Tsamba lofiira (Prunus tomentosa) ndi mtedza wa Far East womwe sukula kuposa mamita atatu mu msinkhu. Chifukwa cha maluwa okongola oyambirira ndi zipatso zazing'ono zomwe zimakula ndi amalima ku Russia, Ukraine ndi Belarus. Zipatso zamatcheri zowonongeka ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa yamatcheri wamba, koma ndi pafupifupi asidi ayi iwo adagonjetsa chikondi cha padziko lonse. Zakudya zamatcheri zotsekemera zimadyedwa mwatsopano, chisanu m'nyengo yozizira, zophika kuchokera ku jam, jams ndi compotes. Chomeracho n'chosavuta kumusamalira ndi kulima ndipo chimakhala chozizira kwambiri.
Matenda wamba a yamatcheri odulidwa
Nthawi zina, tikapita kumunda, tikuwona kuti kusintha kosasangalatsa kukuchitika ndi chitumbuwa chodziwika. Ndikudabwa chifukwa masamba a chitumbuwa akuwuma ndipo zipatso zosawoneka bwino zikugwa, timadziwa kuti mbewuyo ikudwala. Yamatcheri otenthedwa amatha kukhala odwala ndi moniliasis, kuphwanya komanso nthawi zina coccomycosis. Kawirikawiri, zizindikiro zakunja za matendawa zimakhala zofanana kwambiri, koma pofuna kusankha njira yoyenera ya chithandizo, muyenera kukhazikitsa matenda oyenera. 
Tizilombo tingathe kukhala m'magulu a zomera. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane matenda akuluakulu a yamatcheri oyamwa ndi mankhwala awo. Pofuna kuthandizira mwamsanga matenda a m'munda, kampani yoyamba yothandizira alimi ayenera kuphatikizapo: Bordeaux osakaniza kapena mkuwa sulphate, hydrated laimu ndi munda var, okonzekera "Readzole" ndi kukhalapo kwa fungicides. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiyenera kukhala nthawi zonse.
Mukudziwa? Ndifunikanso kukopa mbalame kuti zimenyane ndi tizilombo m'munda. Kwa mbalame muyenera kukhazikitsa mbalame ndi chakudya.
Moniliasis (monilial burn)
Chotukuta chodziwika ndi chomera chodzichepetsa kwambiri, choncho matenda amapezeka mobwerezabwereza. Chomera chosagonjetsedwa kwambiri ku matenda, omwe amatchedwa monilial kutentha
Zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa zimawonekera poyang'anitsitsa kuyang'ana kwa shrub. Kutsetsereka kwakukulu kumawonekera pa makungwa, chingamu chimayamba kutuluka kwa iwo. Gamu ndi mankhwala othandizira, kapena ngati chitsulo chamatabwa. Gum imawonekera pa makungwa a mtengo pokhapokha ngati kuwonongeka kwa makina kumakungwa. Maluwa ndi masamba a yamatcheri amafalikira ndipo amatembenukira chikasu, nthambi zimayamba kuuma. Ndizo monilioz cherry. Kunja, zimakhala zofanana ndi zomwe nthambi zimadandaula ndi chisanu chobwezeretsa usiku kapena wolima munda wodzaza mankhwala ndi kutentha chomeracho. 
Chifukwa cha tsoka ndi chitukuko cha bowa la Monilia. Kupititsa patsogolo kwake mofulumira, kulikulirakulira ndikukula magulu abwino ndi spores za bowa. Ndipo panopa pakati pa masika okongola amawoneka mandala akufa ndi owuma. Ngati simukuyambitsa mankhwala, chomeracho chidzafa.
Timayamba chithandizo cha kumva yamatcheri kuchokera ku moniliosis:
- Choyamba, timayang'anitsitsa odwala omwe amawotchera, amawotcha pamoto ndi kudula nthambi zonse ndi matenda. Nthambi zotetezedwa za Sawed zimatengedwa kunja kwa munda ndikuwotchedwa.
- Pamaso maluwa, shrub imatulutsidwa ndi njirayi: 10 g wa "Fundazol", "Topaz" kapena "Topsina" imasungunuka mu 10 malita a madzi.
- Ngati kasupe imvula ndi yonyowa pokhala, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuyenera kubwerezedwa mu sabata (pafupi ndi mapeto a maluwa).
- Kuti chithandizo cha moniliosis, chithandizo chotsatira chachitsamba chodwala chichitike, chiyenera kuchitika mu kugwa ndi kasupe lotsatira ndi njira zoterezi:
- Chomeracho chimaphatikizidwa ndi 3% Bordeaux osakaniza kapena 3% mkuwa wa sulphate.
- Kupopera mankhwala mofanana, koma 1% yothetsera vutoli imatengedwa.
Mukudziwa? Monilioz anadula yamatcheri - matendawa ndi osasangalatsa kwambiri, ndipo ngati mutasiya chomera popanda kudulira ndi kuchiza, mosakayikira adzafa.
Klesterosporiosis
Klesterosporiozom makamaka amadwala mitengo ya zipatso zamtengo ndi zitsamba. Mabala, pichesi mitengo ndi apurikoti zimakhudzidwa mosavuta, koma chikhalidwe chosasunthika ndi chitumbuwa ndikumverera chitumbuwa. Dzina lachiwiri la matendawa ndi perforated spotting. Bowa la Clasterosporium carpophilum ndi causative wothandizira. Kutayira, kuvunda nkhuni ndi kutenthetsa, nyengo yamvula ndibwino kwambiri kuswana kwa bowa. Spores ya bowa sataya mphamvu zawo m'nyengo yozizira.
Kutentha kutangoyamba kukwera pamwamba + 4 ° C ndi kusungunuka kwa chisanu ndi madontho akuyamba - spores ya bowa amakhala yogwira ntchito komanso kupanga mawonekedwe a mycelium ngati mawonekedwe a bulauni pamagulu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka ndi kutupa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mphepo zimatulutsa spores ndi kulandira zomera zathanzi. Kutaya kwa m'munda kumapezeka mkati mwa sabata, popeza klyasterosporiosis ili ndi nthawi yaying'ono yopuma - mpaka masiku anayi. M'chilimwe pali chitukuko cha 3-4 mibadwo ya bowa. 
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zimawonekera ngati bulauni-bulauni kapena zofiira-mawanga pamawanga a kumva yamatcheri. Mu sabata, minofu yomwe ili pakatikati pa malo okhudzidwawo imalira ndipo imagona mokwanira, ndipo masamba ang'onoang'ono (mpaka 2 mm) kupyola mabowo amakhala pamasamba. Pamphepete mwa dzenje, pamphepete mwa minofu ya mndandanda muli mdima, malire amdima amapezeka. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha phytosteriasis kuchokera ku matenda ena oyambitsa matenda.
Ming'alu imapezeka pamtunda wa zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi klesterosporosis, yomwe chimatulutsa (mankhwala owoneka ngati ofanana ndi mtengo). Mitengo ya shrub yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi mycelium imakhala yakuda ndipo imatha kufa, ndipo mtundu umauma ndipo umagwedezeka. Cherry dries, lags kumbuyo mu kukula, ndi zochepa leafy ndipo kale akuyika masamba kugwa, mosiyana ndi thanzi zomera.
Kupewa ndi kuchiza kolesterolini:
- Timasankha kubzala mitundu yosagwirizana ndi phytosteriasis.
- Patapita nthawi timadula mphukira. Popewera kuphulika, potero timapewa kuphulika kwa matenda a fungal.
- Chomeracho chidzakhala champhamvu komanso chopatsa thanzi ngati icho chidzamera ndi kuthirira mu nthawi.
- Pambuyo kudulira nthambi zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito mawotchi amawononga ndi munda wamaluwa.
- M'dzinja timachotsa masamba osagwa ndi zamoyo - tizirombo ndi fungal spores zimatha kuzizira.
Chitsamba chithandizo chamankhwala atatu:
- Kupopera mbewu Bordeaux osakaniza (opanda anabala nthambi).
- Kwa impso zochepa, mankhwala ndi Kuproksat.
- Mutatha kuchipatala kachiwiri "Kuproksat" pambuyo pa masiku 14.
Ndikofunikira! Chithandizo chotsiriza cha mankhwala chikuchitika pasanathe masiku 21 asanasankhe zipatso.
Coccomycosis
Matendawa anabwera m'zaka zapitazi kuchokera ku mayiko a Scandinavia ndikukantha mitengo ya chitumbuwa. Matendawa ndi fungal, okondwa ndi majeremusi, omwe amakhala ndi kuswana m'masamba a chitumbuwa. Masamba a mtengo wodwala amawomba chikasu, amadzazidwa ndi mdima wambiri ndipo amayamba kugwa msanga. Polimbana ndi coccomycosis, mankhwala ophera fungicidal omwe amalepheretsa kukula kwa fungal spores ndikutha kuwawononga.
Mitengo yamatcheri yamtunduwu imakhala yosakhudzidwa ndi coccomycosis, koma ngati izi zichitika, timachita shrub mwa kupopera mankhwala ndi fungicides. 
Kusamalira pakhomo, kudula nthawi yamagulu a yamatcheri ndi mankhwala ndi fungicides ndi "Fundazole" pofuna kupewa matenda - ichi ndi maziko a thanzi la zipatso za chitumbuwa.
Matenda a Pocket
Matenda a chitumbuwa, omwe amachitidwa ndi spores a fungus ya Taphrina, amawoneka ngati ovary wooneka ngati wachilendo ku chitumbuwa. Chotayika chomera chimapanga zipatso popanda mafupa ndi mawonekedwe a matumba olemera. "Matumba" awa ndi chiyambi cha kucha kwa bowa spores. Ngakhale atatha kuyanika, zipatsozi ndizo zimayambitsa matenda. Ndikofunika kuchotsa ku chomera ndikuwotcha zipatso zomwe zimakhudza, ndikuchiza matendawa ndi systemic fungicides. 
Mmene mungagwirire ndi tizirombo zazikulu za chitumbuwa
Banja la Mouse ndi tsoka lalikulu la yamatcheri. Iwo amang'amba phokoso pa chitsamba m'nyengo yozizira. Kuthamanga komwe kuli pansi pa chisanu kumayang'ana kuonongeka, monga momwe timagulu timene timagwirira ntchito pamalowo ndi pansi pa chipale chofewa.
Njira za rodent control
Mu kugwa, mitengo ikuluikulu ya shrub ili ndi nsapato zabwino za meshed, nyambo zoopsa zimayikidwa pafupi ndi yamatcheri. M'nyengo yozizira, chipale chofewa, chomwe chili pafupi ndi mabwalo ozungulira, choponderezedwa pamtunda wa mamita. Kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, chipale chofewa chimachotsedwa kuchoka pamtengo wa chitsamba.
Plum moth
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadula osati plums, komanso zipatso zina, osati kupitilira ndi chidwi chawo zipatso za yamatcheri. Mphutsi ya tizilombo imadyetsa pampatso ya chipatsocho, madontho a chingamu amakhalabe pa zipatso zowonongeka, zipatso zosabzalidwa sizikula, zipatso za chitumbuwa zimayamba kukula ndikuuma. Pakati pa nyengo yotentha m'munda mukhoza kukula mibadwo yambiri ya maula moths. Nkhondo yolimbana ndi tizilombo iyenera kuyamba pamene mbozi imayamba.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Mukhoza kupachika misampha ya agulugufe. M'munda, akasinja okhala ndi zokometsera zokometsera, omwe glue amawonjezeredwa, amaikidwa ndikupachikidwa m'mitengo. Mphepete zimauluka mpaka kununkhiza ndikufa mu guluu. Misampha imatsukidwa tsiku lililonse kuchokera ku tizilombo zakufa ndikutsanuliridwa kuti ikhale mkati mwawo. Choncho tidzateteza chitumbuwa chochokera ku mphutsi za mphutsi za njenjete.
Njira mankhwala (awiri mankhwala ikuchitika)
- Chithandizo choyamba mwamsanga mutatha maluwa, pamene mphutsi ya chipatso imayamba kudzaza, ndi kukonzekera "Decis" kapena "Alatar". Ife tikuwononga chibadwo choyamba cha njenjete.
- Kupopera mankhwala kachiwiri kumachitika m'zaka khumi za July. Athandizeni ndi mankhwala "Karbofos" kapena "Kinmiks." Kupopera mbewuyi timatsuka munda wa njenjete wachiwiri.
Aphid
Nthawi zambiri munthu ayenera kuwona m'munda momwe kumapeto kwa masamba a mtengo wamtengo wa chitumbuwa uli ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono. Iyo inkawonekera nsabwe za aphid pa chitumbuwa. Aphid imayambitsa kuyamwa kwa mbeu, kuifutitsa ndi kutsegula njira ya matenda osiyanasiyana.
Mukhoza kumenyana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba njira:
- Kutaya tchire mu malo omwe mumakhala ndi phulusa. Pofuna kuthetsa yankho, mtsuko umodzi wokha wa phulusa umathiridwa ndi 5 malita a madzi ndipo umaphatikizapo maola 24.
- Amathandiza bwino mankhwala omwe amathiridwa ndi sopo. Sopo la imvi yatsamba yatsukidwa pa grater ndipo imathiridwa ndi madzi ofunda ndi madzi okwanira 10 malita. Sopo ikadzasungunuka m'madzi, mukhoza kuyamba kukonza.
- Nsabwe za m'masamba pa zomera zimabzalidwa ndi "abusa" awo - nyerere. Pofuna kuwaletsa kufalitsa nsabwe za m'masamba pamtengo ndi zitsamba, misampha imamangiriridwa ku mitengo ikuluikulu ya zomera, yokhala ndi glue. Nyerere zimatha ndipo sizingathetse vutoli. Mtengo umakhalabe wosafota ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.
- Nsabwe za m'masamba sizikonda kupopera mankhwala osuta fodya, yarrow, mbatata ndi tomato pamwamba. Kulowetsedwa ndi iliyonse ya zomerazi ndikonzekera motere: theka la chidebe cha masamba ophwanyika masamba ndi odzaza ndi kutsanulira pamwamba ndi madzi otentha. Phimbani ndi kuumirira masiku awiri. Kulowetsedwa kwakonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo "Iskra" kapena "Mtsogoleri". Kukonzekera kumawononga nsabwe za m'masamba ndi mbozi ndi kuteteza zomera zomwe zimaperekedwa mpaka kumapeto kwa dzinja.
Plum (Pocket) Mite
Mthumba wamatope, wokhazikika pa yamadzi yamatcheri, amadyetsa masamba aang'ono, motero amawathandiza kufooketsa ndi kufa kwa mbewu pamtsogolo. Ngati, pakuyang'ana pa kumva yamatcheri, pali masamba omwe ali ndi "ziphuphu", zikutanthauza kuti chitsamba chili ndi nkhupakupa.
Amathandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi nthata za madzi otentha ndi chitsamba. Chotero mankhwala amachitika kumayambiriro kasupe, ngakhale pamaso Mphukira kuswa, processing popanda barephera nthambi n'zotheka. Madzi otentha (pafupifupi madzi otentha) amatsanuliridwa mu madzi okwanira ndi opopera pa spout ndi kuthirira ndi nkhuku zodzala ndi nkhuku (pamodzi ndi nthambi).
Pambuyo masiku atatu mukhoza kubwereza kukonza. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwanira. Pamene chomera chimakula, m'pofunikira kuchiza ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ("Aktara" kapena "Karate"). Kugwa, tsamba la tsamba limasonkhanitsidwa mosamala kuchokera ku shrub, ndipo mu October muyenera kukumba nthaka pambali yachitsamba cha zomera. Zonsezi sizingapereke nthata mwayi wa nyengo yozizira.
Mphepete mwazitsulo
Nkhumba za agulugufe otchedwa leafworm zimakhala ndi kudya zipatso za mitengo ndi mitengo. Mbozi imatha kufika 2 cm mu kukula, ndi mtundu wobiriwira kapena wofiira. M'chaka, amaluma mkati mwa masamba kapena masamba a mbewu, m'chilimwe amadyetsa masamba ndi zipatso. Zitsamba zokhudzana ndi leaf zimadziwika mosavuta ndi masamba opangidwa.
- Pofuna kuthana ndi masambawa, kufufuza mosamala zomera ndikofunikira, kuwonongeka kwa nthambi zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi dzira, masamba ndi mphutsi amapotozedwa mu chubu amathyoledwa ndi kutenthedwa.
- Pamene kutentha kumayambiriro kwa nyengo imakhala pamwamba pa +4 ° С, yambani mankhwala ndi mankhwala "Prophylactin". Njira yothetsera vutoli imapangidwa pa mlingo wa: 0.5 l wa mankhwala pa 10 l madzi. Ndalamayi ndi yokwanira kukonza tchire zitatu kapena zinayi zamatcheri.
- Ngati mwatha nthawi yothandizira kasupe ndipo mbozi zatha kale masamba ndi masamba a zomera, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi pyrethroids. Mankhwala oyenera monga "Ivanhoe", "AltAlf", "Chigwirizano", "Alfatsin", "Alfashans", "Tsi-Alpha", "Fatrin", "Fastak". Njira yothandizirayi ndi yokonzekera: 10 ml ya madzi pa 3 ml yokonzekera, gwiritsani ntchito kutentha kwa mpweya osati kuposa 25 ° C. Mu kutentha kwa mankhwala sizothandiza.
- Kupopera pa masamba a shrub ndi Insegar, kukula kwa tizilombo ndi kayendetsedwe ka chitukuko, kumapereka zotsatira zabwino. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuchita chithandizo pamaso pa chilimwe cha chilimwe cha njenjetegufe kuti njoka ikhale yokonzedwa mu masamba omwe amachitidwa.
Ndikofunikira! Kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera komwe kuli ndi pyrethroids kungayambitse kusabereka kwa nkhupakupa m'munda.
Momwe mungatetezere kumva yamatcheri ochokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda: zothandizira
Kuti tifotokoze zonsezi, zotsatirazi zikufunika kuti mukhale ndi munda wathanzi:
- Kuteteza mankhwala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Kuchiza kwa yamatcheri oyamwa kuchokera ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mankhwala ndi zamoyo.
- Kutsekemera kwazomera kwa nthambi ndi kuyeretsa mosamala mundawo kuchokera ku masamba ndi zipatso zakugwa.
- Kukumba maulendo a pristvolnyh m'nyengo yozizira, yomwe imapha tizirombo tomwe timapanga m'nyengo.
