Coleria ndi maluwa omwe amadziwika kwambiri m'kati mwa maluwa, chifukwa chisamaliro sichivuta, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo chomera ndi chimodzi mwa zokongola kwambiri za zolengedwa zina zokongoletsera.
Werengani zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa kulima chomera ichi, ndizo: nthaka yofunikira, kutentha, zinthu zothirira, kusiyana ndi manyowa. Momwe mungasamalire m'nyengo yozizira. Momwe mungafalitsire maluwa, komanso kuphunzira za matenda ndi tizilombo toononga zomwe tikuyenera kuziwopa.
Zizindikiro za kukula
Ground
Coleria imasankha nthaka yofewa, yowala komanso yowonjezera nthawi zonse. Mukhoza kugula gawo la Gesneriaceae mu sitolo yapadera, makamaka kwa Saintpaulia, kapena mukhoza kukonzekera nokha. Kuti muchite izi, m'pofunika kusakaniza mofanana ndi zigawo zotsatirazi: humus, mchenga wambiri, nkhuni ndi masamba.
Kuunikira ndi malo
Koleria ndi chomera chomwe chimakonda kuwala, koma panthawi imodzimodzi ndizofunika kupewa kuwala kwa dzuwa pamaluwa ake ndi masamba, chifukwa Iwo ndi ofatsa kwambiri ndipo akhoza kutha, kotero kuti muwunikire bwino, muyenera kuyika chomera kumene kuwala kumwazikana. Kuchita izi, kumagwira bwino mawindo akumadzulo kapena kummawa kwa nyumbayo. Ndipo kuyika pawindo la kumpoto, mungathe kukwaniritsa kukula kwake, koma osati maluwa. Ngati simungathe kuunikira, chomeracho sichitha pachimake., masamba ake adzakhala opota komanso otumbululuka.
Ngati njuchi ikukula kumadera akum'mwera, kumene dzuŵa limakhala loopsa kwambiri, ndiye kuti muyenera kumvetsera malo ake. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti musayikitse ma radiator, chifukwa pali chinyezi chochepa.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati chomeracho sichilowa mu mpumulo (izi zimachitika m'nyengo yozizira), e.g. sanataya masamba ake, ndiye, mwinamwake, sakonda kuunikira, ndipo ndiyenera kusamalira izi.
Kutentha
Kutentha kwapamwamba kwa kukula kwazitali ndi kosavuta - madigiri 20-25, imalimbikitsanso kutentha (mpaka madigiri 30).
Koma nthawi zina kutentha kotereku mavuto angabwere ngati mawonekedwe a nthaka akuwonjezeka, chifukwa cha madzi ochulukirapo omwe zomera sichimakonda kwambiri. Ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kumayenera kuchepetsedwa kufika madigiri 15-17, koma osachepera, akadali chomera chotentha.
Ndifunikanso kutsegula bwino chipinda: ichi chomera sichilola kulemba, kachiwiri, chifukwa maluwa ake ndi masamba ake ndi osakhwima kwambiri.
Mulimonsemo simungachoke ku koleiya pamatentha otsekedwa mu chipinda chosatsekedwa. Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti pali mtsinje waung'ono wa mpweya wabwino ndi kuwala kosiyana.
Kuthirira
Coleria imafuna madzi okwanira mu kasupe ndi chilimwe. Ndikoyenera kuchita izi ndi madzi ofunda omwe atha kukhazikika masiku angapo kamodzi, pomwe mthunzi wapamwamba wa dziko lapansi wouma, ndi kuthirira pansi, chifukwa madzi a masamba ndi maluwawo amawakhudza kwambiri.
Kuthirira kumachitika pafupifupi 1 nthawi mu masiku asanu ndi awirichifukwa Coterium imakhala yotetezeka kwambiri m'nthaka, yomwe ingayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana. M'nyengo yophukira, kuchuluka kwa madzi pa kuthirira kumachepa pang'ono, ndipo potsiriza, pamene chomera chimayamba nthawi yopumula, m'pofunika kuthirira madzi osachepera.
Chinyezi
Chinyezi, ichi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwazi, zomwe mukamakula kukula kolerii muyenera kusamala kwambiri. Ngati chipinda chomwe chilipo, kutentha kumatuluka, m'pofunika kuwonjezera chinyezi. Choncho pa madigiri 20-25 chinyezi chiyenera kukhala osachepera 30%, ichi ndicho mtengo wochepa womwe kukula kwakukulu kudzatsimikiziridwa.
Kupaka pamwamba
Kupaka zovala zapamwamba ziyenera kuchitika kuyambira mwezi wa April kufikira mwezi wa Oktoba, ndizofunika kwambiri kuzichita kumapeto kwa nyengo, pamene chomera chikuyamba kukula. Zamagulu ndi feteleza feteleza kwa zomera za banja la Gesneria ndizofunikira pazomwe zili. Ndibwino kuti manyowa amere kamodzi pa sabata.
Panthawi imene zomerazo zili mu mpumulo, palibe chifukwa choyenera kuvala.
Zima
M'nyengo yozizira, pali mpumulo wa kolerii, pomwe mbewuyo ikupeza mphamvu zatsopano. Mu kolerii mbali yomwe ili pamwambayi imauma, kenako mphukira zakufa ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Panthawi imeneyi, maluwawo ayenera kukhala bwino bwino ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 15-17.
Koma zimakhalanso kuti nyengo yozizira imakhala yosadziwonetsera yokha: mphukira zatsopano zikhoza kuwonekera pamaso pa anthu akale akufa kapena sazichita. Ngati mphukira yakale sumauma, musawagwire, yokhazikika komanso yayikulu kwambiri.
Panthawi imeneyi, mutha kuyatsa kuwala: perekani nyali pamwamba pa chomera, koma musayambe kuposa 50 cm. Muyeneranso kuthirira kaleria, koma osati nthawi zambiri. Ndikokwanira kuyang'anitsitsa pamene chimbudzi chimalira.
Kupanga Bud
Nthawi ya maluwa a Corelia imayamba mu July ndipo imatha mu November. Ndipo, kuti apange maluwawo, omwe sangathe kuchita, izi ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa:
- Ikani maluwa pamalo okongola.
- Pewani kudyetsa dothi, mwachitsanzo. madzi okwanira nthawi yake.
- Phika sayenera kukhala yaying'ono ndipo si yaikulu kwambiri.
- Kuchotsa mphukira zazikulu ndi zazikulu.
- Kupereka nthaka yautomoni.
Palemba. Simukuyenera kudikirira nthawi yomweyo chaka choyamba. Peduncles amawonekera pa zomera zokha ziwiri ndi zitatu zokha.
Kupanga korona ndi korona
Mapangidwe a korona ndi ofunikira kuoneka kokongola kwa mbewu. Kuti mukwaniritse izi, muyenera kuchotsa mphukira zowonjezereka komanso zamaluwa, zomwe zatha ndipo zikuyamba kuuma.
Izi kudulira kumathandiza kuti masamba atsopano aziwoneka mochuluka komanso mochuluka. Ngati simukupanga korona, chomeracho chimasandulika kukhala ampel, chifukwa mphukira zake zimayamba kugwa.
Kuwaza
Koleria ndi chomera chomwe chiyenera kuikidwa chaka chilichonse, chifukwa nthawi zonse zomera zimakhala bwino, zidzakula mofulumira komanso molimbika. Kubwezera duwa bwino mphika wofanana mofanana ndi wakalewo, koma pang'ono pang'ono.
Gawo lapansi ladothi - limakonzedweratu. Ndikofunikira kuti muzitha kuika kabichi kuryeria pamene mizu yake imayendetsedwa ndi dothi ladothi, ndipo ngati izi zichitika, sipadzakhalanso mavuto panthawiyi: zidzangokhalira kusamutsira nsalu yowongokayi ku mphika watsopano yomwe mkonziyo wakonzedwa kale.
Kwa chomera chachikulu, gawo lapansi likonzekera motere:
Nthaka ziwiri zomaliza;- Pepala limodzi la magawo 1;
- 0,5 mbali ya mchenga.
Nthaka ziwiri zomaliza;Mungathebe izi:
- Gawo limodzi la mchenga ndi nthaka ya humus;
- Zidutswa zitatu za nthaka ya sod;
- Mapepala awiri.
Timaganiziranso kuti chomeracho sichikonda chinyezi chochulukirapo, choncho makala amatha kuwonjezeredwa ku zigawozo. Pansi mumayenera kupanga ngalande ndi mabowo kutsanulira madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Pokonzekera gawo la achinyamata a koles, nthaka siidaphatikizidwe.
Kuswana
Cuttings
Ndi kubereka kotereku, muyenera kudula mbali yapamwamba ya mphukira ndikuiika mumchenga kapena kusakaniza mchenga ndi hardwood (mu chiwerengero cha 1: 1). Nthaka, musanaphimbe ndi galasi, muzitha kuchepetsa. Kenaka muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti zokolola zochuluka za cuttings siziyamba kuvunda pansi pa galasi.
Zomwe zimapangidwira mizu zimatha kuthamanga ngati zikuchitiridwa ndi zozizwitsa zapadera. ndi kutentha pansi pa thanki ndi cuttings. Zigawo zonsezi zimachitika pakatha masabata awiri, kenako nyongolosi yamtunduwu ikhoza kuikidwa mu mphika wosiyana ngati chomera chokha.
Kuchokera pa vidiyoyi mudzaphunzira momwe mungayamire Coleria ndi cuttings:
Mbewu
Kufalitsa ndi mbewu ziyenera kuchitika kuchokera pakati pa dzinja mpaka kumapeto kwake.
- Mbewu imayikidwa mu mbale ndipo sinafikidwe pamtunda, ndikutsanulira ndi madzi ndikuphimbidwa ndi galasi.
- Miphika yomwe ili nawo iyenera kusungidwa m'chipinda ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 20-24 komanso tsiku lililonse mpweya wokwanira mpaka mphukira ituluke.
- Kenaka, mbande zimayikidwa mu chotengera chimodzi pamtunda wa mchenga ndi nthaka (2: 1), ndipo akamakula ndikukula, amafunika kuziika m'miphika osiyana (masentimita 7).
Kukonzekera kwa gawo lapansi kuti muzikapaka miphika payekha: magawo awiri a nthaka yowonongeka, 0,5 sod, gawo limodzi la mchenga ndi nthaka ya peat.
Gawo la rhizomes
- Dothili liyenera kugawidwa m'magulu atatu ndi mpeni, ndipo chidutswa chilichonse chosiyana chiyenera kubzalidwa mumphika, komwe nthaka yayamba kale.
- Nthendayi imayikidwa ndi masentimita 2-3 pansi, ndipo madzi amatha kutentha ndi madzi ozizira.
Njira yopangira duwa ndi imodzi mwa zosavuta.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Koleriya - modzichepetsa kwambiri, kufuna kuti zinthu zikhale mosavuta, ngati mukusamala. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo ndi chomera chosakhwima kwambiri, ndipo ngati sichiyendetsedwa bwino, maonekedwe ake sangakhale okongola.
- Ngati coloniyo sichimasintha kwa nthawi yaitali, ndiye kuti muyenera kumvetsera ndi kuyatsa.
- Ngati zimayambira ndi masamba kukhala opandaulesi, muyenera kuchotsa mphukira zakula ndikusintha gawolo.
- Ngati masamba ali chikasu, mpweya umakhala wobiriwira ndipo pali feteleza zochuluka m'nthaka.
- Ngati masamba ndi masamba akuyamba kugwa, muyenera kudyetsa gawo lapansi.
- Masamba achikasu pa mawanga akuwotcha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti dzuwa liyenera kutetezedwa.
- Madontho oyera pa masamba amawonekera kokha ngati chinyezi chikafika pa iwo, kotero mulimonsemo musayesedwe.
- Ngati masamba azipiringa, ndiye kuti mukufunika kuwonjezera chinyezi ndikuyang'ana kutentha.
- Pankhani ya phokoso ndi kupuma, muyenera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuwala. Izi zimachitika pamene maluwa aikidwa pawindo la kumpoto.
- Mawanga amdima pamasamba amawonekera chifukwa cha madzi okwanira, osati madzi okhazikika.
Kufotokozera ndi zithunzi za mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu mu chisamaliro cha izi kapena mitundu yosiyanasiyana, chifukwa sizomera zopanda nzeru. Ndipo mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya wamaluwa ndiwo mitundu yotsatirayi.
Fluffy Flower
Chizoloŵezi chofanana, chodziwika ndi masamba okongola omwe ali ndi mitsempha pakati, ndi pansi pake. Pamene mukukula Fluffy maluwa osiyanasiyana mukhoza kufika 5 masentimita.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa mitundu ina kumaonekera kale kuchokera ku mawonekedwe a Mphukira: ndi lofiira kwambiri kapena lalanje, ndipo, atatsegula, limasonyeza mgulidwe wake.
Chabwino
Mitundu imeneyi imatha kufika masentimita 60 m'litali, nthawi yaitali, masamba akuluakulu a mthunzi wobiriwira ndi mitsempha yofiira.
Maluwa ndi ochepa kwambiri, koma amakhala ndi pinki yokongola. Pamphupi pamakhala chithunzi cha speck.
Bogotskaya
Kutalika kwazitali kwa izi zosiyanasiyana ndichepera mamita 0,5. Masambawa ndi aakulu, oboola-maonekedwe ndi mdima; Kunja, maluwa ndi ofiira kapena alanje, ndipo mkati mwake muli pafupifupi chikasu. Mawanga a khungu pamagulu ndi mbali ya gulu ili.
Trubkotsvetkovaya
Kutalika, chomera ichi chikhoza kufika masentimita 40 okha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zogwirizana ndi zitsanzo zapakatikati. Maluwa ndi osiyana chifukwa amatsuka kwambiri ndipo alibe chiwalo. Maluwa okongola ofiira amamangidwa bwino ndi masamba obiriwira.
Mukhoza kupeza zambiri zokhudza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Coleria m'nkhani ina.
Kutsiliza
Koleriya ndi zokongoletsera za nyumba yanu, pambali pake chomeracho chimatsuka bwino mlengalenga kuchokera ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopanda pake ndi fumbi, opanda vuto lililonse kwa ana, anthu omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu komanso zinyama. Ngati malingalirowa akuyang'aniridwa bwino, kuphatikizapo kutsatira malamulo onse, nthawi zonse amakusangalatsani ndi maonekedwe ake okongola komanso okongola.
