Alstroemeria - woimira banja la Alstromerias, lomwe limaphatikizapo 4 genera ndipo lagawidwa kukhala mitundu 250. Alstroemeria "yafika" m'dera lathu kuchokera kumadera otentha a South America.
Ichi ndi chomera chosatha cha herbaceous, tsinde lake lomwe liri lolunjika, ndipo mizu ndi tuberous. Pansi pa chilengedwe, alstroemeria imatha kufika mamita 1.5 m'litali.
Mukudziwa? Alstroemeria wakhala akudziwika kuti "maluwa a Incas", ndi Incas omwe ankawona kuti chomera ichi ndi chopatulika ndipo chinapatsa mphamvu zamatsenga. Maluwa amenewa amatchedwanso "Peruvian lily".
Maluwa a Alstroemeria, ofanana ndi maluwa, amajambulidwa ndi chikasu, chofiira, pinki, lalanje, ndi lilac. Maluwa a maluwa amakhala okongoletsedwa ndi mitsempha, yomwe ili pafupi ndi pamphepete mwa petal ikukhala yoonda kwambiri.Maluwa amakhala pafupifupi masentimita 6 m'mimba mwake. M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana za momwe mungakwerere alstroemeria mumphika kukongoletsa zenera lanu sill.
Zomwe zingatheke pakukula alstroemeria m'nyumba
Alstroemeria, ngati mbewu ina iliyonse, imakhala ndi zofunikira zina zolima kulima. Chifukwa chakuti Alstroemeria imachokera ku madera ofunda, ndibwino kupanga zinthu pafupi ndi chilengedwe pa nyumba yake yenera.
Malo ndi kuunikira
Alstroemeria, ngati mukukula kuchokera ku mbewu, bwino kumbali ya kumwera kwa nyumba, chifukwa alstroemeria amakonda kuwala ndi kutentha kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! M'nyengo yotentha alstromeria bwino pritenyat kuteteza kutentha kwa masamba.
Kuti duwa likondweretse iwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu ndi mitundu yowala kwambiri, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti ili ndi maola 14; Ngati simungathe kuunika alstromeria mwachilengedwe, mungagwiritse ntchito nyali za fulorosenti kuti muunikire kwina.Alstroemeria ndi bwino kusayika pamalo omwe ali pafupi ndi otsogolera kapena zipangizo zina zotentha. Tidzakambirana momwe tingasungire chinyezi cha mlengalenga chofunikira maluwa ndi momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito madzi osokoneza bongo molondola.
Kutentha kwake: nyengo yozizira-chilimwe
Alstroemeria ndi duwa lovutikira kwambiri kutentha komanso makamaka kusiyana kwawo. Chinthu chofunikira pa zomwe zili mu alstromeria zidzakhala kusunga nyengo yoyenera malinga ndi nyengo.
M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kumayenera kusungidwa pa 13-15 ° C, panthawi yomwe maluwawo amatha kupirira kutentha kwa 8 ° C. Pa kutentha kwapamwamba, maluwawo satseguka, ndipo m'chaka cha Alstroemeria sichidzakondweretsa iwe ndi mtundu wake.
M'chilimwe, duwa lidzakhala lokwanira pa firiji osadutsa 28 ° C. Ngati kutentha kuli kwakukulu, masamba ndi maluwa zidzagwa ndipo maluwawo sadzaleka kukula.
Penyani ulamuliro wa kutentha ndi wosavuta, chinthu chofunika sikuti chiziwonongeke popereka kutentha kwa Alstroemeria.
Chisamaliro choyenera ndicho chinsinsi cha kukula kwa Alstroemeria.
Kuti Alstroemeria ikondweretse maluwa, muyenera kuyisamalira mosamala, kutsatira malamulo a ulimi wothirira ndi kutentha kwa mpweya, komanso kudyetsa mbewu nthawi yake. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuchita izi, ndipo mudzawona zotsatira za chisamaliro chanu kuyambira masabata oyambirira.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Pothirira madzi Alstroemeria ali ndi nzeru zake, ndipo amadalira, komanso kutentha, komanso pa nyengo.
Mwachitsanzo, m'chilimwe komanso nthawi ya kukula, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa kuti dziko lapansi liume. Kuthirira ndi bwino ndi madzi ofewa omwe mulibe chlorine.
Popeza m'nyengo yozizira, alstromeria sichita ngati nyengo yowonjezera, m'nyengo yozizira imayenera kukhala kuthirira pang'ono, koma kuti maluwawo asaume.
Ngati mumapitirira, madziwo adzaphulika m'midzi ndipo phokoso lidzayamba kuvunda, ndipo zotsatira zake zidzakhala kusowa kwa mtundu wa nyengo yotsatira.
Mukudziwa? M'nyengo yozizira, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa molingana ndi kutentha: m'munsi kutentha, kuchepa kochepa kudzafunika ndi alstroemeria.
Ngati mutasunga mpweya wabwino pamtunda woyenera bwino, muyenera kupopera mbewu panthawi yotentha kwambiri kapena chilala, koma ngati chomeracho chiri pawindo pafupi ndi wogwiritsira ntchito, muyenera kupopera alstroemeria kamodzi pakatha masiku atatu ndi ofewa kutetezera madzi.
Feteleza
Kudyetsa chomera sikufunika nthawi zambiri, kawirikawiri zakudya ziwiri kapena zitatu pa chaka ndi zokwanira.
Ndipo pa nthawi yogwira maluwa, chomeracho chingachiritsidwe ndi yankho la phulusa: Supuni 1 imatsuka mu malita atatu a madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Kusankha, kusiyana ndi kudyetsa alstroemeria, ndi bwino kusiya pa kukonzekera kuti potassium ndi phosphorous ndizopambana, koma pali nitrojeni yochepa.Ngati chomeracho "chosadyeka" ndi nayitrogeni, masamba adzayamba kukula mofulumira, koma masambawo sadzakula.
Zonse zokhudzana ndi kuziika
Alstroemeria imakula mofulumira, ndipo pakapita nthawi imakhala yochepa mu mphika. Kukula kwa alstroemeria panyumba ndi njira yosavuta, koma zonse ziyenera kuchitika nthawi zonse.
Mukudziwa? Alstroemeria salola kuti nthaka ikhale yambiri.
Pogwiritsa ntchito gawo lopangidwa ndi alstroemeria loyenera kwambiri ndi zotsatirazi: Gawo limodzi la nthaka, tsamba 1 la humus, 1 gawo la peat, 1 mbali ya makungwa a pine, 1 gawo la vermiculite / perlite. Kusakaniza ndi gawo labwino kwambiri lokhala ndi gawo lokhala ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapindulitsa kwa alstromeria.Kawirikawiri, alstroemeria imayikidwa mu kasupe mumphika wakuya, womwe umakhala waukulu kuposa masentimita 4-5 kuposa mizu. Kuti chomera chikhale chomasuka, madzi akuyenera kuikidwa pansi pa mphika kwa pafupifupi kotala la voliyumu.
Kukonza:
- Sungani mosamala mchere wotchedwa alstroemeria.
- Chotsani mizu pansi ndipo muyang'ane rhizome (pamaso pa mizu yowonongeka - ikani iwo).
- Sakanizani rhizome mu potaziyamu permanganate chifukwa cha disinfection.
- Mu mphika wokonzedwa woyaka kutsanulira gawo lapansi.
- Bzalani chomera.
- Fukani chomera ndi nthaka, mwana wa nkhosa wamphongo ndi kutsanulira.
Dyetsani chomera chodzala chikhoza kukhala masabata awiri mutatha kuika, pamene mizu yayamba kale.
Kubereka kwa alstroemeria kunyumba
Kutchuka kwa Alstroemeria kukukula tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo ochulukitsa ochulukitsa amalonda amalengeza Alstroemeria kunyumba. Kubalana kumachitika m'njira ziwiri: vegetative ndi seminal njira.
Mbewu
Mbeu za Alstroemeria zimabzalidwa kumapeto kwa February - oyambirira March. Pakukula alstroemeria kuchokera ku mbewu, mbewuyo idzaphulika osati kale kuposa chaka chachitatu.
Musanabzala mbewu mu mphika, ayenera kuti apange. Ndondomeko ya stratification ndi yaitali komanso imatha miyezi iwiri. Kwa stratification, mbewu zimasungidwa kutentha kwa +2 mpaka +4 ° C, kenako pang'onopang'ono kutentha kumadzutsidwa.
Pambuyo pa stratification ndondomeko, mbeu imatha kulowetsedwa m'madzi ndikusiyidwa maola asanu ndi awiri ndi asanu ndi awiri. Pambuyo pake, amafesedwa pansi mozama pafupifupi masentimita 3, kuwaza dothi pamwamba ndi kuchepetsa pang'ono.
Kuchokera pamwamba pa chidebe ndi mbewu zomwe anabzala zimaphimbidwa ndi filimuyi. Mbewu imayenera kukhala mpweya wabwino ndi kuchotsedwa kwa mphindi zingapo patsiku. Ngati zonse zikuchitidwa bwino, patatha masiku 10 mutha kuona mphukira yoyamba, ndipo patatha masabata awiri, masamba angapo adzawonekera pazomerazo.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kuphunzitsa mbewu zowonjezera kutentha, m'pofunika kuchotsa pang'onopang'ono filimuyo kuchokera ku tanja lofesa.
Gawo la rhizomes
Njira yogawanika ya rhizomes imakhala yotchuka kwambiri pakubereka kwa alstroemeria. Mwanjira iyi, chomera chomera mu kasupe. Pofuna kufalitsa mchere mu njirayi, muyenera kukokera chomeracho mumphika monga mosamala kuti musamawononge maluwawo m'malo mwake, ndi clod ya padziko lapansi.
Pokhapokha mukadzafika pamtengowo, mizu iyenera kugwedezeka pansi ndi kuchapidwa ndi madzi. Mphunoyi imagawanika, kuidula ndi tsamba lakuthwa. Pambuyo polekana, malo onse ochepetsetsa ayenera kuperekedwa ndi makala.
M'phika lokonzekera udathira nthaka ndikubzala rhizome kuti ikhale mwaufulu mu mphika. Top delenku wothira mchenga ndi nthaka. Alstroemeria ayenera kubzalidwa motero khosi lilibe masentimita 7 pansi.
Alstroemeria ingabzalidwe motere kumapeto kwa chilimwe: mizu idzakhala ndi nthawi yozika mpaka nyengo yozizira.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi tizirombo ndi matenda
Matenda a alstromeria ndi abwino kuti asachiritse, koma kuti atenge njira zonse zoyenera kupewa. Ngakhale mbewuyo ikuwoneka yathanzi, mankhwala ndi Readzol kangapo pachaka sangavulaze.
"Fundazole" zoyenera kuchiza matenda monga mizu zowola, phytophthora, fusarium, yomwe nthawi zambiri imawonekera chifukwa cha kusefukira ndi chinyontho chokwanira mu mizu, komanso imvi yovunda, yomwe imawononga zomera, yomwe imakhala mu chipinda chokhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira komanso m'nyumba zopanda mpweya wabwino.
Alstroemeria ikhoza kugwidwa ndi nkhuku ndi nkhupakupa, zomwe zimawonekera chifukwa cha kuswa kwa kutentha, ngati chipinda chili chotentha komanso mpweya uli wouma. Mungathe kumenyana nawo ndi tizirombo monga "Aktara"kapena"Confidor"kuthirira nthaka.
Monga mukuonera, ngakhale woyambitsa akhoza kukula alstromeria. Maluwa awa a kukongola kwakukulu amafuna zina mwachinsinsi mu chisamaliro, koma khama lonse lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito ku kulima kwake lidzabwereranso kwa inu zotsatira zana-zana mu mawonekedwe a chomera chokongola ndi mtundu wokongola.
