Nkhaka - zovuta kwambiri chikhalidwe, omasuka kuthirira, kudyetsa, kusamalira.
Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa kwa mbande. Kuti chitukuko chitukule bwino, zomera zazing'ono zimathamanga, ndiyeno zimaikidwa pamalo osatha okhalamo.
Pamene mukusuntha mbande, nkofunika kuchita mwatcheru momwe mungathere, kusamala kuti musawononge mizu yovuta.
Kusankha: Kodi iye amafunikira?
Kutchedwa kusankha Kutulutsa zitsamba zomwe zimapezeka mu chidebe chodziwika kwa miphika. Opaleshoniyi imakhudzidwa ndi chiopsezo: mizu yochepa, yofooka imawonongeka mosavuta, kenako kukula kwa mbande kumachepetsa.
ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI! Zowonongeka kwambiri zomera zimafa.
Ndicho chifukwa ambiri wamaluwa amasankha kusiya zokololazo pofuna kubzala mbewu m'makapu. Komabe, kalasi yakale imatenga anthu ambiri othandizira. Iwo amanena zimenezo molondola anachita Thirani nkhaka mbande ali zambiri ubwino:
- Diving nkhaka mbande pang'ono retards kukula kwa mbande, zimawalepheretsa kukoka. Zomera zimayambitsa kukula kwa mizu, yomwe ili ndi zotsatira zabwino pamapeto okolola.
- Kuwaza kukulolani kuti mupulumutse malo opanda pake pawindo kapena khonde. Mitengo yokha ndi yathanzi yokha imasunthira ku miphika, yofooka kapena yonyansa ikhoza kukanidwa.
- Kusankha msanga sikumapweteka kwambiri mizu, zomera zimasinthira mwamsanga kumalo atsopano.
Kuti njirayi ikhale yopanda pake, ndikofunika kuigwira mwamsanga. Mizu yopangidwa bwino ndi yosavuta kuwononga. Kuphatikiza apo, akhoza kuthandizana wina ndi mzake, pambuyo pake sizidzatheka kugawa zomera.
Kukonzekera kukasankha
Musanayambe kukukonzerani kuti mukonzeke nthaka yokwanira ya mbeu. Ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito gawo lapansi lomwe mbewuzo zidabzalidwa, zomera zimasinthasintha mofulumira. Mlimi aliyense ali ndi njira yake yokha ya nthaka. Oyambawo akhoza kuyesa chimodzi mwazifukwa zotsatirazi:
- chisakanizo cha munda wa dothi ndi wakale wa humus ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka mtsinje wa mtsinje;
- Land of sod ndi utuchi ndi peat;
- nthaka yachitsulo yokhala ndi kompositi ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka perlite kapena vermicult.
Pofuna kuziyika zida zazing'ono zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki, filimu kapena pepala.
Wokonzeka peat makapu ndi awiri a osachepera 10 cm ndi yabwino.
Zida zazikulu kwambiri nthaka nthaka yowawasa, kuyambitsa mizu zowola mbande. Mabowo amasungidwa mumatangi, ndiye makapu kapena miphika amaikidwa pa tray yakuya. Werengani zambiri za matanki osiyanasiyana.
Kodi kusinthanitsa nkhaka mbande molondola?
Nthaŵi yabwino yosankha ndikutsegulidwa kwathunthu kwa masamba a cotyledon.. Panthawiyi, chomeracho chimadzaza ndi mphamvu, mizu sichikulirakulira ndipo sichimawonongeka pamene yasuntha.
Ngati mapepalawo sanagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi ina, opaleshoniyo ikhoza kuchitika pambuyo pa tsamba loyamba la masamba enieni. Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kutengedwa kuti chisayambe kuwononga zomera zomwe zili pafupi ndi mizu.
Madzulo a kusamuka nkhaka mu chidebe madzi okwanira. Ngati izi sizinachitike, mizu yochepa ikhoza kudulidwa mosavuta panthawi yoika. Miphika ya mbande imadzazidwa ndi gawo lapansi pasadakhale, nthaka yaphwanyika, ndi mabowo akuya amapangidwa mmenemo.
Kodi kuziika nkhaka mbande? Mbewuyo imalumikizidwa modekha ndi yopapatiza spatula. M'malo mwake, mungagwiritse ntchito msomali wamatabwa kapena mphanda wamba. Nkofunika kuchotsa mphukira kuchokera pansi ndi mtanda wa dziko lapansimizu mizu.
Chomeracho chimayikidwa mu dzenje ndipo mwaulemu madzi okwanira pamphepete mpaka mizu. Iwo sayenera kupindika, amachepetsa kukula kwa nkhaka. Mphukira imadzazidwa ndi nthaka, zala zopanda kanthu.
Nthaka imaperedwa kwambiri ndi madzi otentha ndi kuwaza ndi wosanjikiza wa peat. Mbande zimayikidwa pa pakhomo ndi poyera kuti ziziwala.
Mwatsopano utakula mbande amafuna makamaka mosamalitsa kusamalira. Nkhaka kukonda kutentha ndi chinyezi chapamwambaM'masiku oyambirira ayenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa. Ndikofunika kuteteza mbande kuchokera pazithunzi.
Pofuna kusinthira msanga usiku, mbande imaphimbidwa ndi nsalu yopanda utoto. Imwani zomera zokha ndi madzi ofunda otentha: yophika, kuteteza, thawed kapena mvula.
Patapita masiku angapo mutasankha Mbande zikhoza kudyetsedwa ndi mankhwala amadzimadzi a mchere ndi urea, superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulfate. Zothandiza komanso kuthirira madzi ofunda, zimaphatikizidwa ndi phulusa kapena mazira.
Kusindikizidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena nthaka: malangizo ndi sitepe
Kuika mu wowonjezera kutentha kumayamba, pamene nkhaka idzatenga masamba 6-7 oona. Mbande yokonzeka kusunthira iyenera kukhala yamphamvu, yosakwanira, osati yowonjezera, yobiriwira. Ngati tizilombo taoneka pa mbande, zimachotsedwa tisanalowetsedwe.
Nthaka mu wowonjezera kutentha imamasulidwa mosamala, zotsalira zazomera, miyala ndi zina zina zakunja zimasankhidwa.
Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino, mchere wa kale umayambitsidwa, kachigawo kakang'ono ka peat kapena mchenga chingathandize kuchepetsa nthaka. Chopondetsa pamwamba pa wowonjezera kutentha chiyenera kusinthidwa pachaka.
Mabedi ndi kutalika kwa 30-35 masentimita ali okonzeka, malowa sayenera kukhala osachepera 60 masentimita. Nthaka imataya ndi njira yotentha ya potaziyamu permanganate ndipo ili ndi filimu masiku asanu ndi limodzi. Musanabzala nkhaka, m'pofunika kulimbikitsa matepi kapena zingwe, pomwe chikwapu chikhoza kupotozedwa.. Mukachita izi mutatha kuziika, mukhoza kuwononga mizu ya zomera.
Patsiku la kuzizira, zitsime zimakumbidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 30 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Kuzama kwake kuli kofanana ndi mphamvu yomwe nkhaka idzasuntha. Zinyama zomwe zimakula mumapiko a peat, zalimidwa pamodzi ndi chidebecho. Kuti muzuke bwino mizu, peat miphika iyenera kudula ndi mpeni.
Zinyama zomwe zimakula mu makatoni kapena filimu zimamwetsedweratu. Kenaka chidebecho chitembenuzidwa, chomeracho chimachotsedwa mosamala.
Mbande amasuntha mabowo okonzeka, odzazidwa ndi nthaka. Nthaka imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Pambuyo posamukira, mbande ziyenera kumangirizidwa ku zingwe ndi kuthirira madzi ambiri ofunda. M'masiku oyambirira, nkhaka zing'onozing'ono zimatha kutetezedwa ku usiku chisanu.
Nkhaka yopaleshoni ndizochita zolimbitsa thupi zomwe zimafuna luso ndi luso. Pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo oyambirira, njirayi imakhala yopanda mavuto, zomera zowonongeka zimayambanso kukula ndikugwira ntchito mwakhama.
