Mtundu wa Plum umayimilidwa ndi mitundu yambiri yomwe imadziwika kwa wamaluwa.
Zina mwa izo ziyenera kuzindikiridwa phala kunyumba ndi mitundu yambiri, yomwe sizingatheke kuti Sindidziwe Smolinka.
Mbiri yobereka
Grade Smolinka zomwe zimapezeka ndi hybridation kuchokera ku Ochakovskaya chikasu ndi Renklod Willens mitundu ku All-Russian Selection ndi Technological Institute of Horticulture ndi Nursery Breeders S.N. Satarov ndi H.K. Enikeev.
Kufotokozera kwa Smolinka zosiyanasiyana
Mitundu ya mtundu wa zomera Smolinka adakongoletsa mafanizidwe ake osakaniza. Zipatso ndi zazikulu, magalamu 35, kapena 40, buluu ndi violet tinge, yomwe imakhala ndi mdima wandiweyani, womwe umapangitsa kuti ngakhale mdimawo, mvula yam'mimba ndi phokoso la pedicle sizitchulidwa.
Nyama ndi yachikasu ndi yobiriwira, yowutsa mudyo, yokoma, yopakatikatipa fupa. Maphunziro a Sukulu ya Smolinka - Mphamvu zazikulu zowonjezera, kufika mamita asanu wamtali ndi chotupa, chophimba.
Maluwawo amamera mwezi wa May ndi maluwa akulu oyera, omwe nthawi zambiri amasonkhanitsa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana siyimera, koma imabereka, zomera zimalowa fruiting m'chaka chachitatu kapena chachinai mutabzala.
Maluwa oyambirira angayambe kutsatizana ndi kubzala m'chaka, koma amafooketsa kambewu kakang'ono ndipo amafunika kuchotsedwa. Zipatso zimavundukula pakati pa mwezi wa August.
Grade Smolinka amalekerera bwino, nyengo yotentha chilimwe ndi yotsika yozizira. Pakati pa nyengo yoyera, zokolola pamtengo zimakwana 25 kilograms, imalekerera kutentha ndi chilala bwino. Matenda amatha kutsutsa.
Chithunzi
Mukhoza kuwona maonekedwe a mbola ya Smolinka m'chithunzi chili pansipa:
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Kuyala mazira kuyenera kukhala kumapeto kwa nyengo, kupatulapo mbande zomwe zimakhala m'mitsuko - zikhoza kuikidwa nthawi iliyonse, popeza mizu imakhala yochepa chabe.
Ndibwino kugula mbande osati wamkulu kuposa zaka ziwiri, wamkulu ndi chomera, ndiyeno kuwonjezereka kukuperekera. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Smolinka skoroplodny, zipatso m'chaka chachitatu kapena chachinai mutabzala.
Kuti ukhale ndi maula, uyenera kusankha malo a dzuwa ndi mphepo yochepa yomwe imakhala ndi mphepo yakumpoto, kutentha ndi kutentha kwambiri, zipatso zokoma komanso zazikulu kwambiri, ndipamwamba kwambiri.
Chabwino, ngati tsamba lanu liri ndi maula kapena chitumbuwa kapena zomerazi zimakhala m'minda ya oyandikana nawo ndipo ali pafupi kuti athe kutenga nawo mbali pollination. Ngati zomera zofunikira siziri pafupi, ziyenera kubzalidwa.
Smolinka ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imadzipangira komanso zomera zimafunika kuti mungu uzikhala ndi zipatso. Poyamba, mawonekedwewa akuwoneka kuti alibe zosiyana, koma pali ubwino wina: mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera idzakhazikika m'munda wanu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zipatso zidzakhala zosiyana, ndi zosiyana siyana.
Kupaka mungu kumathandiza kuti zokolola za samoplodnyh zikhale bwino.
Monga zomera zonse, maula amatha dothi lachonde ndi malo osalowerera ndale, koma palibe dothi lomwe silingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kwa Smolinka zosiyanasiyana, mtunda wa pakati pa mbande uyenera kukhala mamita 3 kapena 4, chifukwa mtengo umakula pafupifupi mamita asanu, mtunda wa pakati pa mizere ndi mamita atatu. Ndibwino, zomera zimakhala ndi kubala chipatso kwa zaka 25.
Kuzama kwa mabowo okwera ayenera kukhala osachepera 50 centimita, ndi madigiri - 80 mpaka 80 cm. Chidebe chimodzi cha humus, pafupi mazana awiri magalamu a superphosphate, masentimita makumi asanu a salitsi ya potaziyamu, fosholo la phulusa la nkhuni ndi mitsuko iwiri ya madzi idzafunika pa chodzala chimodzi.
Chaka choyamba cha moyo mutabzala mabala chimafuna kuthirira ngati dothi limauma, chomera chachikulu, chokhazikika, sichikufunanso zinyontho, koma nthawi yotentha ndi yozizira, kuthirira ndikofunikira kamodzi pa masabata awiri.
Mitengo ya anthu akuluakulu imayenera kuthiriridwa musanayambe maluwa, mutatha maluwa, komanso panthawi ya kuthira zipatso, ngati kulibe mvula mu theka lachiwiri la September, zomera zimangowonjezera madzi.
Muyenera kusamala ndi kuvala - zinthu zakuthupi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pa zaka zitatu zilizonse, ndipo nkofunika kuti musayambe kuzigwiritsa ntchito ndi mchere.
Chomera chowonjezera cha feteleza chimakula kwambiri kuposa kusowa, kusowa feteleza - njala, ndi poizoni wambiri, ndipo kuvala kumangokhala phindu la chomeracho, ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito ndi feteleza mosamalitsa molingana ndi malangizo kwa mankhwala, zomwe zikuvomerezedwa ndi asayansi akuyesera.
Chinthu chochititsa chidwi ndi kukonzekera kudyetsa mbewu za zomera, zimalimbikitsa kulimbitsa mbewu, kuchepetsa ubwino wa mbewu ndi zokolola zonse, ndipo zimakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mbeu.
Pakati pa zomera zazing'ono, dothi liyenera kukhala lomasuka ndi namsongole, ndipo mitengo ya mtengo iyenera kuthiridwa nthawi zonse komanso kumasulidwa. Pa izo mukhoza kudzala nyemba, strawberries, masamba.
Pristvolnye mabwalo osabzala si oyenera, ayenera kukumba musanayambe fruiting, ndiyeno kubzala masamba. Udzu pamalowa umamera pamene umakula, ndipo palimodzi ndi kukula kwake mumzuwo umatchetcha. Ngati sichichotsedwa, zokololazo zachepa kwambiri.
Kuteteza tizilombo ndi matenda
Ndi bwino, maula ndi otsutsana ndi matenda amtundu uliwonse, chomera chokhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu chimatha kuthetsa mitundu yonse ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Korona wokongoletsedwa bwino ndi kuwala kokwanira komanso mpweya wabwino sungakhale malo a bowa ndi nkhungu, ndipo mtengo umagwedezeka pa kuyeretsa ndi kuchenjeza sikungathe kubisala tizilombo tomwe timakhala tikutentha, fungal spores, nkhungu ndi ziboliboli ngati ma lichens ndi mosses. Ndipo pachaka mankhwala a Bordeaux madzi kuchokera ku matenda a fungal safunika, ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi 3% Nitrofen yankho ndi nthawi ya zaka zitatu idzakhala yopanda phindu.
Chiwerengero cha tizirombo timachepetsedwa kwambiri ngati kugwidwa kwa m'dzinja kwa masamba akugwa ndi moto wotsatizana ukuwonjezeredwa ku kuyeretsa ndi kuyera koyera.
Kupopera mbewu kuyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuzinthu zomwe zafotokozedwa mu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda musanayambe maluwa ndipo patatha maluwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda molingana ndi malangizo okonzekera. Njira zonse zoganiziridwa za agrotechnical sizili zovuta pakupha, ndipo zotsatira zake ndi zokolola zambiri pa zomera zathanzi.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya plum Smolinka, sichikhumudwitsa munthu amene amasankha kukula, adzasangalala ndi zokometsera zokoma za zipatso ndi zokongoletsera za mmera wokha kuchokera ku Mayi maluwa mpaka kukolola zipatso mu August.
