Aconite - herbaceous osatha chomera cha mtundu wa buttercups, ndi molunjika zimayambira. Ali ndi maluwa osazolowereka, kawirikawiri amakhala obiriwira, amakhala oyera komanso achikasu. Aconite blooms mu July, inflorescences yake amafanana lupine maluwa. Pafupi mitundu yonse ya aconite ndi yoopsa.
Aconite mkulu (Aconite exelsum)
Malo otentha a aconite amapezeka m'nkhalango za Russia, kum'mwera kwa Siberia komanso m'mapiri a ku Central Asia. Mitunduyi imakula mpaka mamita awiri, imakhala ndi mphamvu zowonjezera ndi zowona. Zimayambira ndizolunjika, zimasindikizidwa ndi zaka zambiri. Masamba akulu amagawidwa m'magulu angapo a mawonekedwe a diamondi. Aconite limamasula kwambiri kapena kumenyana kwambiri, monga imatchulidwa ndi anthu, kumapeto kwa June - July.
Mitundu yotchedwa Racemes inflorescences yofiira-imvi maluwa, inflorescence mpaka theka la mita. Chomera ndi mesophyte, sichiwopa mthunzi, umafuna nthaka yochepetsetsa komanso yowonjezera. Zonsezi zimapezeka mmizu komanso pamwamba.
Mukudziwa? Aconite kwa nthawi yaitali mankhwala akale ogwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala. Wamasayansi wina wachiroma Pliny the Elder analemba m'mabuku ake kuti aconite ndi masoka achilengedwe, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala, mwinamwake chomeracho chidzaphedwa mmalo mwa chithandizo.
Aconite Wolf (Aconitum lycoctonum)
M'chilengedwe, nkhandwe ya aconite imakula kum'mwera kwa Siberia, mbali ya Ulaya ya Russia ndi m'mayiko a kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Izi ndi zosatha ndi mizu yamphamvu. Nkhumba ya aconite ikukula ngati piramidi kapena piritsi, kutalika kwa mbeu kumakhala masentimita 70. Masamba a masambawa amatambasulidwa, amafesedwa pa petioles. Aconite limamasula mu July - kumayambiriro kwa August, pachimake chimatha kuposa mwezi umodzi. Maluwa oyera kapena achikasu amasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu ngati bulush. Chomeracho chakhala chikulima kuyambira 1590.
Nchifukwa chiyani chomera chotchedwa mmbulu, nkhandwe yotchedwa aconite ndi chiyani? Mwina dzinali ndi chifukwa chakuti udzu unkagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa mimbulu. Mu nthawi yanjala, zinyama, kugwera m'magulu akuluakulu, zinabweretsa mavuto ambiri kwa anthu. Mwina chifukwa cha mkulu wa poizoni wa zomera: alkaloids omwe amapangidwa ndi aconite, amachita mchitidwe wamanjenje, amachititsa kuti vutoli liwonongeke, liwonongeke pakati pa kupuma.
Aconite kukwera (Aconitum volubile)
Kuthamanga kwa aconite kumakonda amalima owala maluwa okongoletsera. Kutchire, ndizofala ku East Asia, Korea ndi Siberia. Mwamba, mpaka mamita awiri, chomeracho chili ndi nthambi zolimba komanso zamphamvu. Mapulotoni a aconite ajambula, masamba obiriwira a mdima wobiriwira. M'kupita kwake, zimayambira kufika mamita anai. Aconite limamasula kumayambiriro kwa August ndipo limamasula kwa masiku 50. The inflorescences ndi yaitali ndi lalikulu, mpaka mamita kutalika. Mu aconite kukwera maluwa lalikulu wakuda buluu.
Ndikofunikira! Chithandizo choyamba kwa poizoni wa aconite ndiko kutsuka m'mimba ndi madzi amchere kapena njira yothetsera potassium permanganate, pulogalamu yowonjezera (piritsi limodzi pa kg khumi ya kulemera kwa odwala). Zochita izi ndizoyambirira, kotero muyenera kuyitanitsa ambulansi kuti muyambe mankhwala oyenera poizoni.
Aconite arcuate (Aconitum arcuatum)
Aconite amatha kulekerera mthunzi, kukongoletsa ndi wosakhala ndi poizoni. Mu chilengedwe, imakula ku Far East. Chomera ndi herbaceous, kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu ndi kudzichepetsa mu kulima ndi kusamalira. Mitengo ya aconite imakula pamtunda uliwonse, ilibe matenda.
Zosangalatsa Mayambi a aconite ndi otsutsana: nthano zakale zachi Greek zimanena kuti aconite inakula kuchokera ku dontho la Cerberus, ndipo anthu a ku Scandinavians amakhulupirira kuti aconite inakula kuchokera m'magazi a Thor, amene anamwalira pankhondo ndi njoka yoopsa.
Chovala cha aconite (Aconitum napellus)
Mitundu imeneyi imapezeka m'mayiko onse a ku Ulaya, yogwiritsidwa ntchito zokongoletsera. Aconite klobuchkovy - osatha, chomera kutalika kufika mamita limodzi ndi theka. Izi ndi aconite ndizoopsa. Chomeracho chimabereka ndi tubers, pamene tuber yatsopano imakula, yakale imafa. Akuwombera molunjika ndi masamba olekanitsidwa tsamba.
Dzina lake aconite amalandira chifukwa cha maluwa, ngati ofesi (chovala chamutu cha monki). The inflorescences ndi wamtali, odzazidwa ndi maluwa okongola a buluu. Bloom aconite pachimake m'nyengo yozizira. Zipatso zambiri ndi mbewu zambiri. Mitundu yotchuka: "Newrv Blue" ndi maluwa okongola a buluu ndi "Carneum" - maluwa a pink beige. Mitundu yonseyi ndi yaitali.
Aconite motley (Aconitum variegatum)
Mitundu imeneyi imakula m'chigawo cha Ulaya cha Russia ndi ku Ulaya. Osatha kuswana tubers. Mmerawo ndi wamtali, mpaka mamita imodzi ndi theka, ndi mapesi owongoka. Tsamba la aconite variegated mu magawo asanu ndi awiri. Lekani mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. The inflorescences ndi yaitali, otayirira, kuphatikiza mu burashi. Kuphulika kwa aconite variegated kuyambira July kwa mwezi, maluwa a mthunzi wabuluu. Chomeracho chagwiritsidwa ntchito mminda kuyambira 1584.
Aconite antidote (Aconitum anthora)
M'chilengedwe, mankhwala a aconite amapezeka ku Mongolia ndi ku Siberia. Chomeracho chimakonda malo amdima, steppes ndi otsetsereka. Aconite ali ndi molunjika, imayambira yomwe ili pamtunda wammwamba, pansi pa masamba omwe amafa. Tsinde lamaphimbidwa ndi apulosi ochepa kwambiri pafupi ndi inflorescence. Masamba ndi aakulu komanso otalika, mpaka masentimita asanu ndi awiri, amakula pa petioles. Mtengo wa aconite ndi chomera chaka ndi chaka, pambuyo pa maluwa, chitsamba chimamwalira, chimawonjezeka ndi tubers kapena mbewu. Pa nthawi yaitali fluffy inflorescences pachimake chikasu maluwa. Aconite antidote imamera kumapeto kwa July - oyambirira a August.
Chenjerani! Mitunduyi imakhala ndi kukula kochepa, kukula kwake kumafuna nthaka yathanzi ndi yonyowa.
North Aconite (Aconitum septentrionale)
Aconite kumpoto amatha kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi theka, dziko lakwawo limatengedwa kukhala kum'mwera kwa Siberia ndi madera okwera a Central Asia. Chomeracho chili ndi phesi lophwanyidwa, lochepa kwambiri, lokhazikika ndi lachimanga, losindikizira kumtunda. Masamba amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 30, palmate, amagawidwa mu magawo asanu kapena asanu ndi awiri. Mitengo ya aconite imakhala yofiira kuchokera ku buluu mpaka yofiirira. Mphukira mu July, mutatha maluwa amapanga timapepala ndi mbewu. Mizu ndi yosangalatsa, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya aconite ya kumpoto umodzi mizu. North Aconite imabzala mbewu.
Aconite Fisher (Aconitum fischeri)
Dziko la aconite Fisher - Far East. Kuonekera kwa Grassy, kumakula mamita oposa theka ndi theka. Amagawanika m'mabotolo osakanikirana komanso osakanikirana. Zimayambira bwino, nthambi, masamba ndi owopsa komanso cozier, mbalezo zimagawidwa m'magulu angapo. Mitundu imeneyi imamera kwa nthawi yaitali - kuyambira June mpaka September. Maluwawo ndi ofiira, buluu amatha kukhala obiriwira komanso mosiyana, malingana ndi malo okhalamo.
Mitambo ya aconite yosagwira ntchito (Aconitum lasiostomum)
Mitengo ya aconite yosagwira - kuyang'ana kosatha. Amakula m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, ndipo amakonda nkhalango zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ali ndi phesi lolunjika pamtunda wamtali. Masamba apansi ali ndi malire ofooka, ataliatali a petioles ndi masamba a masamba - mpaka masentimita khumi, ali ndi mapewa ozungulira. Mitundu yotchedwa Racemes inflorescences mpaka 35 cm m'litali. Aconite limamasula mu July ndi maluwa achikasu kapena achikasu. Chomera chomera chophimba pansi. Pambuyo maluwa, timapepala timatsuka ndi mbeu.
Kukonzekera kwa malo, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri ya aconite, onse ndi odzichepetsa komanso okongoletsera. Mitengo ya aconites idzawongolera bwino maluwa a maluwa ndipo idzaphatikizidwa ndi maluwa owala kwambiri omwe ali ndi maluwa aakulu kwambiri mu inflorescence; aconites akukonda chinyezi pafupi ndi zida zopangira zida zooneka bwino, pamphepete mwa munda wamtundu ngati chophimba.
