kukhala umodzi, wamphamvu ndi wotalika, ndi nthambi zingapo zochepa zikuchoka kutali.

Pambuyo pake kukonzekera pansi. Dothi la Loamy ndi mchenga sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso silingalimbikitsidwe kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yakale imene tomato anali atakula kale. Nthaka ikhoza kukonzedwa ndi teknoloji yomweyi monga kubzala mbewu. Ngati nthaka imatengedwa kuchokera ku mabedi, ndiye kuti fetereza yamchere imagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono.

Malangizo othandizira pang'onopang'ono

Kuthirira ndi fetereza

Kuthirira kumachitika nthawi zonse monga dothi lakuuma. Kukonzekera kapena kutumphuka koyenera sikuyenera kuloledwa. Ngati mphamvu ya mbande ikuonekera, kuthirira kumasintha malinga ndi maonekedwe a nthaka, kuonetsetsa kuti nkhungu sizimawoneka pamphepete mwa chidebecho. Madzi a ulimi wothirira ayenera kukonzedweratu kwa masiku 3-5 kutentha.

Manyowa amapangidwa pokhapokha atatha kuonekera kwa mbande yachisanu mu mbande. Monga chovala chapamwamba:

• zopanga feteleza zokonzeka bwino ("Superphosphate", urea);
• mtengo;
• zipolopolo za dzira;
• yisiti cha mowa.

Manyowa amatha kupangidwa motsatira ndondomeko ya magalamu 20 pagulu, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mullein (gawo limodzi pa magawo asanu a madzi) pamlingo wa 1 lita imodzi ya mankhwala pa chitsamba chimodzi. Pambuyo masiku 10-14 feteleza imabwerezedwa ndi zofanana. Kudyetsa kavalidwe kumaloledwa pa chipatso cha ovary. Masiku 10 asanakolole, kudyetsa kwaimitsidwa.

Kutentha

Kutentha usiku: kutentha sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa madigiri 18. Masana, kutentha sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa madigiri 20-22.

Kukonza ndi Kukanikiza

Kuphwanyika kumachitika pamwamba pa tsinde pamene kupitirira kutalika kwa masentimita 20-25. Izi zidzalola kuti chitsamba chikule kwambiri ndikupereka zipatso zambiri. Komanso onetsetsani nthambi zazikulu kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuchotsa maluwa owonjezera kuchokera ku chomera. Kukonza kumachitika kokha pamene tsinde lifika pa masentimita 35, kuteteza kutalika kwa msinkhu.

Zojambula, zitapachikidwa

Izi zosiyana siziyenera kuthandizidwa kapena kupachikidwa. ndi kumangiriza bwino ndikuchepetsa. Tsinde la chomera ndi lamphamvu komanso lolimba, limapangitsa kuti chitsamba chonse chikhale bwino.

Mukamakula mosiyanasiyana m'mitengo yotentha kapena kunja, zimayambira ngati tsinde lalitali liposa mamita 35, mothandizidwa ndi zingwe kapena matabwa.

Mwinamwake akupachika zidutswa zochepa kwambiri za nsalu ku trellis. Kutsegula nthaka kumaperekedwa pambuyo pa kuthirira kulikonse kufanana ndi kuchotsedwa kwa namsongole.

Kukolola zipatso

Mbewu ikafika kutalika kwa masentimita 28-35 (pa 65-70 tsiku la zomera), zipatso zimayamba kuphuka. Pa nthawi yomweyi zomera zimatembenuka chikasu ndipo zimauma pang'onopang'ono. Kuchokera ku chitsamba china kusonkhanitsa mpaka kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka la tomato akafika pofiira.

Malangizo othandizira ndi machenjezo

• Zosiyanasiyanazi sizitha kukhala ndi matenda, koma zimadwala popanda kusamala. Chomeracho sichiri chovomerezeka kuti chitha, chifukwa chimbudzi cha chinyezi chimakhudza masamba ndipo chimayambitsa chikasu.
• Ndi kuyanika kwachilengedwe kwa chomera, palibe chifukwa chochita zinthu zina, monga chitsamba chimakhala ndi nthawi yochepa, ndipo kuyanika ndi njira yachibadwa. Mawonetseredwe: pang'onopang'ono chikasu ndi kuyanika kwa masamba ndi nthambi kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi.
• Pa nyengo yokula m'pofunika kuchotsa namsongole ndikumasula nthaka, panthawi yosamba mbande - kuchotsa masamba abodza.
• Pa nthawi ya maluwa, amayenera kugwedezeka tchire, zomwe zimawathandiza kuyendetsa mungu.
• Ntchentche sizisiyidwa pamthambi - ngati zitachotsedwa panthaŵi yake, fruiting idzakhala yochuluka.
• Kulephera kwa kuunika kwachilengedwe kungayambitse kuchepa, kuwonongeka kwa chipatso cha zipatso komanso ngakhale imfa ya chomeracho, choncho m'nyengo yozizira zimalimbikitsidwa kuchita nyali zina ndi nyali za fulorosenti.

Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana "Pinocchio" ili ndi maonekedwe okongoletsera, zokolola zambiri komanso mchere wambiri. Masamba obiriwira a chomera kuphatikizapo zipatso zochepa zochepa amalola kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ikhale yophika nthawi iliyonse ya chaka, ndipo tomato wamphamvu ndi amphamvu ndi oyenera kuphimba komanso kukhala ndi kukoma kokoma.