Zipinda zodyeramo mitundu ya mphesa Kwa zaka zambiri, ndi otchuka ndi ogula.
Komabe, mphesa, monga mukudziwira, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, ndipo sizingakhoze kukula pamene nyengo siilandiridwa.
Izi zimakakamiza ogulitsa vinyo kuzungulira dziko lonse, zazikulu ndi zazing'ono, kuti azisankha mitundu yatsopano yatsopano kuti mphesa zizitha kuphulika kumene kunali kovuta ndi izi.
Zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa za mphesa za Pervozvanny, komanso kufotokoza kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi chithunzi cha mabulosi, zimaperekedwa mulemba ili pansipa. Zotsatira za kuswana ntchito ya Russian ankachita masewera wolima anali zosiyanasiyana Pervozvanny.
Mphesa Yoyamba Imatchedwa - Izi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa zoyera za kubereka amateur, ku Russia. The Ataman, Alpha ndi Bogatyanovsky ndi woyera tebulo mitundu.
Mbiri yobereka
Mphesa zosiyanasiyana "Pervozvanny" anakhazikitsidwa ku Russia, mumzinda wa Novocherkassk, m'chigawo cha Rostov. Kusankhidwa kwa mtundu uwu wosakanizidwa unachitikira Krainov V.N.
Mofanana ndi mitundu yambiri yazinthu, "Choyamba Chotchedwa" chinayambitsidwa ndi VN Krainov. powoloka mphesa Chithumwa ndi Kishimishi chikuwoneka bwino. Kuwonjezera pa Novocherkassk, ikuyesedwanso kumwera kwa Belarus.
Dzanja la wofanana yemwenso ndi Blagovest, Victor ndi Angelica.
Maonekedwe
Chitsamba cha zosiyanasiyana ndi kwa amphamvu, mwamphamvu mitundu ya mphesa. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi oboepoly. Montepulciano, Julian ndi Tason amakhalanso ndi maluwa omwe amachititsa kuti azikhala ndi maluwa.
Zipatso mitundu Pervozvanny amber-woyera. Dzuŵa, zipatso zimakhala ndi mthunzi wa pinani. Mu kukula, lalikulu kapena lalikulu kwambiri, pafupifupi 27 mpaka 24 mm. Kulemera kwa mabulosi amodzi kumatha kufika 10g.
Mu mawonekedwe mphesa za ovoid, yokutidwa ndi zochuluka sera sera pachimake - pruino. Khungu, monga momwe amalitchulira, ndi lochepa thupi ndipo limadyedwa, thupi ndi labwino komanso lamadzi.
Ngakhale alimi ena amanena kuti nthawi zina Choyitanidwa Choyamba sichifika pamalo omwe adanena. Mavitaminiwo samakula kufika 10 g, khungu ndi lakuda, kuti wasiya asatenge.
Masango pamitunduyi ndi amodzi: 500-700 g payekha. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena osakanikirana. Kuthamanga kachulukidwe kachulukidwe. Palibe chodzala chachitidwa. Mphesa, monga momwe oledzera amavomereza, amakula bwino, pafupifupi kutalika konse kwa mphukira. Chabwino mizu ya cuttings.
Masamba pa Woyamba Kuitanidwa pafupifupi. Zimakhala zofanana ndi mtima. Kuchokera pakati kumapita masamba asanu. Mlingo wa kusamba kwa masamba ndi wosiyana. Mbali ya kumtunda kwa masamba imatulutsa makwinya, mbali ya pansiyo imakhala yopanda kanthu.
Chithunzi
Zotsatira zam'kalasi
Zosiyanasiyana Zozizwitsa limatanthawuza mtundu wa kusamba msanga. Nthawi yakucha yakucha kuyambira masiku 105 mpaka 115. Kumalo a Novocherkassk, amapereka zokolola kumapeto kwa July - oyambirira August. Pavulsky ayut, Lia ndi Krasny Delight amadziwikiranso ndi kuyamba koyambirira.
Kukonzekera kumapereka pamwamba. Kukoma kwa zipatso kumagwirizana. Shuga ya zipatsozi ndi 18-21%, acidity pamtunda wa 6-8 g / l. Chiwerengero cha mphukira zowonjezera za zosiyanasiyanazi ndi 60%, ndipo chiwerengero cha 1.0-1.3 chiwerengero. Katundu pa chitsamba ali pafupi 35-45 maso.
Pambuyo pa kutaya, chiwerengero cha mphukira chobiriwira sayenera kupitirira 30-35. Mphamvuyi imatengedwa ngati katundu wa maso 25-20. Mivi ya zipatso imadulidwa pa 6-10 maso. Pervozvanny amatha kupirira kutentha kutentha mpaka madigiri -23.
Kawirikawiri, Pervozvanny amaonedwa kuti ndi otsutsana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe ilibe matenda.
Kukhazikika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana poyerekezera ndi downy mildew ndi kuvunda kwa imvi kumayerekezera ndi mfundo 3.5-4. Kuwonongeka kwa oidium kumayerekezera ndi mfundo 3.5-4.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Zosiyanasiyana Zozizwitsa, monga momwe zinalembedwera pamwambapa, zimatsutsana ndi mildew, oidium ndi imvi zowola. Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti wolima sayenera kuteteza mphesa. Zovuta zotere monga anthracnose, bacteriosis, chlorosis, rubella kapena kansa ya bakiteriya nthawi zambiri amakhala alendo a minda ya mpesa.
Apatseni kukonzekera kwachilengedwe ndi mankhwala.. Mitundu ya tizilombo monga Trichodermine, Gaupsin, Actophyte ndi yothandiza kwambiri, koma ntchito yawo ndi yokwera mtengo. Mankhwala amachititsa nthawi yaitali, koma amachititsanso mavuto ena.
Mankhwala sayenera kukhala apamwamba kusiyana ndi kalasi yoyamba ya 2.
Nthawi zambiri, kulimbana ndi tizilombo ndi matenda kumayambira mu maluwa a mpesa. Kenaka chithandizo chochotseratu ndi njira ya 3% ya ferrous sulfate ikuchitika. Pofuna kuteteza tizilombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (mildew, oidium, imvi nkhungu), fungicides zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kwa dongosolo lingathe kutchulidwa Topaz, Kvadris, Ndi-leton - zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popewera.
Kuyankhulana kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene matendawa amapezeka. Choyamba muyenera kuchotsa dera lomwe likukhudzidwa, ndiyeno muzisamalira mankhwala a chitsamba.
Kuchita izi, zipangizo zoyenera monga Rovral, Blue-Bordeaux (Bordeaux fluid).
Kulimbana ndi minofu, kumverera ngati nthata, tsamba la masamba, mankhwala a Aktara, Decis-Profi, BI-58 ndi abwino. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa n'kotheka pamaso pa maluwa komanso ngati njira yothandizira. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njirazi makamaka dzuwa, nyengo yabwino, osayiwala njira zotetezera.
Kuwonjezera pa matenda a chikhalidwe omwe amakhudza mphesa, wolima amakhala ndi adani awiri: mavu ndi mbalame. Pakati pa tizilombo tingathe kusiyanitsa mavu. Amakonda kwambiri shuga, ndipo amapezeka komweko, osati m'munda wamphesa.
Nsapato sizowopsa ngati tizilombo tina - siziwononga tchire, koma zimawononga kwambiri zipatso. Nthawi zambiri amadya zamkati ndikuyesa kumwa madzi kuchokera ku zipatso. Nthawi zina, atapukuta mabulosi amodzi, amawapyoza mwapang'onopang'ono kuti mafinya awoneke. Patapita masiku angapo amabwerera ku "bodyag" iyi.
Njira zothana nazo zikhoza kukhala zosiyana. Nthawi zambiri vinyo wa vinyo anagwiritsa ntchito kuwonongeka kwa chiwombankhanga. Imodzi mwa njira zothandiza kwambiri ndi kuwononga mng'oma. Ngati iye sapezeka, ndiye kuti nyambo zimayikidwa pafupi ndi mipesa.
Mphesa isanayambe, nyongolotsi zimadya zakudya zamapuloteni. Chifukwa chake, alimi odziwa bwino amalangizidwa kuti apachike zidutswa za nsomba kapena nyama zomwe poyamba zidakonzedwa mu Imidacloprid. Pamene mphesa zimayamba kuphulika, ziwombankhanga zimatha kusokonezedwa nazo mothandizidwa ndi misampha ndi yankho lokoma. Mukhoza kuwonjezera uchi kapena shuga, komanso mankhwala Aktara kapena Regent.
Mankhwala angathe kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la boric acid. Pano tikuyenera kukumbukira kuti madontho sagwera pansi pa madzi. Choncho, ndibwino kuwonjezera sopo pang'ono pamadzi. Pali njira zambiri zaumunthu. Masango opanga akhoza kukulunga mu matumba a tulle kapena agrofiber.
Pulojekiti yotetezera imateteza zipatso ku mavu. Pachifukwa ichi, matumba a gauze ndi bwino kuti asasowe, chifukwa, akuwotha, amamatira ku zipatso. Makapu abwino kwambiri a caprone. Kuchokera ku mbalame ngati chitetezo kumatha kukhala ngati galasi pa tchire kapena phokoso, zomwe ziwopseza adani omwe ali ndi nthenga.
Mitengo ya mphesa ya Pervozvanny imatha kukula bwino kumadera akutali a Russia. Amamera mwamsanga, amapereka zokolola zazikulu. Ali ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi "mphesa", koma, monga mphesa zina zonse, zimafuna kusamala mosamala.
