Nkhaka zakhala zikudziwika kwambiri pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana. Mwinamwake, anthu opusa okha samakula nkhaka mu nyumba yawo ya chilimwe.
Mbeu zochepa chabe, zofesedwa pansi, ndipo mumapatsa banja lanu zokoma, zokoma, nkhaka zamtengo wapatali, komanso salting!
Nkhani ya lero: kudyetsa nkhaka mbande kunyumba ndi m'munda. Yankhani mafunso: momwe mungadyetse nkhaka mbande pawindo ndi mu wowonjezera kutentha?
Makhalidwe a nkhaka
Ambiri amaona kuti nkhakayi imakhala masamba osafunika, popeza ili ndi madzi ambiri.
Inde, ili ndi 95-97 peresenti ya madzi, koma si zophweka, koma "madzi amoyo", lili ndi mchere wamchere wa potaziyamu, magnesium, calcium, phosphorous, ayodini.
Ma salt awa amathandiza mtima, chiwindi ndi impso kugwira ntchito. Zamadzi kuchokera ku nkhaka ndi zodabwitsa zowonongeka ndi chirengedwe, tsiku ndi tsiku masamba omwe amadya masambawa amathandizira kuchotsa poizoni ndi kukwapula.
Nkhaka - monoecious, chomera chomera mungu. Njuchi, njoka zam'madzi, ntchentche zimatulutsa maluwa ake. Kuonjezera zokolola mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena m'munda mabedi ayenera kudzala mitundu yambiri.
Palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaka ya pertenocarpic (self-pollinating); zomera izi sizikusowa thandizo la tizilombo kuti tipeze zipatso.
Malamulo a kucha
Malingana ndi kucha kwa nkhaka amagawanika kukula msinkhu (Masiku 40-55 kuchokera kumera kumera mpaka fruiting), pakatikati (Masiku 55-60) ndi kukula msinkhu (Masiku 60-70 ndi pamwamba) magulu.
Zofunikira pa kukula nkhaka
Kukula nkhaka si ntchito yovuta kwambiri, koma masambawa ali ndi zosowa zina. Nkhaka kukonda kuwala, chinyezi ndi kutenthaZomerazi zimafuna kwambiri kutentha, zimafa chifukwa cha chisanu.
Zomera zimayenera kubzalidwa pang'onopang'ono pokhapokha mpweya ukawombera mpaka madigiri 15-17, kutentha kwa madigiri oposa 15 ndipo kukula kwa nkhaka kumachepetsanso kwambiri, ndipo pamakhala madigiri 10 omwe amasiya palimodzi.
Koposa zonse, nkhaka zimakula ndikukula pa kutentha kwa mpweya wochulukitsa 25 mpaka kuphatikiza madigiri 30 ndi chinyezi cha pakati pa 70-80 peresenti.
Zosowa za nthaka
Mukhoza kukula nkhaka mu nthaka iliyonse, koma ndi bwino kusankha nthaka yowirira, yotenthetsa, yosasuntha ndi osatulutsika. Nkhaka sizilekerera dothi lamchere, choncho pH sayenera kukhala pansi pa 6.5.
Oyambirira
Nkhaka adzakula bwino pa anyezi, kabichi, phwetekere ndi mbatata ya m'munda wa mbatata. Nkhaka sichidzakula m'mabedi, kumene chaka chatha chinakula beets, maungu, zukini kapena sikwashi.
Njira zokula
Njira yowonjezera yakukula nkhaka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zofikira kapena zowonjezera mafilimu. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, nkhaka zimakula bwino m'nthaka kuchokera ku chisakanizo cha sod ndi humus. Zofunika zoyenera - kuthirira madzi okwanira, kuwomba, kudyetsa ndi kumasula, koma osati kwambiri, chifukwa mizu ya nkhaka ilibe pang'onopang'ono.
Nkhaka nthawi zambiri zimakula kumunda, koma ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito kanema kapena filimu ina yoteteza mbewu kuchokera ku nyengo yozizira.
Kuthirira
Kupeza zipatso zabwino za nkhaka zokoma sikungaiwalike pa kuthirira. Poyamba, mutatha kuziika, sungamwe madzi ambiri kuti mizu isayambe kuvunda. Madzi okwanira ayenera kukhala ofunda (Madigiri 22-25).
Kuperewera kwa chinyezi kumakhudza kukoma kwa ndiwo zamasamba - nkhaka zimakhala zowawa. Kuti mupeze zokolola zochuluka, ndikofunikira kuti muphatikize ulimi wothirira ndi zokongoletsa zina, kuti mumere nthaka ndi feteleza osiyanasiyana.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Kupaka pamwamba ndi nthawi yofunika kwambiri kwa zomera, chifukwa wamaluwa mosadziwa sangagwiritse ntchito feteleza zomwe ziri zofunika ku chomera ichi m'malo moti azidzitenga kuti azitenga nkhaka ngati fakitale kapena yopotoka.
Mpaka nkhaka zitabzalidwa, palibe chifukwa chofuna kuthirira nthaka, monga salt yambiri yamchere ndi yovulaza zomera. Mukakonzekera kabedi mungathe kupanga manyowa okha.
Kodi kudyetsedwa nkhaka mbande?
Nkhaka kukonda zokongoletsera za mchere ndi zamchereKoma feteleza mankhwala amavulaza masamba awa. Pa nthawi yonse ya fruiting ayenera kukhala chakudya chochepa. Kudyetsa ndi mizu (yogwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka) ndi foliar (njira yopopera mbewu mankhwalawa).
Yoyamba kudyetsa nkhaka mbande ikuchitika ndi nayitrogeni-munali kapena mchere feteleza. Patangopita masiku 15 kuchokera kumadzi. Mukhoza kuthirira nthaka ndi feteleza yochuluka ya nitrojeni (mullein, kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi maulendo 8-10, kapena manyowa a nkhuku, nthawi khumi).
Chovala chachiwiri chiyenera kupanga Patapita masiku 10-15, pamene nkhaka zimayamba kuphulika. Kungakhale kusakaniza kwa magalamu 20 a potaziyamu nitrate, 30 magalamu a ammonium nitrate ndi 40 magalamu a superphosphate.
Chosakaniza ichi chakonzedwa ndi chidebe cha lita khumi. Ngati muli ndi superphosphate yokha, mungathe kuidula m'madzi (supuni 2 pa 10 malita) ndikutsanulira pa nkhaka.
Zovala zapamwamba za mtundu uwu ndi zabwino nyengo yozizira, mu mvula nyengo yowumitsa zokutira akulimbikitsidwa, mwachitsanzo, kupukuta mapulusa a bedi lamkonde mlingo wa 1 chikho cha phulusa pa 1 mita imodzi ya dera.
Zakudya izi ziyenera kuchitika ndi nthawi ya masiku 7-10. Pa fruiting nkhaka amafunika potaziyamu ndi phosphorous, komanso nayitrojeni ndi sulfure zigawo zikuluzikulu. Kuti mudziwe chomwe chiri chosowa nkhaka zanu, yang'anani pa mawonekedwe awo.
Kodi kudyetsa nkhaka mbande kuti zikhale zotani? Popanda potaziyamu, zokolola zimachepa, kuwonetsetsa kwa masamba kumatayika, amatenga msuzi woipa kwambiri. Ngati palibe nayitrogeni yokwanira m'nthaka, nkhaka imakhuthala pa tsinde ndi yopera mpaka nsonga. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa calcium m'dziko la nkhaka, maluwa owuma ndi mazira ambiri amafa, chitetezo chimapita pansi, zomera zimayambira.
Kudzaza nthaka ndi calcium, kulowa mmenemo ikhoza kugwedezeka. Zamchere feteleza mu fruiting nthawi yowonjezera pamwamba pa kuvala kuchokera ku urea (50 magalamu pa 10 malita a madzi) ndi potaziyamu nitrate (2 supuni pa 10 malita a madzi).
Kawirikawiri, wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa zitsamba, zomwe zimaphatikizapo nkhono, nsomba ndi namsongole, monga feteleza. Udzu umatsanuliridwa ndi madzi ndipo umalowa mu dzuwa pakati pa sabata, kuthirira kumachitidwa pa mlingo wa 1: 5.
Kodi kudyetsa nkhaka mbande kunyumba? Posachedwapa, kutchuka kwakukulu kwalandira chomera chachakudya chodyera kapena mkate wowawasa, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi wamaluwa ambiri. Mizu yopangira masamba imayenera kuphatikiza ndi foliar, ndiko kuti, ndi chithandizo cha zomera ndi feteleza yankho.
Zakudya zabwino za foliar za nkhaka ndi feteleza zomwe zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni, zimabweretsanso zomera, zimachepetsa chikasu cha masamba, zimapangitsa kuti thupi lizikhala ndi thupi.
Nkhumba zing'onozing'ono zambiri zimathandizira uchi kuvala. Pochita izi, supuni 2 ya uchi imasungunuka mu madzi okwanira 1 litre. Zomera zimapangidwira ndi njirayi kukopa njuchi, ma ovari awo amakula, ndipo zokolola zawo zimakula.
Ndibwino, kusamalira ndi kuteteza, komanso fetereza kwa nkhaka mbande kunyumba, nkhaka patebulo idzakusangalatsani nthawi yonse.
Tikuyembekeza kuti malangizo athu ndi malingaliro anu adzakuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi zokolola zochuluka zamasamba!
Zida zothandiza
Onani zina zothandiza nkhaka mbande zowonjezera:
- Momwe mungakulire pawindo, khonde komanso pansi?
- Malangizo okula m'mitsuko yambiri, makamaka pa mapepala ndi mapiritsi.
- Pezani masiku odzala malingana ndi dera lanu.
- Zifukwa zomwe zimatulutsa mbande ndi matenda otani?
- Zinsinsi zonse za kukonzekera mbewu asanabzala ndikunyamula mphukira zazing'ono.
