Sipinachi - Zomera zamasamba zomwe zili ndi mavitamini ambiri osapsa, organic ndi mafuta acid, micro and macro zinthu zofunika pa zakudya zabwino. Maluwa awa ndi othandiza komanso othandiza pa tebulo lililonse. Kugwiritsa ntchito sipinachi nthawi zonse ndibwino kwambiri kupeŵa matenda a m'mimba, mantha, matupi a mtima, matenda osokoneza bongo, amathandizira kwambiri chitetezo cha mthupi.
Mukudziwa? Masamba a sipinachi amakhala ndi mavitamini K, E, PP, C, P, A, B2, B6, manganese, silicon, chitsulo, cobalt, m'chiuno, boron, chromium, ayodini, calcium, rubidium, zinki, vanadium. Komanso serotonin, phytosterols, polysaccharides, mafuta omega-3-polyunsaturated, ascorbic ndi oxalic acid.
Mukafesa sipinachi
Kuphuka sipinachi kumunda kungayambike kuyambira pachiyambi kapena pakati pa mwezi wa April, ndikuyang'ana nyengo yozizira. Sipinachi - kuzizira zosagwira, Kutentha kwa mpweya wa 4-5 ° С ndi koyenera kwambiri kuti mbeu imere, ndipo mphukira zake zimatha kupirira chisanu mpaka -5-6 ° С.
Momwe mungapezere zokolola zapinachi oyambirira
Kutentha kwasupa sipinachi kumapereka nthawi yokolola - kuzungulira pakati pa June, osati kale. Kodi n'zotheka ndipo ikabzalidwa kuti iike sipinachi pamalo otseguka kuti mukolole kale? Mungathe. Chitani m'madera omwe muli nyengo yozizira kapena kubzala mbewu zachisanu kumapeto kwa August - kumayambiriro kwa September.
Kubzala sipinachi musanafike nyengo yozizira, tipezani masamba oyamba mu April. Mwa njira iyi, nthawi yochokera kufesa mpaka mphukira zoyamba, mu masiku 14-16 sipinachi imayamba mizu ndikuyang'ana bwino. Ndipo kutentha kwa mwezi wa March, ikukula mofulumira.
Ndikofunikira! Mutatha kusonkhanitsa kukolola koyamba mu masiku 45-50, mutha kusonkhanitsa masamba kuchokera ku tchire kachiwiri, ndipo zomera zimachotsedwa kwathunthu.
Zosowa za Sipinachi
Kusaloŵerera, loamy ndi mchenga, wolemera mu dothi lopangidwa bwino ndi bwino kukula kwa sipinachi. Kuonjezera apo, nthaka ya sipinachi iyenera kukhala yochuluka kwambiri - pH sichiposa 7.
Okonzeratu abwino a chomera ndi mbatata, nkhaka, nyemba, kabichi, tomato.
Mukudziwa? Sipinachi yokonza chakudya - kuphika, kukaka, kuwombera, kumangiriza, kuzizira - kusintha kake, kumakhala ndi zinthu zothandiza kwambiri.
Kukonzekera kwa kubzala
Nthaka ya sipinachi imakonzedwa mu kugwa - imadyetsa ndi kukumba. Kukumba mozama - masentimita 25. Manyowa a sipinachi amalimbikitsidwa kuti azipanga mapangidwe a potash-phosphate, humus, kompositi. Chiwerengero choyambirira cha zigawo zikuluzikulu pa 1 lalikulu. m - 5 g wa phosphorus, 8 g wa nayitrogeni, 10 g wa potaziyamu, 5.5-6 makilogalamu a humus.
Ndikofunikira! Nayitrogeni imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga feteleza kokha m'dzinja, osati m'chaka. Sipinachi imasonkhanitsa mwamsanga kuwonjezera kwake, komwe kumawononga thanzi laumunthu.
Kufesa mbewu za sipinachi pamalo otseguka
Mbewu za sipinachi zikukula mwachindunji pansi popanda kumera mbande zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Pochita izi, mbeu isanayambe kubzalidwa maola 20-24. Mukamayambira, peicarp (chipolopolo) cha mbewu imatsogola: ngati yayamba kuchokera m'madzi, mbewuzo zikonzeka kubzala.
Musanafese, nyembazo zimakhala zouma pang'ono - zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa thaulo louma kuti mchere wambiri usakanikizidwe ndipo palibe mbeu yomwe imadulidwa. Mbeu za manyowa (potaziyamu permanganate) zikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kumadzi kwa ulimi wothirira, kuti pakhale njira yothetsera tizilombo tochepa. Kuzama kwa mbeu kumakhala 2-2.5 masentimita, kutalika pakati pa mabedi, ngati kuli kofanana, ndi 20-25 masentimita.
Ndikofunikira! Sipinachi imatsutsana ndi matenda a duodenum, impso, chiwindi, ndulu. Mwachisamaliro chimayambika pa chakudya cha mwana. Izi ndi chifukwa cha kuchulukanso kwa oxalic acid mu ndiwo zamasamba.
Sipinachi yosamalira mbewu
Sipinachi ndizojambula zithunzi, komanso imakula bwino mumthunzi, mwachitsanzo, ingabzalidwe ngati gawo losiyana ndi mbewu zina, ndikugwiritsira ntchito ngati olekanitsa pakati pa zomera zosiyanasiyana. Pa nthawi yomweyo sipinachi ndi wodzichepetsa, ndipo kusamalira iyo imakhala nthawi yake kuthirira, kumasula nthaka, kupatulira, kupalira.
Madzi moyenera mpaka mphukira zikuphuka - kuchokera kumadzi okwanira ndi utsi pamene imayamba mizu - kuthirira ndikwanira, koma moyenera. Mbande zochepa kunja pa maonekedwe a tsamba lachiwiri, kusiya mtunda pakati pa 15-20 masentimita. Kutsegula kumachitika nthawi iliyonse pamene dothi lauma. Momwe mungamwetse sipinachi m'nyengo yozizira?
Madzi nthawi zambiri komanso ochulukirapo, koma onetsetsani kuti madzi sagwedezeka ndipo pali bwino. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumayambitsa mapangidwe a powdery mildew ndi matenda ena osapinachi. Pakati pa mvula yambiri yamvula, ndi bwino kutambasula filimuyi pamapepala pamwamba pa mabedi kupeŵa chinyezi chokwanira. Monga lamulo, nthaka ya sipinachi imamera musanabzala - mu kugwa ndipo, ngati n'koyenera, kumapeto kwa nyengo isanafese, choncho, mu zomera, sipinachi feteleza sichikuchitika.
Kukolola
Kukolola sipinachi kungayambike pamene chomera chiri ndi masamba asanu ndi limodzi, makamaka chimakhala ndi chitukuko cha masamba 8-10. Dulani tsinde pansi pa tsamba loyamba. Mizu ya sipinachi kasupe kubzala kukumba. Mutha kutulutsa mbewu yonse mwamsanga m'malo mocheka. Kulimbitsa zokolola za masamba sizingatheke - masamba otsala, amakhala ozizira, ataya kukoma. Musakolole pambuyo kuthirira kapena mvula. Nthawi yabwino yokolola ndikumayambiriro, ndiye masambawo adzakhala atsopano komanso opanda makwinya.
Mukudziwa? Mu sipinachi yomwe idabzala mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, masamba ali ang'onoting'ono ndi opepuka, ndipo iwo omwe anabzala m'dzinja ali ndi zazikulu ndi zakuda masamba obiriwira.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta sipinachi, momwe tingachitire ndi iwo
Onse wamaluwa ayenera kudziwa momwe angamere sipinachi m'dziko kapena m'munda ndikupewa kuwonongeka ndi tizirombo. Ndi bwino kuteteza matendawa pasanapite nthawi, kutsatira njira zogwirira ntchito: kutsatira malamulo a zowonongeka kwa mbeu ndi kuthirira, kuthetsa namsongole, mbewu zotsamba zosagwirizana ndi tizirombo. Tizilombo toyambitsa sipinachi ndi mphutsi za oyendetsa minda ndi a beet ntchentche, zomwe zimatchera mabowo m'masamba, slugs, nsabwe za m'masamba, mabomba a babuha, matenda ovunda a masamba ndi mizu, lowy mildew, mbozi ndi ma kabichi amawombera.
Matenda onse amayamba chifukwa chophwanya malamulo a zaulimi. Sikoyenera kuteteza ndi kupopera mankhwala ndi sipinachi. Pamene zilonda zimakhala zosavuta, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito tsabola, phwetekere, njira zopezera kupopera mbewu. Ngati simungathe kulimbana ndi tizirombo, zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa zimawonongeka.
