Nyerere Zam'madzi ndi Maluwa: Mitundu, Zowonongeka, Zovulaza ndi Kupindula

Ants - tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tomwe timayambitsa hymenoptera. Nambala yawo ndi yaikulu, imachulukitsa mofulumira kwambiri.

Mungathe kukumana nawo pafupifupi mbali zonse za dziko lapansili: m'nkhalango za Amazonia, ku Ulaya, ku South America, komanso m'madera onse a dziko la Russia. Zokhazokha ndi Antarctica ndi zilumba zambiri zakutali.

Zamkatimu:

Nyerere za Russia
Forest
Munda wamdima (waulesi)
Woody
Ants reapers
Pindulani ndi kuvulaza
Chithunzi
Zida zothandiza

Moyo wotsalira

Nyerere zimakhala m'mabanja (m'madera) zisa, zitsamba, zomwe zimakonzedwa pansi, nkhuni, pansi pa miyala. Nyerere ndizokhazikitsidwa. Banja (koloni) ndi dongosolo lovuta ndi kugawikana kwa maudindo pakati pa mamembala ake.

Monga onse "tizilombo", nyerere zimagawanika 3 castes:

akazi (mfumukazi kapena mfumukazi). Amayika mazira (amuna amachokera ku mazira osakhala ndi mazira, akazi amawoneka kuchokera kwa abambo). Chiberekerocho chimakhala ndi mapiko omwe amatha kuthamanga mwamsanga pomwe ndegeyo ikatha. Azimayi amasiyana mosiyana ndi anthu ena okhala ndi nthendayi, iwo ndi aakulu kwambiri kuposa amuna ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito nyerere. Mfumukazi ndiyo yokha ya chiwindi;

THANDIZANI! Kusamvana kumachitika mwa amai kamodzi kokha, umuna umalandira mokwanira kuti abweretse moyo wake wonse (zaka 10-20).

amuna. Ntchito yawo yokha ndiyokutenga nawo mbali. M'tsogolomu, iwo amawonongedwa ndi achibale awo kuchokera ku anthill. Amuna ali ochepa kwambiri kuposa kukula kwa akazi, komanso amakhala ndi mapiko. Chiyembekezo chawo cha moyo ndi masabata angapo;
nyerere zogwira ntchito (foragers). Izi ndizimayi zomwezo, zokhazokha ndi njira yopanda chitukuko yobereka. Maudindo a maulendowa akuphatikizapo kusamalira banja, zakudya, ndi ana amtsogolo. Zilibe mapiko, ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa zazikazi. Anthu ogwira ntchito zazikuluzikulu ndizo nyerere za msilikali (nsagwada zawo ndi mutu waukulu zimakula kwambiri), amachitanso ntchito zonse za ogwira ntchito, koma pakati pazinthu zina amateteza chisa chawo kuzing'onong'ono kwa adani.

THANDIZANI! Osati mitundu yonse ya nyerere ili ndi kusiyana koonekera mu castes.

Mwachitsanzo, munda wakuda ndi nyerere za pharao zimadzipangira "ntchito" yawo: kuyambira kubadwa, amasamalira ana awo, ndiye amatha kukonzekera, ndipo pamapeto pa moyo wawo amapeza chakudya.

Nyerere za Russia

Kumadera a ku Russia amakhala moyo mitundu yoposa 300 ya nyerere. Chofala kwambiri ndi: nyerere ya m'nkhalango, nyerere yakuda yakuda, nyerere yamitengo ndi nyerere.

Forest

Alipo mitundu yambiri ya mitundu:

nyerere yamtambo wofiira. Iyi ndi tizilombo tosangalatsa kwambiri, 7-14 mm m'litali. Malamulo ndi owopsa, mutu ndi waukulu, mimba ndi khosi ndi zakuda, thupi lonse liri lalanje. Amakhala mumtambo wotchedwa coniferous, deciduous and mixed. Omanga ogwira ntchito. Mapulusa omangidwa ndi iwo nthawi zina fikirani mamita awiri kapena mamita mu msinkhu. Nyerere zofiira za m'nkhalango zimakonda kukhala ngati banja limodzi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pambuyo pa umuna mkazi amene adatuluka pachilumba cha chisa sakumanga nyumba yatsopano, koma abwerera ku banja lake. Kwa mfumukazi, nthambi imachotsedwa m'chisa, kumene imabereka ana atsopano. Chiwerengero cha nyerere zofiira chikhoza kufika kwa anthu miliyoni miliyoni;

nyerere yakuda ndi ya bulauni. Mitundu yambiri ya nyerere za m'nkhalango. Zing'onozing'ono kwambiri. Kutalika kwa tizilombo akuluakulu ndi 5-8 mm okha. Mtundu wamtundu wakuda wakuda ndi imvi. Nthanga zimamangidwa pansi pa miyala. Ngati kumanga zitsamba, ndizochepa. Chiwerengero cha mitundu iyi ndi yaing'ono, popeza amayi pambuyo pa umuna nthawi zambiri amatha kukhazikitsa ndi kumanga mabanja atsopano;

Munda wamdima (waulesi)

Tizilombo tochepa. Kutalika kwake ndi 3-5 mm. Mtundu wakuda. Nyerere zamasamba zimamanga zisa m'mitengo yakale yowola ndi nthaka (mapiri ambiri). Pambuyo paukwati wawo, mfumukazi yawo mfumukazi siibwerera kubwerera, koma imapanga coloni yatsopano, kuphatikizapo, popanda ufulu, popanda chithandizo cha nyerere. Amuna a mitundu iyi nthawi yaitali kwambiri ya moyo ndi zaka 28.

Woody

Icho chiri cha mtundu wa campotonus. M'madera a Russian Federation, anthu ambiri akuda nkhawa komanso amawala kwambiri. Ovala zovala amakhala aakulu kukula kwake, kutalika kwake kumatha kufika 11-12 mm. Mitengo yambiri yomwe imakhala yotentha kwambiri. Pofuna kumanga zisa, amakonda mitengo yakale, yagwa, masamba ovunda kapena nthambi zouma. Nthawi zambiri mumapita pansi. Amakhala m'mabanja ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi chiberekero chimodzi.

Chiwerengero cha koloni imodzi chiri pafupi 5-8,000 anthu.

Ants reapers

Kutalika kwa thupi lawo kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira 5 mpaka 10 mm. Amakhala ndi mutu waukulu komanso nsagwada zabwino, zomwe amafunika kuti aziperekera mbewu ndi mbewu (zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa okolola). Ants-okolola amakhala m'madera akuluakulu. Nesi zimamangidwa pansi. Kawirikawiri, midzi yawo imapezeka pambali pa misewu kapena kumidzi. Achinyamata ndi anyamata a anthuwa nthawi zambiri m'nyengo yozizira nthawi zambiri, poyambira kasupe (pamene dothi likadali mvula) imatuluka pachiwongoladzanja kuti akonze malo atsopano.

Pindulani ndi kuvulaza

M'chilengedwe, sizilombo zokha kapena zoipa zokhazokha. Pali zochitika zomwe mitundu ina imatha kukhala yopindulitsa kwa anthu kapena kuwapangitsa mavuto ambiri.

Nyerere ya nkhalango zomwe zili mu Buku Lopukusa, monga mtsogoleri wamkulu wa nkhalango ndi tizirombo. Mwa kudya mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda yomwe yayamba kugwira ntchito mwakhama, nyerere za m'nkhalango zimasiya kufalikira. Kuphatikizanso apo, antchito awa osatopa amamasula nthaka mosamala, akuyikamo ndi mpweya. Komanso mutengere mbali yofunikira pa chakudya, pokhala chakudya chachikulu cha mbalame zambiri zakutchire: grouse, woodpeckers, tits. Asidi oyendetsedwa ndi nyerere amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa mankhwala: malingana ndi izo, kukonzekera rheumatism, kupweteka pamodzi, ndi chifuwa chachikulu.

Ndipo kokha kwa anthu a chilimwe Nyerere zofiira ndi tsoka lenileni: Zakudya za anthuwa ndi pedi (zotsekemera za nsabwe za m'masamba). Nyerere zimateteza nsabwe za m'masamba, zinyani mowirikiza kwambiri ndipo zitsatireni nazo nthawi yozizira. Nsabwe za m'masamba zimawononga kwambiri minda ndi minda ya zipatso, kuwononga zomera zonse. Choncho, mawonekedwe a alendowa m'nkhalango za dacha amachititsa mantha.

Nyerere yakuda yamaluwa. Palibe kukayika koopsa kwambiri kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuposa zabwino. Atakhala m'minda, amasangalala kudya zipatso za mitengo ya zipatso, kuyamwa timadzi tokoma maluwawo, kuwawononga. Ndiponso, monga nyerere zofiira, ziweto za nsabwe za m'masamba zimamera.

Wokolola wa Ant Zili ndi phindu lalikulu kwa steppes, yomwe imafalitsa mbewu za zomera. Koma ngati tizilombo timene timayambira pafupi ndi mitsinje kumene tirigu akupunthira, imayambitsa ngozi yaikulu.

Nyongolotsi ya Woodwire zothandiza poti zimawononga tizirombo, mitembo ya tizilombo, komanso mphutsi zomwe zimakhala pansi pa makungwa a mitengo. Koma tsoka, ngati obereketsa mitengo adasankha mapepala awo okolola, atakulungidwa m'magazi kapena m'bwalo la nyumba yokhalamo. Dulani nkhuni kuchokera mkati ndikusandutsa fumbi, iwo amapanga zakuthupi zosayenera zosagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mavuto ambiri angabweretsedwe ndi anthu, kukonza malo ogona. Kawirikawiri m'nyumba zimakhala ndi zipangizo zamatabwa, zitseko, zamatabwa.

Nyerere zimabweretsa mavuto ambiri kwa munthu kokha mwa kukhala pafupi ndi iye. Chilengedwe sichikanakhalapo ndipo chikanakula popanda antchito aang'ono ogwira ntchito. Izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa pamene pali chikhumbo chosunthira ndi kuwononga chinthu chimodzimodzi chonga icho, kuti chisangalatse.