Kwa zaka zambiri, mapeyala analeredwa makamaka ku Ulaya mbali ya Russia. Mkhalidwe wovuta wa madera akummawa sunapangitse kufalikira kwa mtundu wa chikhalidwe cha zipatso izi. Ku Siberia ndi Kum'maŵa kwa Kum'mawa, zolima zakutchire (Dikki) ndizo zokhazo zomwe zimayimira peyala.
Mkhalidwewo unasintha kwambiri muzaka zoyambirira za makumi awiri, pamene ku Khabarovsk wofalitsa A. Lukashov. anayamba kugwira ntchito yolima mitundu yatsopano yolima. Chimodzi mwa zotsatira za ntchito yake Peyala zosiyanasiyana Mutu, kufotokozera ndi chithunzi cha chipatso chomwe - pambuyo pake pamutu.
Ndi mtundu wanji?
Pogwiritsa ntchito peyala Chophimba ndizosiyana mitundu yozizira.
Mbiri yobereka ndi madera ogawidwa
Chifukwa cha kusankha Lukashov A.M. anatenga zachilengedwe zakuthengo - Ussuri pear. Mitengo ya mitundu imeneyi inagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza maluwa osiyanasiyana "Chizungu cha Finnish".
Mu 1917, zipatso zoyamba za mbande zosakanizidwa zinawonekera. M'tsogolo muno, nkhaniyi inakhala maziko a mapangidwe osiyanasiyana a mapeyala, otchedwa Mutu.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za 40s, mankhwalawa adasamutsidwa ku State test and adalimbikitsa kulima m'munda Madera a Kum'mawa kwa Kum'mawa ndi Kumadzulo. M'tsogolomu, peyala Mitu ikulengeza kudera lonse lakummawa kudera la Mtsinje.
Mitundu yotsatira ikuyenda bwino m'madera awa: Krasulia, Lada, Favorite Yakovleva, Nursery ndi Decakrinka.
Zolemba zadongosolo
Ganizirani mosiyana mawonekedwe a mtengo ndi zipatso.
Mtengo
Mitengo yoperekedwa mitundu yayitali. Khalani ndi zambiri korona wandiweyani wakuzungulira.
Kuchokera pa thunthu, nthambi za chigoba zimachoka pambali yozungulira kuchokera ku mfundo imodzi ("whorls"). Makungwa a mitengo amachoka, mtundu wofiirira.
Masamba pa mphukira zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira (kuzungulira kumunsi ndi kutsogolo pamwamba), pang'ono kupindika, pali phokoso labwino pamphepete.
Mdima wonyezimira kunja kwa masambawo uli ndi mdima wonyezimira, mbali yamunsi ya masamba ndi yowopsya, yaying'ono ya pubescent (pakati), ndipo ili ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Maluwa mapeyala oyera monochrome, kukula kwapakati.
Zipatso
Mitundu ya peyala M'nthaŵi ya misa fruiting ya mitengo kukula kwake, kulemera kwake pakati pa 110 ndi 130 g. Mbewu zachinyamata zimapereka zipatso zazikulu - kuyambira 150 mpaka 200 g.
Zipatso za mitundu yosiyana ndizosafanana, zakhala ndi mawonekedwe akuluakulukuwala kofiira. Kuchokera kumbali yomwe ikuyang'ana dzuwa, mapeyala amapangidwa phula lofiira lofiira.
Khungu la chipatsocho ndi lofewa, lopweteka pang'ono mpaka kumakhudza, liri ndi mfundo zambiri zakuda zakuda. Tsinde lalitali (kuyambira 2 mpaka 4 cm), lakuda, kanyumba kakang'ono.
Chipatso zamkati zoyera, zofiira, zosakanikirana, zamadzimadzi, zonunkhira. Zipatso ziri zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano mawonekedwe ndi maziko a kusungirako (madzi, kupanikizana, kupanikizana).
Mitundu ya mitundu ya peyala Mutu:
| Kupanga | Chiwerengero cha |
|---|---|
| Sahara | 10-11% |
| Ascorbic acid | 19.5 mg / 100 g |
| Odzola | mpaka 0,6% |
| Zinthu zapectic | 0,3% |
Chithunzi
Zizindikiro
M'madera akuluakulu a kulima (Siberia ndi Far East) zipatso kuthamanga kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira (kumayambiriro kwa September). M'mizinda, mu nyengo zovuta, mbewu imakololedwa mu August.
Mapeyala a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kufika kukhwima, amatsitsa pansi. Mogwirizana ndi izi Mbeu imachotsedwa pamtengo mwamsanga.
Zosangalatsa za zipatso zimaonekera patatha masiku 3-5 kuchokera pakabedi.
Ngati mukufuna mapeyala osiyanasiyana, samverani ku Cosmic, Marble, Karataevskaya, Kupava ndi Talgar Beauty.
Sungani nthawi yosungirako popanda zinthu zapadera sizidutsa milungu itatu. Pokhala yosungirako ndi nyengo yokoka, zipatso sizikutaya katundu wawo. mkati mwa miyezi iwiri.
Kalasi "Mutu" - wodzikonda. Mitengo yabwino kwambiri yopanga mungu wosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya mapeyala "Olga", "Fields" ndi "Palmyra".
Mitengo ya zipatso chaka chilichonse. Kawirikawiri zokolola m'minda ndi 12,000 kg / ha (30-40 makilogalamu pamtengo). Chizindikiro chapamwamba chinayikidwa pa mlingo wa 26,000 kg / ha.
Mitengo yozizira ya mitengo yozizira imakhala yaikulu kwambiri popereka mapeyala omwe ali pamtunda. Kumadera otsika, zomera zimawombera pang'ono.
Kukaniza kalasi ndi zabwino.
Amalekerera nyengo zosiyanasiyana za nyengo. - kuchulukitsa kapena kusowa kwa chinyezi m'nthaka.
Mitundu yambiri yamaperesi imaphatikizapo: mapeyala a duchess, Extravaganza, Bere Bosk, Bere Russkaya ndi Tonkovetka.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Mapeyala a zosiyanasiyana osati makamaka kuumirira ku zikhalidwe za kukula. Zimakula bwino pa nthaka zosiyanasiyana.
Musasowe madzi okwanira nthawi zonse kapena madzi okwanira.
Chikhalidwe chokha cha kukula kwa mitengo ndi malo awo Zowonongeka (kuteteza kuzizira).
Kusamalira mitengo kumaphatikizapo kupopera mbewu mankhwala, kuwonongeka kwa nthambi za matenda ndi zouma za zipatso zowonongeka.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Wokongola kukana //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html. Matenda otsalira omwe ali ndi peyala, amakhudza mitengo yonse.
Pofuna kuthana ndi khansa yakuda, mabakiteriya amawotcha, zowola zipatso, dzimbiri ndi powdery mildew, kupopera mankhwala ndi mankhwala ndi zowonongeka komanso njira zothandizira zomera ndi nthaka pozungulira.
Pakati pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwira ntchito njenjete ndi njenjete. Amatha kuwononga mbewu zonse, ngati nthawi sizitenga zowononga. Nthaŵi zonse amaonedwa kuti ndi opambana kwambiri. kupopera mbewu mitengo ndi fungicides.
Dera Rossoshanskaya, Osennaya Yakovleva, Larinskaya, Svarog ndi Severyanka Krasnoshchekaya akuwonetsani bwino kutsitsika kwa nkhanambo.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zosiyanasiyana. Zolinga za chitukuko.
Zopindulitsa zazikuluzikuluzi zikuphatikizapo mkulu wachisanu hardinessokwanira zipatso zazikulu ku dera la Siberia ndi ku Far East, zokolola zabwino, kukana nyengo yovuta.
Zowononga zingaganizidwe m'malo mwachisomo chosakanikirana zipatso, chizolowezi chawo chogwa ndi zokolola zochepa.
Pakali pano sizimafalikira kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pantchito yoswana.
