Mitengoyi ndiyo mwinamwake nyama yofunikiranso kwambiri ya osankha bowa ambiri. Zikhoza kutchedwa kuti mfumu ya bowa, chifukwa sichimangokhala ndi maonekedwe ake okha, koma ndipamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti izi zitheke. Komanso, bowa zoyera zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza, zomwe zidzakambidwa pansipa.
Boletus kapena porcini bowa, kufotokoza
Bowa wonyezimira Ndizo za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa yomwe ili m'gulu la Borovik. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosiyana siyana zimakhudzidwa ndi kukula kwa zinthu, komabe ngakhale panthawi yovuta kwambiri, nthawizonse imakhalabe chimphona chokongola, makamaka motsatira mbiri ya achibale ake ena. Bowa wamatendawa ali ndi mwendo woyera, womwe umatha kufika masentimita 10 ndipo nthawi zambiri umakula mpaka 12-25 cm.
Pamwamba pamunsi (miyendo) imadzazidwa ndi mthunzi wa mthunzi wonyezimira, pamene chigoba chotchedwa convex cap (chomwe chimakhala chokhala ndi mamita 30 cm) poyamba chimadziwika ndi utoto wobiriwira, ndipo patapita kanthawi amakhala kansalu wofiirira. Mbali yapamwamba ya kapu ndi yosalala, ndipo m'munsi imamva ngati siponji ndi tiyi tochepa.
Mnofu wa bowa woyera ndi wandiweyani, ndipo ngati wadulidwa kapena wosweka, mkati mwa chiphuphu chidzakhala choyera. Bowa wathyoledwa adzakhala ndi fungo lokoma la bowa.
Ndikofunikira! Mbalameyi imakhala ndi "twin" wosasangalatsa, yomwe imatchedwa gall mushroom. Kufanana kwawo kwakukulu kukufotokozedwa ndi maganizo kwa banja limodzi la Boletovs. Gall bowa sizingatheke poizoni, komabe kukoma kwa mbale zophikidwa kumakhala kosawonongeka, chifukwa kumakhala kowawa kwambiri.
Mukamasonkhanitsa bowa woyera, nkofunikanso kuti muthe kusiyanitsa zakale ndizojambulazo. Choyamba, muyenera kumvetsera makapu ndi miyendo ya bowa yomwe imapezeka. Mnyamata wachinyamata, mwendo udzakhala kutupa m'munsi, pamene wakalewo ndi wamtali ndi wozungulira, uli ndi chikasu chobiriwira kapena chofiira.Pogwiritsa ntchito kapu, mu bowa wang'ono mbali yake ikhale yoyera, ndipo mu bowa wakale iyenera kukhala yachikasu. Komabe, sitiyenera kuiwala kuti mthunzi wa miyendo, ngati mtundu wa bowa wa boletus, makamaka amadalira malo omwe akukula.
Mwachitsanzo, m'nkhalango za spruce, kapu ya bowa yoyamba ndi yofiira, koma ukalamba umakhala wofiira, womwe suyenera kutchulidwa m'mafotokozedwe. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kubzala kwa birch kumapangitsa chipewa kukhala chofiirira, ndipo mitengo ya mtengo wamtengo wapatali imapereka mtundu wofiira, nthawi zambiri ndi kukhudza. Mwa njira, boletus ikukula pakati pa mitengo ikuluikulu, moyenerera imaonedwa kuti ndi yamununkhira kwambiri komanso yokoma.
Kodi bowa zoyera zikukula kuti ndi nthawi yowatenga?
Omwe amapezerapo bowa amadziwa bwino komwe angayang'anire, koma ngati muli atsopano ku bizinesiyi, choyamba, muyenera kumvetsa kuti bowa amatha kukhala m'mabanja omwe ali m'nkhalango. Ndiko kuti, mwamsanga mutapeza munthu woimira mitunduyo, yambani kufunafuna achibale ake pafupi naye.
Zina mwa zizindikiro za bowa zoyera, sangathe kulephera kusonyeza kusakonda kwake kwa mitengo yakuda yakuda. Choncho, nthawi zambiri borovikov kubisala udzu kunja kwa nkhalango, pamphepete kapena pakati mphukira ya mitengo.
Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, pofufuza mtundu wa nkhalango yomwe imatha kumera bowa woyera, muyenera kumvetsera anthu akuluakulu kapena nkhalango zakale ndi mazira ndi zitsamba zambiri, ngakhale kuti bowawa amamva bwino pamchenga, mchenga komanso mchenga.
Mukudziwa? Borovik imapezeka m'mayiko onse, ndipo malo okhawo omwe samakula ndi gawo la Australia.
Kuwonjezera pa kudziwa momwe malo omwe amachitira bowa amafotokozera, ndi bwino kudziwa ngati bowa zoyera zikukula, chifukwa miyezi ingapo sizingatheke kuyang'ana. Choncho, pafupifupi onse a boroviki amapezeka m'nkhalango kumayambiriro kwa July ndipo akhoza kuchitika mpaka pakati pa autumn.
M'nyengo yophukira, pamene usiku woyamba chisanu chikuoneka, pansi pa kuwala kwa dzuwa m'mawa munthu akhoza kupeza "crystal" yoyera bowa yomwe imadzaza ndi ayezi ambiri. Ngati bowa ili mu kanthawi kochepa, ndiye kuti ndibwino kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito, ngakhale kuti zowonongeka zimapezeka nthawi zambiri (chifukwa cha madzi okwanira ndi kubwereza mofulumira, zimangowonongeka mofulumira).
Ndikofunika kudziwa, ndi kuchuluka kwa bowa zoyera, monga oimira aang'ono omwe ali ndi zokonda kwambiri. Choncho, m'nyengo ya chilimwe ma boletus amafika akuluakulu masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi atatu (9), ndipo mu October nthawiyi idzawonjezeka kufika 9-15.
Zomwe zimayambitsa bowa woyera: kalori, phindu la zakudya, mavitamini ndi mchere
Mwinamwake mumadziwa kumene bowa zoyera zimakula, koma sikuti onse osankha bowa amadziwitsidwa za zinthu zopindulitsa zomwe zimapanga. Ndipotu, boletus - basi nyumba yosungiramo zothandiza mavitamini ndi mchere.
Manyowa owuma ali ndi 45% mapuloteni, 50% Zakudya komanso 3.4% mafuta. Kuonjezerapo, pa 100 g ya bowayi amaimira 89.4 g wa madzi, 2.3 g wa zakudya zamtenda, 0,9% phulusa.
Zina mwa zothandiza mavitamini (komanso pafupifupi 100 g) m'pofunika kudzipatula B1 (0.04 mg), B2 (0.3 mg), B3 (kapena PP - 5 mg), C (30 mg), E (0.63 mg). Gulu la macronutrients pankhaniyi limaphatikizapo potaziyamu (470 mg), magnesium (15 mg), phosphorous (90 mg), sodium (6 mg) ndi calcium (25 mg).
Tsatirani zinthu amadziwika ndi chitsulo (5.2 mg), manganese (0.23 mg), zinc (0.33 mg), fluorine (60 μg) ndi cobalt (6 μg). Komanso m'nyumba izi zimakhala polysaccharides, sulfure, lecithin ester komanso zambiri β-glucan.
Pafupifupi 100 g ya bowa woyera, pafupifupi makilogalamu 30, ndipo ali ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza.
Zofunikira za bowa zoyera
N'zosadabwitsa kuti mavitamini ochuluka ndi mavitamini opindulitsa amachititsa bowa woyera kukhala mlendo wolandiridwa m'dengu la mtola uliwonse, makamaka chifukwa chakuti achibale ake kawirikawiri (ziribe kanthu kaya ali oyera kapena mtundu wina) akhoza kudzitama.
Ngati tilingalira za bowa zoyera kuchokera kumalo opindulitsa, ndiye kuti, choyamba, tiyenera kutchula momwe zimakhalira kuti thupi lizikhala ndi thupi komanso lingaliro la kukwanira komwe limapereka. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi nyama, zomwe, monga bowa, zimakumbidwa kwa nthawi yaitali.
Kuwonjezera apo, sulfure ndi polysaccharides zomwe ziri mbali ya borovikov ndizoyenerera udindo wa othandizira polimbana ndi khansa. Sizinanso chinsinsi kuti machiritso amachiritsa machiritso, anti-infective ndi tonic effect.
Lecithin ether, yomwe imapezeka pa boronik iliyonse, imateteza cholesterol mu zotengerazo, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri kuti magazi asapitirire kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi komanso matenda a atherosclerosis. Ergothionein imalimbikitsa mchere watsopano, kupanga bowa zambiri (makamaka bowa zoyera) zothandiza kwambiri impso, chiwindi, maso ndi mafupa a anthu.
Musaiwale za phindu la β-glucan - carbohydrate, yomwe imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri ya antioxidant, yomwe imakhudza kwambiri chitetezo cha mthupi. Amateteza thupi la munthu ku mavairasi, khansa, mabakiteriya ndi bowa.
Mavitamini omwe amathandizira borovik, mwachitsanzo, B2 imakhudzidwa ndi zomwe zimachitika mu redox ndipo zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino omwe amawoneka ndi analyzer. Kuchuluka kwake kochepa m'thupi kumayambitsa kuphwanya malo a khungu, mucous membrane, komanso masomphenya owala.
Vitamini C imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kayendetsedwe ka chitetezo cha mthupi ndipo imalimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa chitsulo. Kuperewera kwa chigawochi kumayambitsa kukhetsa magazi ndi kutuluka magazi, komanso kungayambitsenso magazi m'mimba (chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kuperewera kwa magazi).
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale bowa woyera ali ndi mapuloteni abwino, chitin amapezeka mushroom mwatsopano kwambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito bowa zisanayambe zouma, chifukwa pakadali pano, kuyamwa kwa mapuloteni kumafikira 80%.
Kugwiritsa ntchito bowa woyera mu mankhwala
Kutchulidwa kwa bowa woyera ndi kufotokoza kwawo mwachidule kungapezeke mu annals zaka zapitazo. Motero, ku Russia, m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu, nyama yotchedwa boletus inagwiritsidwa ntchito monga njira yothetsera kunja kwa chisanu, ndipo ku Germany izo zinali zothandiza pochiza khansara ya khungu.
Masiku ano, osati madokotala okha, komanso anthu omwe amakonda "kusaka bowa" amaganiza za machiritso a bowa zoyera, zomwe zimatsutsana ndi zotupa ndi anti-sclerotic effect, zotsatira zowonongeka, anti-tumor properties ndi kupweteka kwa angina.
Boroviki amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa mtundu uliwonse wa matenda a mtima ischemic, matenda a mitsempha (thrombosis ndi thrombophlebitis), komanso kuonjezera mphamvu za chitetezo cha mthupi ndi mphamvu ya thupi pambuyo pa matenda opatsirana kale, poizoni kapena kuvulala. Komanso, kugwiritsira ntchito bowa woyera kumatetezedwa kuti tipewe khansa komanso kupewa njira yothetsera vutoli.
Masiku ano, pamakhala maphikidwe ambiri a mankhwala, zomwe zimaphatikizapo bowa, omwe amadziŵika kuti ndi oyera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mitsempha, mavitamini kapena kuti adye, atatha kukonza zokoma, ngakhale kuti ndibwino kuphika timadzi timene timachokera ku boletus.
Ndikofunikira! Pakati pa chithandizo cha kutentha, zinthu zamoyo zomwe zimagwira ntchito zamkati zimayamba kusweka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mudzatha kusunga mankhwala a mankhwalawo pokhapokha ngati mutachepetsa nthawi yotseka kapena yotentha.Nazi zitsanzo za maphikidwe otchuka kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito boletus.
Choyamba, bowa zoyera ziyenera kuonedwa ngati mthandizi wabwino pamtima, monga muli ndi alkaloid Hercynine, yogwiritsidwa ntchito mu angina pectoris, mtima wosalimba komanso matenda oopsa.
Pofuna kupeza machiritso, mukhoza kuphika zotsatirazi kulowetsedwa: 2 tbsp. supuni za bowa zouma ziyenera kutsanulidwa ndi galasi la vodka ndikuumirira m'malo amdima kwa sabata imodzi. Zotsatirazi zimatenga supuni 1 2-3 pa tsiku mpaka kuchira.
Kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino, mukhoza kuchepetsa mankhwala osakaniza ndi madzi, koma musanagwiritse ntchito. Chida chomwecho ndi chofunika kwambiri pa chithandizo cha ululu wamodzi. Muyenera kupanga compress komanso kukulunga ndi nsalu yotentha.
Monga njira ina tinctures Chopped bowa zamkati amaikidwa mu kapu ya galasi, kutsanulira ndi vodka ndikusungidwa pamalo amdima kwa milungu iwiri.
Pambuyo pake, kulowetsedwa kumasankhidwa ndikukakamizika, kumatenga ngati theka la ola usanadye chakudya kawiri patsiku (supuni ya tiyi ya tincture ndi bwino kuchepetsedwa mu mulu wa madzi owiritsa). Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi masiku khumi, koma ngati kuli kotheka, mukhoza kubwereza pambuyo pa sabata.
Pochiza matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito, kulowetsedwa kumatengedwa mu supuni ya mphindi 15 usanadye chakudya chamadzulo ndi supuni mu kotala la ola chakudya chamadzulo. Nthawi ya chithandizo ndi mwezi umodzi, ndipo, monga momwe zinalili kale, ikhoza kubwerezedwa pambuyo pa sabata.
Pogwiritsa ntchito angina pectoris, amalangizidwa kuti adye supuni imodzi ya minced yaiwisi ya bowa zoyera 30 musanadye katatu patsiku, kupitilira maphunziro kwa masabata awiri.
Palinso maphikidwe ena apadera ochiritsira ndi boletus. Mwachitsanzo kulimbikitsa ndi kubwezeretsa tsitsi Bowa zouma (supuni 1) zimadutsa mu chopukusira nyama ndi mafuta ena a masamba (bwino kuposa azitona kapena burdock) amawonjezeredwa kwa iwo, pambuyo pake phokoso lija limagwiritsidwa ntchito ku tsitsi ndi kusungunuka mosamala mu mizu.
Pambuyo pa mphindi 15, mutha kusamba ndi madzi ofunda. Ndondomekoyi imabwerezedwa patsikuli ndifupipafupi kawiri pa sabata.
Mukudziwa? Bowa wonyezimira ndilo gawo loyamba la zakudya zopangira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mungadye popanda kuyambanso kukonza.
Zowononga katundu wa bowa woyera ndi contraindications
Pofuna kudziwa zomwe bowa zoyera ndizomwe zili, zimakhala zofunikira kutchula zotsutsana ndi ntchito yake. Si chinsinsi kuti pafupifupi bowa lonse, kuphatikizapo azungu, ndi a sorbent amphamvu a chilengedwe omwe amamwa mankhwala ambiri oopsa (mwachitsanzo, radioactive cesium, cadmium, lead, mercury ndi strontium).
Pa chifukwa ichi, sizowonongeka kuti musonkhanitse bowa pafupi ndi misewu yambiri ndi mafakitale, chifukwa mmalo mwa kukhala abwino, amangovulaza thanzi lanu.
Kuonjezera apo, musamapatse bowa kwa ana, chifukwa zaka 12 mpaka 14 za m'mimba mwa munthu wamng'ono sangathe kuthana ndi chimbudzi cha bowa chifukwa sichiyenera kutero.
Nthawi zina, kusagwirizana kwa mankhwalawa kungakhaleko, koma mumaphunzira za izi mwazomwe mumakumana nazo kapena poyesa mayesero oyenera kuposa momwe anthu ambiri amanyoza.
Onse ayenera kutsatira chiyeso. Choncho, ngakhale kudziwa bowa zoyera "pankhope", pokhala ndi chitsimikizo momwe zimakulira komanso kumene mungapeze mavitamini apamwamba, musamafulumire kulumphira. Kumbukirani kuti pali anthu ambiri ovulaza m'chilengedwe, choncho, m'pofunikira kuyandikira bwino mwanzeru kukatenga bowa.
