Momwe mungamerekere strawberries mu wowonjezera kutentha chaka chonse: teknoloji ndi tanthauzo la zosiyanasiyana

Strawberry - zokonda za wamaluwa onse - ndithudi alipo pa madera onse akumidzi.

Sangathe kunena zovuta kwambiri kuti zisamalireKomabe, akakula msinkhu, sichipereka malipiro okwanira pamayesero omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mavuto a nyengo, matenda, kusowa kutentha, makamaka pakati ndi kumpoto kwa dziko lathu.

Ubwino wa wowonjezera kutentha

Zotsatira zosiyana kwambiri zingapezeke ngati mukukula strawberries mu wowonjezera kutentha pa chiwembu. Ubwino wokula strawberries ndi strawberries mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi zoonekeratu. Izi zidzalola Pezani zokolola zingapo pachaka, kuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha matenda a zomera komanso kudalira nyengo.

Kuwona kutentha komwe kumafunidwa, chinyezi ndi kuthirira kungakhale maluwa akuluakulu, omwe ali ndi kukoma kwabwino ndi maonekedwe, pamene akusunga katundu wawo.

Technology

Ndipotu, pali njira zamakono zamakono zowonjezera strawberries - Russian ndi Dutch. Koma tiyenera kupereka msonkho kwa osamalira minda yathu, omwe adazindikira momwe angachepetse mtengo wa teknoloji ya Dutch.

Russian

Zipangizo zamakono zowonjezera strawberries mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi izi: wowonjezera kutentha amagawidwa m'mabedi (chiwerengero chawo chimadalira kukula kwake kwa mamita 1 mita.) Mitengo imabzalidwa mumtunda wokonzedwa pamtunda wa masentimita 30 wina ndi mnzake. Mungathe khalani pansi mumzere kapena osokonezeka.

Dutch

Njira iyi imapereka zokolola zambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zomera pa 1 lalikulu. mamita obiriwira. Kodi kukula strawberries pa sayansiyi? M'malo mwa mabedi amamanga mbali, omwe ali pamiphika ndi mbande. Poto 1 - 1 chomera. Chiwerengero cha anthu amodzi chimadalira momwe zimakhalira bwino kuti munthu azilima. Ubwino motere ziri zoonekeratu:

• zokolola zazikulu;
• kukolera mabulosi;
• nthenda yochepa ya matenda, chifukwa mabulosi samakhudza pansi;
• mkulu wa zinthu zomwe analandira chifukwa chakuti chomera chochuluka chimalandira kuwala, mpweya ndi kutentha;
• madzi osunga ulimi wothirira.

Yankho la Chirasha ku teknoloji ya Dutch

Olima minda yathu sizinachepetse mtengo wa teknoloji ya Dutch, kupereka njira ina kwa miphika monga mawotchi apulasitiki. Nthaka imathiridwa mwa iwo ndipo mabowo amapangidwa kuchokera pamwamba, momwe makomo a sitiroberi afesedwa.

Kusankha mitundu

Kusankha bwino sitiroberi mitundu kwa wowonjezera kutentha ndi theka la nkhondo. Momwe mungamerekere strawberries mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi mitundu yanji yomwe ikufunika kubzalidwa? Posankha kubzala zakuthupi ayenera kumvetsera magawo otsatirawa:

• kukula kwa zipatso ndi kukoma kwawo;
• mitundu yowonongeka;
• kusalowerera ndale ponena za masana;
• dera lomwe hybrid lidabadwira;
• chopereka;
• matenda;
• wodzikonda mungu wosiyanasiyana wa strawberries.

Ngati strawberries akukula kuti agulitsidwe, ndiye yabwino sitiroberi mitundu kwa wowonjezera kutentha ndi Ndi wambiri ndipo si madzi, ndi zipatso zosakanikirana. Imayimitsa kuyenda bwino ndikugulitsa bwino kuposa yaing'ono kapena yaikulu.

Mitundu yotsatira yatsimikizira okha:

Alba - kalasi yoyambirira ndi zipatso zazikulu ndi makhalidwe apamwamba otumizira, ndizotsutsana ndi matenda;

Octave ali ndi makhalidwe ofanana ndi Alba;

Mfumukazi Elizabeth - Mitambo yambiri, yokoma kwambiri, imabereka zipatso osati pa tchire, komanso pazitsulo za chaka chomwecho, zoyenera kuyenda, zimafuna kuti pakhale chaka chatsopano;

Uchi - Zipatso zazikulu zowonjezera mpaka 45 g, zimakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira ndipo zimagonjetsedwa ndi kusintha kwa kutentha.

Alice - osadziletsa, ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira ndi zipatso zazikulu;

Christine - zoyamba kucha, zoyenera kuyenda.

Choyamba, sitiroberi zokolola mu wowonjezera kutentha zimadalira kusankha kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ulimi wamakono. Pogwiritsa ntchito malo abwino komanso kusamalira bwino mbewu adzapereka zokolola zingapo pachaka.
Zinthu zotsatirazi zimakhudza zokolola:

• njira yokula;
• wosankha wowonjezera kutentha;
• khalidwe la kubzala;
• kutentha, chinyezi ndi kuthirira;
• feteleza osankhidwa bwino;
• matenda;
• chowoneka bwino;
• njira yosankhidwa bwino ya pollination.

Chaka chonse

Kodi kukula strawberries mu wowonjezera kutentha chaka chonse? Kuswana strawberries mu wowonjezera kutentha kumafuna kudziwa zina ndi makompyuta omvera. Ndiye zotsatira zabwino zidzaperekedwa.

Kusankha wowonjezera kutentha

Izi ndizofunikira, chifukwa wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zowonjezera kutentha kwa thupi, kutulutsa kuwala, mphamvu ndi kukana nyengo yoipa.

Njira zabwino kwambiri ndizo galasi ndi polycarbonate. Momwe mungamangire wowonjezera kutentha kwa kukula kwa strawberries ndi manja awo, werengani pa webusaiti yathu.

Kuyala zakuthupi

Kuchokera ku khalidwe lake m'njira zambiri zimadalira zotsatira zomalizaChoncho, ndi bwino kugulira mazinesi ovomerezeka. Njira yachiwiri - yodalirika kwambiri - kuti udzile wekha ku mitundu yovomerezeka kale. Ndibwino kuti musankhe chodzala zinthu kuchokera ku zomera zowonjezera pansi.

Pochita izi, m'nyengo ya chilimwe, sankhani zitsamba zamphamvu kwambiri, zabwino kwambiri. Lembani iwo ndi zolembedwa. Kumapeto kwa July sungani masharubu amphamvu kwambiri, olimbitsa bwino ndi zotulukira. Zitha kuikidwa pamalo osiyana kuti pakatikati pa autumn (kumapeto kwa mwezi wa October) zikhoza kusamutsira ku malo osatha mu wowonjezera kutentha.

Kukonzekera kwa dothi

Mukamera strawberries pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono ku Russia, nthaka imakonzedwa motere:

• pansi pa bedi lokonzeka wadzazidwa ndi dothi lowonjezera kapena miyala yabwino kwa 5-7 masentimita;
• Potsatira mchenga wa 8 mpaka 10 cm;
• pamwamba pa mchenga ndi nthaka yosanjikiza ndi feteleza ndi superphosphate ndi ammonium nitrate (10 g pa 1 sq. m).

Peat ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku nthaka, sizingowonjezera pokhapokha, koma zimaperekanso mlingo woyenera wa acidity. Kuphatikiza pa fetereza izi zingakhalenso kupanga potaziyamu chloride (15 g pa 1 sq. M). Mu teknoloji ya Dutch, pamene mukugwiritsa ntchito miphika, nthaka iyenera kukhala yopanda kanthu, yopanda poizoni ndi yoperesa. Mungagwiritse ntchito peat yowonjezera ndi mchenga, zikopa za kokonati, kapena perlite. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yokonzeka bwino musanadzale strawberries.

Musagwiritse ntchito kwa sitiroberi malo pambuyo pake mbatata kapena mbewu zamtambo (mitundu yonse ya kabichi, saladi, radishes). Malo abwino kwambiri omwe mbewuzo zinakula.

Tikufika

Kubwera kwachitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa October mpaka kumapeto kwa November kapena kumapeto kwa February - oyambirira March. Kwa kutsika kwa mabowo m'munda, mapepala a 8-10 masentimita amapangidwa. Mtunda pakati pa tchire Izi ziyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 30. Kuti tipewe kusintha kwa nthawi yaitali kwa mbeu kumalo atsopano, ndibwino kusamutsa chodzala ndi kutaya, ndikusiya kwambiri mizu.

Pamene tikufika nthaka sungadzazidwe ndi dziko lapansi. Mutangoyamba kubzala, nthaka imakhala yodzaza ndi utuchi kuti zisunge chinyezi. Kuphimba bedi la munda ndi filimu mu wowonjezera kutentha sikoyenera, kungayambitse chinyezi chambiri ndi kuvunda kwa mizu. Masiku oyambirira mu wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kusungidwa pa kutentha kosachepera 25 °, mwazomwe zingatheke pang'onopang'ono kutsika mpaka 15 °.

Zithunzi za strawberries mu wowonjezera kutentha:

Zosamalira

Strawberry ndi mkazi wopanda nzeru kwambiri, choncho ndikofunikira kuti mukolole bwino. kutsatira mosamalitsa malamulo a chisamaliro kwa iye.

Kuwongolera

Ngati simusamalire mungu, mbewu sizingatheke. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri kukula kwa wowonjezera kutentha kwa strawberries. Kumalo otseguka ndi mungu wochokera ndi tizilombopogwiritsa ntchito mphepo ndi mvula. Kwa strawberries mu wowonjezera kutentha, mungagwiritse ntchito zipangizo ndi njira zotsatirazi:

1. Kukonzekera mphepo ndi mafani. Adzakhazikitsa kayendetsedwe ka mpweya womwe udzatulutsa mungu kuchokera ku chomera kupita ku chimzake. Pa mamita 100 lalikulu. M okwanira 3 mafani. Zimaphatikizidwa mu nthawi ya maluwa. Maola ochepa patsiku adzakhala okwanira. Kukula remontant strawberries mu wowonjezera kutentha - izi ziyenera kuchitika kawirikawiri, pamene zimatuluka kangapo pa nyengo. Pankhaniyi Kuphatikizidwa kuyenera kuchitidwa katatu pamlungu kwa maola 3-4. Mphamvu mpaka 90%.
2. Ngati wowonjezera kutentha, mungathe kuyika mng'oma ndi njuchi mmenemo. Komabe, njira iyi ili ndi mavuto angapo.
   Malo oti njuchi isachoke sikokwanira, choncho adzayenera kumasula. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kuluma. Koma mphamvu yowonetsera mungu ndi 95%.
3. Kupopera madzi kuchokera kumapopera awo - kupanga bungwe la mvula. Chifukwa cha kulumikiza kwa mungu mpaka chinyezi, kuyera kwa mungu ndi 45% yokha.
4. Ndilibe mphepo yamphamvu ndi nyengo yofunda mungathe kungoyamba kumene mu wowonjezera kutentha, kutsegula mawindo kapena zitseko kuchokera kumbali zina.

Kutentha ndi chinyezi

Ngati mutabzala kutentha mukhoza kutsetsereka kufika 15 °, ndiye pamene mchere wochuluka umatengedwa ndipo chomera chikukonzekera maluwa, kutentha kumayenera kuukitsidwa.

Panthawi imeneyi sayenera kukhala pansi pa 18 °. Pa maluwa amafunika kusunga kutentha kwa 22-25 ° kuti tipewe kutaya ovary.

Ndikofunikira! Kutentha kotentha kumadzetsa kuwonjezeka kwa tsamba kuti liwononge ubwino wa chipatso.

Chinyezi ndi chizindikiro chofunikira. kwa chitukuko cha zomera. Mutabzala kuti mupindule bwino mbande, sayenera kukhala pansi pa 85%. Pamene mbande imayamba, imachepetsedwa mpaka 75%. Pakati pa maluwa ndi fruiting mpweya wa chinyezi sayenera kupitirira 70%.

Kuwunika

Kuunikira kumakhudza mwachindunji zokolola za strawberries. Izi ndi zofunika makamaka ngati mukukula strawberries mu wowonjezera kutentha m'nyengo yozizira. Pafupipafupi, m'nyengo yozizira, tsiku lowala la chomera liyenera kukhala osachepera maola 12. Mutha kuwonjezera motere, kuphatikizapo kuunikira kwina:

• m'mawa kuyambira 8 mpaka 11;
• madzulo kuyambira 5 mpaka 8 koloko madzulo

Kwa bungwe la kuunikira kwina ku wowonjezera kutentha kwa nyali zoyenera za fulorosenti ndi mtundu wa buluu. Kukula strawberries ndi kuwala, mungathe kwera pamwamba pa mabedi. Iwo samapereka kutentha ndipo sangakhoze kuvulaza zomera. Mungagwiritsenso ntchito mercury ndi nyali za sodium, zomwe zimapangidwira zowonjezera. Nyali ya sodium imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dzuwa.

Kuthirira

Njira yabwino kwambiri - kuthira ulimi wothirira. Ndibwino kuti mutha kusungunula feteleza m'madzi, njira yomwe imasinthira nthawi zambiri ndi madzi okwanira. Mutabzala komanso musanayambe maluwa, njira yogwiritsira ntchito ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kenaka amalowetsedwa ndi kuthirira pansi pazu kuti asapewe madzi kuti asagwe pa masamba. Mlingo wa kuthirira strawberries - 1 nthawi mu masiku khumi.

Kupaka pamwamba

Dyetsani strawberries amafunikira 1 nthawi pa sabata. Kuthirira kumachitidwa musanamwe feteleza. Pamaso pa mapangidwe omimba mazira onetsetsani madzi. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsa ntchito zitosi za mbalame zimasungunuka mu chiŵerengero cha 1:15.

Izi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito: mchere wa potaziyamu (17 g), fetereza ya phosphate (20 g), ammonium nitrate (10) amadzipukutira mu malita 10 a madzi. Mungathe gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wapadera kwa strawberries, omwe tsopano alipo mu lalikulu assortment. Asanayambe fruiting, kudya kwa madzi kumayimitsidwa.

Matenda ndi kupewa kwawo.

Kutentha kwa madzi sikuteteza kwathunthu kuchitika kwa matenda osiyanasiyana mmunda.

Koma kupewa ndikosavuta kuposa kuchizaChoncho, ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti zisawathandize:

• kawirikawiri perekani wowonjezera kutentha;
• musabzalidwe mbande pafupi kwambiri;
• musasinthe chomeracho;
• nthawi ya manyowa.

Matenda Aakulu

1. Vuto loyera. Zimapezeka pamene chinyezi chiri chapamwamba, sichikuchitiridwa. Chomeracho chimachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo ndikuwotchedwa. Kwa prophylaxis mukhoza kuwuma mu wowonjezera kutentha;
2. White spotting. Chifukwa cha maonekedwewo ndi kuthirira mochuluka ndi kutentha kwamtundu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zopanga Falcon, Euparin kapena mkuwa sulphate molingana ndi malangizo kwa iwo;
3. Mame a Mealy. Chifukwa chake ndi chinyezi chachikulu komanso kutentha kwakukulu.. Amapatsidwa mankhwala a mkuwa kapena sopo (4%). Ndibwino kuchotsa chomeracho ndikusintha kutentha ndi chinyezi;
4. Kuwonongeka kochedwa. Zimakhudza mizu ya zomera. Chizindikiro - Kufiira kwa mizu sikungakhoze kuzindikira nthawi yomweyo. Choncho, ngati mapeto a May ayamba kuuma, ayenera kuwonongeka ndikuyang'ana mizu.

Kukula mu sitiroberi wowonjezera kutentha ndalama - ntchito ndi ndalama. Koma zotsatira zake ndi zoyenera. Pamene ena onse atulutsa mabulosi ozizira kuchokera ku furiji, mukhoza kumadya kuchokera ku chitsamba. Zopambana ndi zokolola zabwino zokoma!

Penyani kanema wa mmene kukula strawberries mu wowonjezera kutentha: