Wowonjezera kutentha - malo abwino kwambiri polima tsabola. Ndi mwa iye kuti n'zotheka kupanga zinthu zabwino kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri.
Tiyeni tiyang'ane pazithunzi zonse za tsabola: kubzala ndi kusamalira mu wowonjezera kutentha, njira zowonjezera ndikupeza zokolola zabwino.
Kodi chodzala?
Chisankho chosiyana ndi chimodzi mwa zofunikira Mkhalidwe wa kulima chikhalidwe mu malo otentha. Si mitundu yonse yomwe ili yoyenera kutseka. Amakula bwinobwino mu greenhouses zinyama, chifukwa amatha kupewa matenda, kudzipukuta mungu komanso kudzichepetsa. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ali ndi zokolola zambiri.
Mitundu yovomerezeka ya Alesya, Kubik, Golden, Troika, Othello, Victoria, Chikondi. Tsabola watsopano kwa nthawi yaitali ndi bwino kudzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masiku okhwima.
Pa webusaiti yathu mukhoza kuphunzira za mitundu ina ya tsabola: Chile, Cayenne, nandolo, tsabola woyera, Jalapeno, Atlas, Habanero.
Mbewu yokonzekera mmera
Kodi kudzala tsabola chifukwa cha wowonjezera kutentha? Kufesa kumachitika pakati pa mwezi wa February - oyambirira March. Mbewuyi imakhala ndi nyengo yotalika kwambiri pa nyengo yokula, choncho imayamba kufesa kale kuposa masamba ena.
Zojambula kapena makapu zimakonzedwa kufesa. Ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi malo amodzi okhaokha, chifukwa mizu imakhala yofooka ndipo salola kulemba. Ngati mubzala mu bokosi limodzi, ndiye kuti mutapanga masamba awiri, muyenera kupanga kusankha.
Mbewu imatetezedwa mwachindunji mu yankho la magawo makumi anayi pa zana limodzi. potaziyamu permanganate Mphindi 30, kenako atakulungidwa mu nsalu kuti akudodometse. Pambuyo masiku 4-5, mbewu zimayikidwa mu chisakanizo cha mchenga, dziko lapansi ndi humus. Zidazo zili ndi zojambulazo ndipo zimayikidwa pamtentha.
Ngati wowonjezera kutentha ndikutentha, mbande ingabzalidwe mwachindunji. Zolinga zamakono zatsopano mizere ya microwavesposachedwa anawonekera pa kugulitsa. Mizu muzikhalidwezi ziri mu chipolopolo chayekha, chomwe chiri ndipadera za kudzipatula ku zotsatira za malo akunja.
Mwa njira zachikhalidwe zambiri zitha kuzindikiridwa peat miphika. Mukasinthidwa pansi, zomera sizimachotsedwa, zomwe zimatanthauza kuti mizu siidapweteke. Palinso njira yokula mu matumba apulasitiki odzaza ndi dziko lapansi.
Mu gawo la masamba awiri, mbande zimadyetsedwa ndi mchere feteleza. Kudyetsa kachiwiri kumachitika patatha masiku 20.
Iyo ikamera kufika masentimita 15, imatsitsa masamba apamwamba. Pambuyo pake, chitsamba amayamba nthambi chifukwa cha mapangidwe ofananira nawo mphukira.
Chikhalidwe chofunikira chokula mbande ndi chake kuumitsa. M'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kuigwira kunja ndikuisunga mumthunzi, kutsekedwa kuchokera pazithunzi.
Mukakulira mu wowonjezera kutentha, mukufunikira nthawi zonse kuthamanga masana.
Kubzala mbande
Pepper ikufunira mu zakudya zogwiritsira ntchito zakudya komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Amakonzekera nthaka kuti isadakalipo, kukumba, kuwonjezera humus kapena kompositi, phosphate potaziyamu feteleza.
ZOFUNIKA. Masabata awiri musanayambe kuziika, ikani iyo mwachindunji ku wowonjezera kutentha kwa kusintha.
Nthaŵi yobzala imadalira mpweya kutentha ndi digiri ya kukonzekera kwa zomera. Mbeu ziyenera kukhala ndi masiku 60, kukula kwa tchire kukhale 25 masentimita. Zomera zowonongeka zimakhala ndi tsinde lakuda, zazikulu, zonyezimira. Mlengalenga kutentha mu wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kukhala osachepera madigiri 16 usiku.
Kuchuluka kwake kumadalira zosiyanasiyana. Kufalikira, kukwera pamtunda wa 35-40 masentimita pakati pa wina ndi mzake, ndi yochepa, yaying'ono - pamasentimita 20-30. Pachitsamba chilichonse kukonzekera dzenje lakuya kuti likuyenera kwathunthu mizu.
Madzi amatsanulira madzi okwanira awiri, kenaka chitsamba chimayikidwa, popanda kupitirira pamwamba pa msinkhu umene udakula kale. Dothi lozungulira ndilophwanyika pang'ono, kuthiriridwa ndi kusakanizidwa ndi humus kapena peat kuti lisaswe.
Chisamaliro
Pepper ndi chikhalidwe cha thermophilic, motero onetsetsani kuti palibe kusintha kwa kutentha pamene kulima. Yabwino ndi 23-250. Ngati wowonjezera kutenthedwa kwambiri, chomeracho chingayambe kutaya maluwa.
Chinthu china chimakhala madzi okwanira. Momwe mungamwetse tsabola mu wowonjezera kutentha? Ngati chinyezi sichikwanira, zomera zidzayamba kuwotchedwa, mawanga achikasu adzawonekera pa masamba. Koma musagwedezeke nthaka, mwinamwake bowa udzayamba kukula.
Kuthirira tsabola ayenera kukhala pamzu wa madzi ofunda. Kutentha kwa tchire kutayidwa kuti tisunge chinyezi, chomwe chimasungidwa mkati mwa 60%.
Zitsamba ziyenera kuzimitsa nthawi zonse, ndiko kuti kuchotsa mphukira zochulukirapo. Chomeracho chimachoka ku phesi ziwiri zamphamvu, zina zonse zimadulidwa. Kuonjezera apo, mphukira zonse zomwe ziribe maluwa ndi masamba owonjezera nthawi zonse zimadulidwa.
Mitundu yautali iyenera kumangirizidwa ku zingwe kapena trellis.
Chotsani namsongole mosamala. Ngati izi sizinachitike, tsabolayo idzawombedwa ndipo zokololazo zidzatsika.
TIP. Amatithandiza kumenyana namsongole mulching. Nthaka siimakula mu mulch.
Pepper imafuna kudya kwa mlungu uliwonse. Maonekedwe a feteleza amadalira zaka za zomera. Kumayambiriro kwa kulima nayitrogeni zowonjezereka zimakhalapo. Nitrogeni yokhutira ndi zobvala zochepetsedwa ndi mapangidwe a masamba ndi zipatso. Panthawiyi, chikhalidwe chimafuna phosphorous ndi potaziyamu.
Kukula mavuto
Gawo lofunika pa kukula kwa tsabola mu wowonjezera kutentha ndilo chitetezo kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda.
Matenda okhudzana ndi kuphwanya malamulo a chisamaliro. Nthawi zambiri chikhalidwe chimakhudza:
- Msolo wakuda. Nkhumba zimayambitsa mizu ndi kukula pamene dothi lathyoledwa kuphatikizapo kutentha kwakukulu. Bowawu imafalitsa mofulumira kwambiri, imayambitsa nthaka yonse. Amamenyana nawo ndi pre-disinfection asanadzalemo mu wowonjezera kutentha. Ngati pazomera zina mumawona zizindikiro zake, muyenera kuchotsa msanga kachilombo ka HIV ndikuchitapo kanthu. fungicide. Ndiyeneranso kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuthirira.
- Bakiteriya kuona. Zimakhudza tsinde ndi masamba, pali malo ambiri. Zipatso zimadwala panthawi ya fruiting, madontho amadzi amawoneka pa iwo, ndipo amataya mauthenga awo ndi kukoma kwawo.
- Kuwonongeka kochedwa. Zimatsogolera ku zipatso zowola. Amalimbikitsa chitukuko chinyezi chokwanira. Matenda amatha chifukwa cha matenda, choncho amafunika kuchiritsidwa asanayambe kufesa.
- Stolbur. Matenda a chitetezo ndi tizilombo. Zomera zimayamba kutembenukira chikasu ndi kuuma. Ngati zizindikiro zikuchitika, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo Farmod, Actellic, Phytoplasmin. Chotsani namsongole mu nthawi.
- Cladosporiosis. Masamba aphimbidwa ndi kuwala, mazira agwa. Kupopera mankhwalawa mkuwa sulphate.
TIP. Matenda alionse ndi ovuta kupewa kuposa kuchiza. Choncho, nthawi imathera disinfection mu wowonjezera kutentha ndikupanga mbewu asanabzalidwe. Nthawi yomweyo chotsani zomera ndi zizindikiro za matenda.
Kuwonjezera pa matenda, tsabola nthawi zambiri amavutika tizirombo:
- Chofala kwambiri aphid. Amaphimba masamba ndi zowonongeka ndipo amachititsa kuti azipota. Amatha kumenyana tizilombo powapopera mbewu kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi ndi adyo.
- Slugs. Kuwaza nthaka kumathandiza kulimbana nawo tsabola wofiira, laimu.
- Maonekedwe pa masamba a chipika choyera amasonyeza matenda kangaude. Awononge Carbofos, Aktellik, Fufanon.
Zinsinsi zina
Pali zovuta zina za kulima mbewu, ndikuthandizira kuonjezera zokololazo.
Sungani zipatso zopangidwa nthawi. Ngati wina wasamba, chotsani kuti ena athe kuyamba kukula.
Nthawi zonse muchotse nthambi zowuma ndi zopanda zipatso. Pamene ali pa tchire, chomeracho chikakamizidwa kuti chiwonongeke.
Pitirizani tchire ndi ovary kukondweretsa zipatso mapangidwe.
Kukolola
Zipatso ziyenera kuchotsedwa ku tchire mwa nthawi yake, atangopeza mtundu wa mtundu wosiyanasiyana. Musati muwasiye iwo pa tchire, kuti iwo asungidwe kumeneko. Izi zimachepetsetsa kusasitsa kwa ena onse.
Kuti asawononge mphukira, zipatso zimadulidwa ndi lumo kapena mpeni. Makope abwino kwambiri amatsalira pa mbewu.
ZOFUNIKA. Sikoyenera kusonkhanitsa mbewu kuchokera ku hybrids, chifukwa zinthu zomwe zimapezeka kwa iwo sizidzasungira katundu wa mayi, ndipo m'tsogolomu mudzalandira chinthu chosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe mukuyembekeza, kapena simudzadikira zokolola.
Kope la zosiyanasiyana zomwe mumakonda zimasankhidwa ku gawo lachitatu pansipa. Chipatso chofuna kufalitsa chikusiyidwa kuthengo, pamene otsala mazira amakhala atachotsedwa. Chitsamba chiyenera kuthetsa mphamvu zonse pa chipatso chomwe mukufuna kusonkhanitsa mbewu.
Zipatso zokhwima zowonongedwa zimachotsedwa ndikuikidwa mu chikwama chojambula mpaka kuyanika. Onetsetsani kuti thumbali lauma. Zipatso zoumazo zimadulidwa, mbewu zimachotsedwa, zouma kwa sabata lina ndikuyika mu thumba lakuda.
Pa phukusi lembani dzina la zosiyanasiyana ndi nthawi yokolola mbewu. Zomera zamasamba zidzasunga zaka zitatu.
Zinsinsi za kukolola koyamba
Pafupifupi, kutentha kwakukulu mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa kubzala tsabola kumafikira pakati pa May. Koma pali njira yowonjezera kutenthedwa ndi kupanga bedi lofunda. Pachifukwachi, kutalika kwa nthaka ya 50 cm kuchotsedwa pamabedi.
Pamunsi mwa dzenje mumayikidwa mchere wothira udzu wothira. Dzikoli laikidwa pa izo, ndi zonse zomwe mwazitenga m'munda. Mudzakhala ndi chitunda kuti muthe ndi madzi otentha. Izi "sandwich"Amawotcha nthaka ndikuyamba kutentha mpweya."
Tsabola amatha kubzalidwa m'munda wotere pofika mwezi wa April, pamene akufesa mwezi wonse kuposa kale lonse, pakati pa mwezi wa January. Ndipo kumapeto kwa May mudzalandira zipatso zoyamba.
Ngati chisanu mwadzidzidzi chimayamba, bedi mkati mwa wowonjezera kutentha ndiphimbidwa ndi zina za arc wowonjezera kutentha. Pansi pogona pokhapokha, tsabola siidzasintha ndipo idzapitiriza kukula.
Kusankha kwanu
Kudzichepetsa tsabola - malo ochulukira munthu wolima. Mukhoza kukhala wobereketsa weniweni, ndipo pangani zosiyana zanu mwa kudutsa mitundu yomwe mumakonda. Tengani burashi yofewa, mutenge mungu kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi ndikuchiyika mu maluwa a wina. Sungani chipatso chotsatiracho, musonkhanitse mbewu kuchokera kwa iwo.
Kuganizira maonekedwe onse ndi kutsata malamulo a kukula kwa tsabola mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi chitsimikizo chokwanira chokolola cha mbewu izi.
