Peyala chipatso ndi zakudya zabwino kwambiri, zakudya zopanda phokoso zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa chakudya cha mwana kuyambira chaka.
Kuwonjezera pa peyala - ndi chokoma kwambiri!
Imodzi mwa mapepala omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi peyala Moscow oyambirira - Mndandanda wa zosiyana siyana, zithunzi za chipatso ndi ndondomeko ndi ndemanga za wamaluwa zokhudza malamulo odzala ndi kusamalira kwambiri m'nkhaniyi.
Ndi mtundu wanji?
Peyala oyambirira ya Moscow ndi imodzi mwa oyambirira kukhwima.
Kawirikawiri mitundu ya peyala imagawidwa mu mitundu itatu:
- chilimwe;
- autumn;
- nyengo yozizira
Mmodzi mwa maguluwa, nayenso, agawanika kukhala magawo atatu. Choncho m'nyengo za chilimwe zimatha kusiyanitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, pakati pa chilimwe ndi kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Poyala oyambirira a Moscow - amatanthauza kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.
Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana
Mitundu ya peyala ku Moscow oyambirira anabadwira mu 1991. Kusankhidwa kunasankhidwa ku Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (yomwe panopa ili ku Russia State Agrarian University).
Cuttings za zosiyanasiyana ndi analandira. kuchokera ku Vladimir Ivanovich Susov - Agronomist Wotchuka wa Russia, wofufuza kafukufuku m'munda wa Michurinsky.
Osati zosiyana zosiyanasiyana, zinachitika mwamsanga kuchokera kwa "makolo" ambiri, zabwino ku Northwest ndi Central Region, amayamba kubala chipatso pa zaka 6-7 za moyo.
Lada, Rossoshanskaya ndi wokongola, Muscovite, Noyabrskaya ndi Rogneda ndi abwino kwambiri m'madera amenewa.
Fotokozani mitundu Moscow oyambirira
Peyala mtengo mitundu Moscow oyambirira ili kufika mamita 4-5 mu msinkhu. Crohn yodzaza mapiritsi, mawonekedwe a pyramidal. Thunthu ndi nthambi zikuluzikulu zimakhala zobiriwira ndi pang'ono.
Zipatso ndi chiwerengero cha Susov mu kukula kwa 4, kulawa 5. Ngati ziwerengerozi zimasuliridwa m'chinenero cha wamba wamaluwa, kulemera kwa mapeyala kumafika kukula kwa 120 - 140 g, ndipo kukoma kwawo kuli kwangwiro: mchere wambiri, kusungunuka m'kamwa ndi fungo lonunkhira.
Maonekedwe ake oyambirira a Moscow ndi chipatso zolondola zozungulira conical mawonekedwe. Khungu lakuda, lakuda chikasu chobiriwirapamene mkati mwa nthawi ya kukula msinkhu kumawonekera kumenyana kuchokera kumbali imodzi.
Nsalu ya pamwambayi ndi mithunzi ya madontho ofiira-alanje. Mukadula peyala, idzatsegulidwa mkati mnofu wonyezimira, wobiriwira kapena woyera.
Chithunzi
Zizindikiro
Kupereka mapeyala A Moscow oyambirira breeder Susov mwiniwakeyo anawerengera pamlingo wake ngati zamphamvu zinayi ndi chizindikiro chapamwamba cha mfundo zisanu.
Mwachibadwa zimenezo Zokolola zimasiyana malinga ndi chaka, chilengedwe, mtengo wa chisamaliro. Makamaka omvera peyala Moscow oyambirira pa kuthiriraNdi kangati nthawi ya chilimwe ndikofunikira ndipo kufotokozedwa kwa kusamalira peyala kumaphatikizidwanso m'nkhaniyi.
Pakuti chisanu kukana (kapena yozizira hardiness), mtundu uwu wa peyala woperekedwa mu tebuloyi chiwerengero cha 4.5.
Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, monga mitundu yoyambirira ikuyamba kukula msanga, pamene pali ngozi yobwerera usiku chisanu.
Peyala mitundu komanso amasiyana wabwino chisanu kukana: Svetlyanka, Severyanka, Tonkovka, Sverdlovchanka, Perun ndi Orlovskaya kukongola.
Oyambitsa zinyama ku Moscow oyambirira akhoza kutumikira mitundu yambiri ya mapeyala oyambirira, yotchedwa Central Russia.
Zipatso zipse kumapeto kwa July - oyambirira August wokongola kwambiri. Chokhacho chokha cha mitundu yoyambirirayo, komanso Moscow oyambirira mitundu makamaka - yosungirako. Mapeyala amasungidwa ngakhale m'firiji yabwino. kuyambira masiku asanu mpaka masabata awiri opitirira.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Kubzala mbande kungapangidwe zonse m'chaka ndi m'dzinja. Bzalani usanafike nyengo yozizira, zomera nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosasunthika kwambiri, koma komabe m'madera a gulu lopakati muyenera kukhala otetezeka ndikusankha nthawi yobzala kasupe, chifukwa ndiye mbewuyo idzakhala nayo nthawi yowonjezera nyengo ya chilimwe ndipo siidzasintha.
Malo a peyala ayenera kusankhidwa. dzuwa ndi kutentha. Mthunzi uliwonse wa mtengo udzayankha zofooka ndipo, motero, mbewu zing'onozing'ono ndi zazing'ono.
Gowo la peyala ayenera kukumba pasadakhale. Ili ndilo lamulo. Choyenera - kubzala m'chaka cha kugwa ayenera kukumba maenje. Izi ndi zofunika kuti dothi likhazikike ndipo lisakhalenso lopunduka. Apo ayi, pali ngozi yoti mizu yazuyo idzagwa pansi, yomwe siilandiridwa kwa mitengo ya peyala.
Mulimonsemo, sabata ndilo lamulo lothandizira kulanda nthaka.
Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa pansi, momwe peyala imabzalidwa ndipo zimadalira momwe zimakhalira komanso nthawi yokolola.
Mthunzi wakufukula umadzala ndi nthaka yachonde, yotayirira. Mukhoza kusakaniza ndi sheshell, phulusa, superphosphate. Ndiye - Onetsetsani kuti muzimwa. Ndi bwino ngati madzi akufunda - madigiri 20-25.
Ndipo mulching kuti nthaka iume. Zimadalira kwambiri kuthirira pa nthawi yonse ya chitukuko cha mtengo wa peyala. Koma Amaletsedwanso kulola kubzala kumalo ozizira, amchere, nthaka yozizira.
Zingakhale zolondola kwambiri kuti mukhazikitse chitsulo cholimba pakatikati pa kukwera. Adzathandiza kuima ndi kupanga bwino peyala.
Samalani pamene mukufika kotero kuti mizu yayikidwa ndipo palibe zowonongeka m'dera lawo. Amalangizidwa kuti awononge pang'ono mkati ndi kunja kwa dzenje lakudzala.
Feteleza akhoza idyani mapeyala kuyambira chaka chachiwiri cha moyo wake. Mchere wamchere Zingapangidwe mu kugwa ndi masika. Ndipo apa Organic ndi bwino kuti musamachitire nkhanza.Ndi nthaka yachonde kamodzi pakatha zaka zitatu - kuchuluka kokwanira.
M'chaka, mumatha kupanga saltpeter (yosungira 30 g pa mita imodzi) ndi carbamide (100 g). Pofika m'dzinja mukhoza kudya phosphorous ndi potaziyamu.
Kudulira kwa mapeyala oyambirira a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ofunika kwambiriChifukwa korona wamphamvu ya mtengo amafunika kupanga mapangidwe ndi kupatulira nthawi zonse, kuti asamthunzi maluwa ndi zipatso.
Matenda odwala ndi owuma, mphukira za pachaka ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Kwa ichi gwiritsani ntchito secateurs okha, pokhalapo kale ndi disinfected izo. Kudulidwa nthawi zambiri mu kugwa mutatenga zipatso.
Mitengo yaing'ono ikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba. Makamaka pansi pa mizu yoziziraChoncho, mutatha kusonkhanitsa masamba, perekani kanyumba kakang'ono ka utuchi ndi mzere wozungulira, ndiyeno ikani nthambi zokhota. Chinthu chokha ndichokutsimikizira kuti sichikuwombedwa ndi mphepo yam'mbuyo-yozizira. Mutha kuwaza ndi chisanu.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Kukaniza kwa chimodzi mwa matenda ofala - nkhanambo Susov inavomereza pa 4.
Koma sikulepheretsa kudziwa zizindikiro za matenda. Choyamba - pali madontho achikasu kuseri kwa pepala, zomwe zimakhala mawanga a bulauni. Ndiye, anakhudzidwa masamba azipiringa ndi kugwa.
Kukaniza matenda kungadzitamande: Samara Kukongola, Mutu, Bere Russkaya, Yakovlevskaya ndi Fairy.
Mungathe kulimbana ndi matendawa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa m'chaka Bordeaux madzi. Komanso kulabadira kupewa matenda, kusonkhanitsa ndi kuyaka kapena composting masamba akugwa.
Matenda onga fungal - khansara yakuda. Zikuwoneka ngati mawanga ofiira pa makungwa ndi masamba komanso ngakhale zipatso. Chithandizo - njira yothetsera mkuwa wa sulfate ndi kuchotsa padera magulu a khungwa.
Dry ndi nyengo yotentha zingayambitse powdery mildew. Zizindikiro za matendawa - masamba otulidwa, ophimbidwa ndi maluwa oyera. Izi zingapewe ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi njira yothetsera sulfure.
Mwa tizirombo tiyenera kudziwika njenjete. East ndi peyala. Izi ndi timagulugufe timene timayamwa mazira kapena masamba a inflorescences.
Pambuyo popanga mbozi ndikuwuluka, kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chipatso kumachitika. Njira zoletsa - kumangirira malamba, misampha ya pheromone, mayesero odzitetezera, kuyeretsa matendawa.
Kuchokera nkhupakupa kuwononga peyala peyala bulauni zipatso mite ndi ndulu mite. Nkhondo - kupopera mbewu panthawi ya maluwa a mtundu uliwonse wa acaricides, koma makamaka mitundu yosiyana siyana pofuna kupewa kuledzera ndi kukana tizirombo.
Gulugufe wa tsikulo ndi loopsa - hawthorn. Mphutsi zake zimadya masamba a peyala kukhala zochepa mitsempha ndipo zimasokoneza kwambiri mtengo. Njira zoletsa - Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kuchotsa maluwa namsongole omwe amakopeka ndi lepidoptera.
Kawirikawiri m'munda muli matenda otsatirawa a mitengo ya zipatso: //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html, Kutentha, bakiteriya kutentha.
Peyala ndi yopanda chidwi kwambiri kuposa mtengo wamba wa apulo m'dera la Middle-kati, koma ndi chisamaliro chomwe chimapereka mphoto kwa wochulukitsa.
