Nthenda yotchedwa pella fern yosatha imapezeka m'mayiko ambiri ndi nyengo yozizira komanso yozizira.
Mitundu ina pafupifupi 80 okha, akhoza kukula mu nyengo yozizira. Ndilo banja Oyambirira.
M'chilengedwe, amakonda nyengo youma, koma salola kutentha bwino kunyumba. Monga kuyang'ana kokongoletsa Fern yayamba kale mizu m'nyumba za okonda zomera.
Malingana ndi chisamaliro chabwino, phalali limayang'ana bwino kwambiri ndipo limatha kutonthoza chipinda chilichonse, ndikupanga zokongoletsa.
Mitundu
Fern - chomera chosazolowereka komanso chachikulire kwambiri. Masamba ake ndi osamvetsetseka kuti mawu asayansi akuti "wai" adasankhidwa makamaka kwa iwo.
Ndilo dzina la mawonekedwe omwe masamba a mitundu yambiri ya fern amasonkhanitsidwa. Odziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa ndiwo mitundu:
- chozungulira;
- zobiriwira
- mkondo;
- wamaliseche
- mdima wofiira;
- ovoid.
Tsamba lozungulira
Onani osati zopanda pake, ndipo amapulumuka bwino pamtunda wamba pa firiji. Amakula mpaka pafupifupi 25 masentimita. Kuchokera pa ndodo pali mapesi omwe amakhala ndi timapepala timene timakhala. Tsamba la tsamba likhoza kukhala lopanda kanthu komanso lokhazikika. Kuchokera pamwamba pa masamba ndi mdima, kuchokera pansi - kuwala.
Pellets zokongola kwambiri zimagwirizana ndi ena a fern. Pa nthawi yomweyi, muyenera kusamala kuti mtunda wa pakati pa zomera ndi wokwanira kuti ukhale wabwino.
Malo abwino kwambiri a mtundu umenewu ndi osakaniza:
- mchenga;
- nthaka;
- peat;
- humus;
- sphagnum
Sakusowa madzi ambiri, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira.
Photo subspecies Kruglostnaya:
Chobiriwira
Mu mitundu iyi, zokwawa za rhizome, tsamba la masamba (losankhidwa) ili pansi. Long petioles bulauni. Mapepala - chikopa, chozungulira. Masamba ndi ochepa. Wai m'kati mwake ndi pafupifupi 50 cm. Mbali yapadera ya mawonekedwe - pepala losakanikirana ndi zazikulu, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, kukula kwa tchire.
Zithunzi za Green subspecies:
Mtsinje
Ali zokwawa. Masamba a Cirrus akuchokera ku rosette. Kutalika kwala - 60 cm., Kukula - 30 cm., Fomu - katatu. Petioles yaitali. Sporangia akukonzedwa mu mzere wolimba pamphepete mwa magulu.
Zithunzi za nthumwi zofanana ndi nthungo:
Wamaliseche
Kutalika kwa tsinde kufika pa masentimita 35. Masamba ali ndi pinnate, omwe ali opanda kanthu, a petioles a bulauni. Malingalirowa ndi owala kwambiri-osowa, koma pa nthawi yomweyi osagonjetsedwa. Zokwanira kuti zikule pamalo otseguka pakatikati. Zinyama zakutchire zimakhala ndi ziphuphu zamatumbo.
Zithunzi zazithunzi zakusokonezeka:
Mdima wofiirira
Chomera chiri masamba a sporiferous, kufika masentimita 50 m'litali. Wofiira, wobiriwira-pinnate. Petioles amatsindikiza pang'ono, amafiira. Sakonda kuwala kowala ndi madzi okwanira. Njira yabwino kwa malo ake idzakhala mawindo kumpoto.
Chithunzi cha subspecies za Purple Dark:
Ovoid
Chomera ndi chochepa, koma kuchokera kwa ena kukongola kwakukulu kosiyana. Masamba obiriwira, mu mawonekedwe a mtima, wokongola kwambiri. Msinkhu ukhoza kufika pa masentimita 20 mpaka 40. Ambiri amakula mwamsanga m'nyengo yam'masika ndi chilimwe.
Kuwala kwa dzuwa kumakhala kosavuta. Ndi bwino ngati kuyatsa kufalikira. Amamva kutentha kwakukulu, kutentha kwapansi kumalandiridwa m'nyengo yozizira.
Chithunzi subspecies Egg:
Kusamalira kwanu
Mitundu yonse ya fern, komanso makamaka, mapulotechete, osadzichepetsa komanso osasokonezeka ndi chilengedwe. Koma palinso malamulo angapo omwe ayenera kutsatira pakabzala mbeu za banja lino.
Kuunikira ndi kutentha
Kutentha kwa mpweya wa chilimwe kwa mitundu yonse ya mapaleti ayenera kukhala apamwamba, mpaka 22ºC. Izi zimachokera ku kukula kwake kwa nyengo yotentha.
M'nyengo yozizira, pali nthawi yopumula, ndipo kutentha kumayenera kuchepetsedwa kufika 14-16ºC.
Ngati m'nyumba zoposa 18º С, ndiye kuti chomera chiyenera kupopedwa, muzipinda zamoto zotentha kwambiri amakalamba ndi imfa.
Kuti muunikire, muyenera kuyang'ana "pansi pakati". Popanda kuwala, zomera zimakula kwa nthawi yaitali, masamba amatha kukhala opanda moyo. M'malo mwake, ndi nthawi zonse kufotokoza mwachindunji dzuwa, masamba azipiringa ndi kutembenukira chikasu. Best ngati kuwala kudzasokonezedwa.
Chinyezi ndi kuthirira
Mwa chikhalidwe chake, pelleya amalekerera mpweya wouma bwino, koma kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opopera ndi abwino imatsitsimutsa masamba mwangwiro. Zotsatira za kutenthedwa kwa nyengo m'nyengo yozizira zawonjezereka kwambiri, choncho m'nyengo yozizira muyenera kusamalira chinyezi. Mphika wokhala ndi chomera ukhoza kuikidwa mu tray yomwe ili ndi peat yonyowa.
Madzi okwanira amachititsa kuvunda kwa mizu, nthawi ya chilimwe iyenera kupangidwa 2-3 pa sabata, malingana ndi chinyezi cha chipinda. M'nyengo yozizira - osaposa kamodzi pa sabata. Pakati pa kuthirira nthaka ayenera kuuma pang'ono.
Feteleza
Dyetsani mapiritsi kokha pa nthawi ya kukula m'nyengo yozizira, zomera zimabwera kupumula ndipo sizikusowa kudyetsa kwina.
Povala zovala ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza feteleza. Manyowa opangidwa ndi feteleza angagwiritsidwenso ntchito; muyenera kungoonetsetsa kuti Musatenthe mizu. Pamene nkhumba zapakhomo zimayenera kubwereranso, zimatha kudziwika ndi masamba: zimakhala zochepa komanso zosawerengeka.
Kudula ndi kuika
Kuika kumapangidwa pamene mizu yayamba kukhala yochepa ndipo chomeracho chimaikidwa mu mphika wina. Nthaŵi yabwino ya kuika ndikumapeto.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ferns amadwala kwambiri. Ndibwino kuti poyamba musankhe maluwa akuluakulu.
Pamene kuika sikuyenera kuchoka padziko lapansi - kungathe kuwononga mizu. Ayenera kudula masamba okhaokha komanso omayidwa, pamene akuwonekera.
Kawirikawiri, chifukwa cha kukula kwake pang'ono ndi kudzichepetsa, Pelleya ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri yopangira nyumba.
Zina zowonjezera m'nyumba ndizo: Nephrolepis, Pteris, Tsirtomium, Asplenium, Adiantum, Davalliya, Blehnum, Salvinia, Polypodium, Platicerium, Uzzhnik ndi Humulus.
Kuswana
Mbalame imabereka, kuphatikizapo pellets, m'njira ziwiri:
Gawani
Njira yopatulira imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi florists, chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake. Ma rhizomes okha a zomera zazikulu ndi abwino kwa izi.
Ndikofunikira kuti mulekanitse mosamala ndi rhizome pang'ono delenok ndi mfundo za kukula.
Pambuyo pake mutengere miphika yosiyana, nthawi yoyamba kuphimba ndi zipewa ndikukhala m'malo ofunda.
Mikangano
Mukakolola spores, muyenera kubzala omaliza nthaka yonyowa ili m'bokosi pamalo amdima. Phimbani ndi galasi pamwamba, osaiwala mpweya ndi madzi nthawi zonse. Pamene mphukira imaonekera (pambuyo pa miyezi 1-3), bokosilo liyenera kusunthira ku malo otalala. Mukakulira, muwonongeke ndikusiya zitsanzo zazikulu kwambiri. Patapita mwezi umodzi, mbande zimatha kuziika m'miphika.
Kuti mukhale ndi nyemba zatsopano, ndizofunikira kwambiri kusunga chinyezi cha mpweya - 70% ndi chinyezi chokwanira cha nthaka. Ndikofunika kuti mutha kusintha ndi kusintha mizu mu malo atsopano.
Tizilombo
Mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ingayambe kuopseza fern, ndipo chifukwa chake chilichonse ndi chisamaliro chosayenera.
Tizilombo:
- nematodes;
- aphid;
- chishango;
- thrips.
Chifukwa chenicheni cha kuyambira kwa nematode ndi madzi ozizira kwambiri pa kuthirira, makamaka ndi klorine yapamwamba. Zizindikiro zachitika - chikasu ndi kuyanika kwa masamba.
Kuti agonjetse chonchi, Chomeracho chiyenera kuikidwa ndikuchiritsidwa ndi tizilombo. Zotsalira zotsalira zikuwoneka kuchokera ku mpweya wouma. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsidwanso ntchito polimbana nawo. Njira zothandizira - kupopera mankhwala mobwerezabwereza.
Kutsiliza
Monga zomera zonse zapanyumba, fern ya pellets inabwera ku nyumba zathu zakutchire.
Koma mitundu ya banja ili imatenga malo awo pazenera zowenera.
Chomeracho chimakhala ndi maonekedwe okongola kwambiri, chimakongoletsa chipinda ndikuchiyeretsa bwino.
