Imodzi mwa mapeyala otchuka kwambiri - "Muscovite"!

Peyala "Muscovite" popanda kukokomeza ikhoza kutchedwa mitundu yodziwika kwambiri.

Zokwanira wodzichepetsa, wolimba ndikukumana ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri a mtengo wa zipatso.

Kudziwa zosiyana siyana ndi kuzilumikiza ndi zofunikira zonse, ndizotheka kupeza zokolola zoyenera za mapeyala okoma otchedwa "Muscovite" chaka chilichonse.

Kodi ndi mapeyala otani?

Peyala "Muscovite" ndi mchere zosiyanasiyana ndi autumnal chipatso kucha. Zikomo ubwino, kufotokoza bwino, khalidwe labwino la kusunga ndi makhalidwe ena, ndi otchuka kwambiri ndi wamaluwa.

Cholinga cha chipatso "Muscovites" chilengedwe chonse. Iwo ndi okoma kwambiri mwatsopano ndipo zabwino popanga compotes, jams, jams, marmalade, zipatso zokoma ndi zipatso zouma.

Kusinthasintha kumadziwikiranso Dessert Rossoshanskaya, Krasulya, Hera, Wokhulupirika ndi Mtengo Kukongola.

Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana

"Muscovite" ndi chifukwa cha ntchito yoswana ya Moscow Agricultural Timiryazev Academy. Analipatalikirana ndi mbande za peyala zomwe zinkapezeka mwaulere pollination ya American zosiyanasiyana zotchedwa "kieffer".

Peyala "Muscovite": kufotokoza zosiyanasiyana ndi zithunzi

Mitengo ya peyala mitengo "Muscovite" ili nayo kukula kwakukulu ndi mawonekedwe oyenera ndi korona wakuda ndi masamba apakati.

Mitengo yaing'ono "Muscovites" khalani ndi korona woboola pamphunozomwe zikalamba zimagwirizana.

Thunthu la mtengo wa mdima wofiirandi makungwa Ntchentche zikukula mumtundu wozungulira, wofiira.

Zosiyanasiyana "Muscovite" ali ndi mphamvu yabwino yopanga mphukira. Iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe oyandikana, kutalika kwautali ndi mmimba mwake.. Pa mphukira pamakhala zowonjezera zokhala ndi mphodza zazing'ono. Omwe amapanga nthambizo ali ndi kutalika kwake, masamba omwe ali ngati mchere ndi ofiira.

Masamba a peyala ang'onoang'ono ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. ndi zolemba pamphepete. Leaf plate leathery, popanda pubescence ndi yopindika pang'ono pakati. Maluwa mapeyala osavuta atakulungidwa ndi whisk woyera. Kuyambira 5 mpaka 7 maluwa amasonkhanitsidwa mumadontho. Zipatso za mtengo zimapangidwa pa nthungo, nthambi za zipatso, mphete za mibadwo yosiyana ndi mphukira zapachaka kuchokera kumtunda ndi apical masamba.

Avereji kulemera kwa peyala imodzi "Muscovite" - kuyambira 120 mpaka 130 g. Zitsanzo zina zimatha kufika 200 g komanso ngakhale pang'ono. Maonekedwe a chipatso ndi ochuluka.

Pansi pa khungu lobiriwira lachikasu akuwona mfundo zogwiritsa ntchito. Kawirikawiri khungu ndilo ataphimbidwa ndi kutchedwa rustiness ngati mawonekedwe akuluakulu. Kuphimba kofiira kulibe.

White zipatso zamkati yowutsa mudyo ndi wandiweyani wothira mafuta ozungulira komanso oyandama pamtima. "Muscovite" ali wokoma kwambiri wowawasa-okoma kukoma ndi zonunkhira zonunkhira zonunkhira. Kulawa mapeyala a "Muscovite" - 4.3 mfundo, shuga wokhutira zipatso 9,5 %ndi acidity - 0,48 %.

Chithunzi cha mapeyala "Muscovite":

Zizindikiro

Zosiyanasiyana ndi zodabwitsa zolimba komanso zokolola zambiri ngakhale pansi pa zovuta. Mtengo umodzi ukhoza kupereka makilogalamu 50 yowutsa mudyo komanso onunkhira zipatso. Peyala zipatso "Muscovite" ayambira pa 4nthawi zina Chaka cha 3 mutatha. Zokolola zikumera pakati pa mwezi wa September kapena pang'ono pang'ono. Izi ziyenera kunenedwa kuti ikadzapsa, zipatso sizikutha.

Kutuluka zipatso akhoza kutsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe pa khungu pang'ono chikasu. Kwa nthawi yaitali yosungirako pNdikoyenera kuponyera chipatso mpaka chizindikiro cha kukhwima chikuwonekera.pamene khungu likadali lobiriwira.

Mu chipinda Zipatso zikamapsa sabata, kukhala yowutsa mudyo komanso chokoma, pambuyo pake akhoza kupulumutsidwa kwa masiku khumi. Mu mapeyala apansi amasungidwa popanda kuwonongeka kwa malonda a malonda kuyambira masabata atatu mpaka 4, komanso mufiriji pa zero kutentha - mpaka miyezi itatu.

Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi kwambiri kupirira bwino, Osakhala ndi kusintha kwa kutentha ndipo amapereka chokhazikika zipatso mu nyengo iliyonse. Komabe yovuta hardiness "Muscovites" oposa pang'onoChoncho, pakatikati pa dziko la Russia, pamafunikira kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira.

Mitundu yopanda malire "Muscovite" amafunika kuyendetsa mungu. Mitengo yabwino kwambiri ya pollinator ya peyala iyi: Lada, Elegant Efimova, Moscow Bergamot, Marble, Yakovlev Favorite.

Kubzala ndi kusamalira

Peyala akutsatira akugwa kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October mwina kumayambiriro kwa April-kumayambiriro kwa May. Mukadzala "Muscovites" ayenera kusamala kuti mitundu yobiriwira imayandikira pafupi nayo.

Peyala imafuna malo abwino, otetezeka komanso owuma. Dzuŵa likamapatsa zipatso za mtengo, tastier ndi zokoma zimakhala.

Bzalani sakonda chinyezi chambiri panthaka. Madzi akumtunda deralo liyenera kukhala lozama osati mamita 2.5 kuchokera pansimwinamwake peyala sangathe kukula ndi kutha.

Mitengo ya peyala imakonda kukula malo a mchenga-chernozem kapena loamy pH acidity kuchokera pa 5.6 mpaka 6.0. Nthaka ya mchenga ndi yabwinokoma panopa akusowa chisamaliro chochuluka, komanso yogwira ntchito nthawi zonse. Dothi losweka losafunika kwa mapeyala. Kubzala m'munda wotero akusowa dzenje lalikulu ndi yoyambira yoyenera.
Chombo chokwera chiyenera kukonzedwa pasadakhale, mwina masabata angapo asanalowetsedwe. Pakuti chodzala mbande mu dzenje la masika ndi bwino kukonzekera kugwa. Yake yabwino kwambiri kukula - kuyambira 1 mpaka 1.2 mamita mozama ndi kuzungulira 80 masentimita awiri.

Pamene akumba dzenje sod wosanjikiza pamwamba (za 30 cm) pindani kumbali imodzindi dziko lonselo liri lina. Kenaka, dzenje liri ndi nthaka yabwino.

Pokonzekera, mtsempho wochotsedwa pamahatchi ayenera kusakanizidwa 3 ndowa manyowa kapena masamba msuzi, mchenga wa superphosphate, supuni 3 za sulfate ya potaziyamu ndi 1 makilogalamu a zinthu zilizonse zakuthupi. Kenaka, bweretsani dzenje bwino ndi kuthira mu yankho la ufa wa dolomite (400 g pa 10 malita a madzi). Potsirizira pake anatsanulira ndowa ziwiri za madzi ndi Masiku 10-14 kapena mpaka kasupe amasiya dzenje mu mawonekedwe awa.

Ndikofunikira - Musanadzalemo ntchito pa sapling kudula masamba ambiri, kusiya masamba ochepa pa nthambi iliyonse. Masamba amatha kukhala ndi madzi ambirindi mizu pa mtengo wawung'ono ntchito idakali yofooka kwambiri.

Kuyala mbande ya peyala kumachitika motere:

1. Nthawi zambiri ankalima mapeyala. Pogula mtengo akulimbikitsidwa mwamsanga kubereka kudulira, koma palibe chomwe chingathe kudula mizu. Tsiku lina musanadzalemo Mizu ya mmera imanyowa m'madzi kapena yankho la mullein;
2. Choyamba, nkhonya imathamangitsidwa pakatikati mwa dzenje kuti ikhale pamwamba pa nthaka 50 cm. Kenaka, tsitsani mulu wa dziko lapansi mu dzenje ndikuyika mmera pazitsulo, ndikuwongolera mizu yogawana. Ntchito yonse imapangidwa bwino ndi wothandizira amene angathandizire mtengo;
3. Dzenje ndi nyemba zinatsanulira nthaka yonse popanda feteleza. Pa nthawi yomweyi, peyala yaing'ono imagwedezeka pang'ono kuti dziko lapansi likhoze kudzaza voids pakati pa mizu. Pamene tikufika Msuzi wa mizu iyenera kukhalapo masentimita asanu kapena asanu pamwamba pa nthaka;
4. Kubzala mtengo, mwabwino dulani pansi ndi mapazi awo, nutsanulire ndi ndowa zitatu, ndiyeno mulch mzere wa pristvolny ndi humus wouma. Ntchito yobzala imatha kumangiriza nyemba ku khola.

Kuti asamalire, "Muscovite" sikovuta kwambiri. Chikhalidwe chofunikira pa chitukuko chabwino ndi nthawi zonse kumasulidwa kwa dziko lapansi kuzungulira mtengo.

Choyamba chimasula mpaka mozama kwambiri 15 cm ankachita mwachindunji mutatha. Bwalo la Pristvolny nthawi zonse liyenera kukhala loyera komanso likhale ndi peat, humus kapena manyowa. Ndikofunika kuchotsa namsongole ndi zinyalala panthawi yake..

Madzi peyala Chofunika kamodzi pamlungu pa mlingo wa malita 10 a madzi pa mtengo umodzi m'mawa ndi mofanana madzulo. Makamaka kokwanira kuthirira ndikofunika za mapeyala July mpaka Augustikamabereka zipatso ndipo pamene masamba okolola amaikidwa pamtengo. Mitengo yothirira imasinthidwa malingana ndi nyengo.. Ndi September kuthirira kumasiya.

Kudyetsa mapeyala kungayambe chaka chotsatira mutabzala. Masika onse mtengo umalumikizidwa ndi ammonium nitrate pa maziko a 20 g pa 1 sq. M gudumu lozungulira.

Manyowa oyenera ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito zaka zitatu zilizonse kugwa. - pa 1 sq. m pa 50 g superphosphate, chidebe cha hafu ya kompositi kapena humus ndi 20 g wa potaziyamu sulphate.

Nkofunika - Mu nyengo yoyamba mutabzala ndikulimbikitsanso kuchotsa zonse zomwe zimapangidwira., kuti mtengo ukhale bwino.

Pa nyengo yokula peyala amafunikira kudulira. Ndikofunika kuchita kumayambiriro kwa masika isanayambe mphukira yopuma. Mukamabzala, nthambi zazing'ono zimadulidwa ndi magawo atatu kuti athe kuika korona mofulumira.

Mphukira imadulidwa pamene ikukula, pokhalabe malo apamwamba a otsogolera. Wathyoledwa nthambi zikukula mkati, kupindika ndi zofooka mphukira, nsonga. Ngati korona yawonongeka ndi kuzizira, nsonga zolimba zatsala ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa nthambi zotulutsa zipatso.

Mfundo yofunikira ndiyi pamene kudulira sikuchotsedwa kuposa kotala la nthambi zonseKuti asawonetse mtengo kuti ukhale wopanikizika kwambiri.

Ngati nthambi ya mtengo wachikulire imachotsedweratu, mdulidwe uyenera kupangidwa m'munsi (pa mphete) - chokani chinsalu si chofunika.

"Muscovite" ndikwanira ozizira osagwira. Komabe, kuti muteteze kutentha kwambiri kwa nyengo yozizira, nkofunika kuti mulch mtengo wa mtengo ndi kavalo humus. Shtamb ayenera kukulunga ndi zinthu zobisala zomwe zimalola mpweya kudutsa.. Kulimbana ndi hares ndi mbewa m'munsimu gawo la thunthu limakulungidwa bwino ndi ukonde wapadera kapena nthambi za coniferous zikudumpha.

Palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chisanu: Nika, Samara Kukongola, Svarog, Seredyanka Krasnoshchekaya ndi Uralochka.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Peyala "Muscovite" osiyana ndi kukana kwa zipatso zowola ndi nkhanambo. Pofuna kuteteza mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku selogia, dzimbiri ndi khansa ya bakiteriya, imakhala ndi mankhwala atatu ovuta. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito Bordeaux madzi kapena mankhwala olimba ngati "Skor", "Azofos", "Chorus", "Pennkotseb", "Delan" ndi ena

M'chaka kapena mochedwa kugwa, ndibwino kuti tithe kuthetsa kupopera mbewu yankho la urea (kuchokera 800 mpaka 900 g pa 10 malita a madzi). Kwa Kupewa matenda a fungal mitengo isanakwane mankhwala opangidwa ndi mkuwa kapena sulphate.

Pali mitundu yotsutsana ndi nkhanambo: Limonka, Lyra, Northerner wofiira-cheeked, Moscow oyambirira ndi Orlovskaya kukongola, mwachitsanzo.

Ofala kwambiri tizirombo ta peyala - pear sucker, leafworm, aphid wobiriwira, peyala mite, peyala njenjete. Nkhondo yolimbana ndi tizirombo imafuna njira iliyonse:

• Aphid wobiriwira. Yachitidwa katatu kupopera mbewu zomera: kumayambiriro kwa masika - Kinmiksom, pamaso maluwa - "Agravertin", ndi maonekedwe a ovari - Iskra. Njira zogwira mtima komanso zotchuka: Sopo wobiriwira, adyo ndi mabala a chamomile;
• Pear moth. Kuwonongedwa ndi mankhwala ndi mankhwala "Agravertin" musanafike pomwe mwamsanga maluwa. Kenako, milungu itatu pambuyo ottsvetaniya ntchito "Kinmiks";
• Nkhumba Yamatala. Mitengo imayambidwa musanayambe maluŵa "Karbofos", kutha kwa maluwa - "Agravertin" kapena "Iskra." Mphutsi ya sucker ikhoza kuwonongedwa mothandizidwa ndi fodya wa fodya, dandelion, yarrow, chamomile;
• Peyala mite. Kuwonongedwa mwa kuchiza mitengoyo ndi yankho colloidal sulfure.
• Mphepete mwazitsulo. Kuwoneka kwa tizilomboti kumathandiza kuti mitengo isapunthidwe ndi "Tsimbush" yokonzekera musanayambe maluwa.

Nthawi fruiting ndithudi amasonkhanitsidwa ndikuwonongedwa mphutsi. Yophukira iyenera kuyeretsedwanso. ziphuphu ndi nthambi kuchokera makungwa exfoliated, kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwotcha masamba onse ogwa, kuyeretsa thunthu, komanso pansi pa nthambi za chigoba.

Peyala "Muscovite" imakhala yabwino kwambiri ndipo imayenera kukhala mtengo wanu wokondedwa. Ndibwino, zingakupatseni kukolola kochuluka ndi zipatso zokoma - nyumba yosungira mavitamini ndi mchere.