Matenda a masamba ambiri amadziwika ndi dzimbiri. Zizindikiro, chithandizo, njira zopewera

Kutupa - Imeneyi ndiyo matenda omwe amafala kwambiri masamba, omwe peyala yonse imadwala.

Kuvulaza mtengo, kumabweretsa kwambiri ndipo sikungakhudze peyala, komanso mtengo wa apulo, quince ndi zipatso zina zambiri.

Maonekedwe a dzimbiri ndi osavuta kuzindikira. Ndikofunikira kupeza tsamba la tsamba la pang'onopang'ono ndi kuyamba kutentha, ndiye peyala ndi mbewu zidzapulumutsidwa, ndipo dzimbiri lidzagonjetsedwa.

Ngati mukumana ndi matenda ngati dzimbiri pa peyala ndipo simukudziwa kuti chithandizo ndi chofunika bwanji pa matendawa, ndiye mu nkhani ino mudzapeza njira zomwe muyenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito kusiyana ndi kuchiza ndi kupopera.

Kodi dzimbiri la peyala ndi liti?

Matope a peyala - Ili ndi bowa lofalitsa spores, kuchiza ndi kulimbana ndizovuta kwambiri, mu nkhani yomwe muwona zithunzi za matendawa pamasamba.

Zimakhudza kwambiri masamba, koma nthawi zina mphukira komanso chipatso cha peyala. Waukulu Wonyamula matendawa ndi mjunipira. Nthawi zonse iye ndiye woyamba kuvutika ndi dzimbiri.

Pa juniper, dzimbiri limawonekera ngati mawonekedwe a chikasu otupa, momwe bowa lochuluka limachuluka.

Njira yoyenera ya peyala ingakhale kupezeka kwa maluwa ambirimbiri, ndiye dzimbiri siloopsya.

Koma izi sizili choncho nthawi zonse, chifukwa mkungudza ukhoza kukula m'deralo. Kenaka mudzawona zithunzi za matenda a peyala "dzimbiri" - izi zidzakuthandizani kuzindikira matendawa ndi zizindikiro zakunja.

Chithunzi

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngozi panthawi yake?

Zizindikiro

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zikuwonekera pamasamba a peyala kale kumapeto kwa April. Pamwamba pa masamba, mawanga aang'ono a malalanje amaoneka ndi malire a chikasu.

Iwo amakula msanga, amdima ndipo amadzazidwa ndi utoto wofiira wofanana ndi nkhungu. Pakapita nthawi, ngati matendawa sali kuchiritsidwa, awonekera kumbuyo kwa masamba kukula kwazing'ono, ngati mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono a singano.

Zili ndi spores za bowa, zomwe kachiwirinso msuzi ndi maapulo onse ndi mapeyala akukula pafupi.

Masamba okhudzidwa amauma ndipo posachedwa amagwa.

Mtengo wopanda masamba uli wofooka kwambiri; kuchepetsa chitetezo chokwanirandipo ngati sichidzachitapo nthawi, icho amasiya kubereka zipatso ndipo akhoza kufa.

Nthawi zina dzimbiri limakhudza mphukira, nthambi ndi zipatso za peyala. Mphukira zambiri zimasiya kukula, kuzizira, zimakhala ndi mabala ofiira ndi achikasu komanso zowuma.

Ndi kugonjetsedwa kofooka, makungwa pa nthambi ndi thunthu zimang'amba. Kodi mungathandize bwanji peyala?

Chithandizo

Ambiri wamaluwa, atatha kupeza peyala m'munda wawo, akuyang'ana mayankho a mafunso awa: Ndi njira ziti zotsutsana? Momwe mungachitire ndi kupopera?

Nthawi yomweyo mungathe kuyankha kuti kuchotsa matenda a peyala monga dzimbiri ndi kovuta kwambiri, koma apa mudzapeza malingaliro onse ndi njira zolimbana.

Mphungu amayamba kupopera kumayambiriro kwa masika, mothandizidwa ndi kukonzekera kwakapadera: Saprole (triforin). Chitani mankhwala oterowo masiku onse 7 mpaka 9.

Matenda a peyala monga nkhanambo, dzimbiri, powdery mildew amathandizidwa ndi systemic fungicides.

Pear mankhwala ndi dzimbiri mu kugwa masamba atagwa kwathunthu kapena masika, maluwa asanayambe kutukuka, akuchitidwa ndi 5% yankho la urea ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.

Fungicides ndondomeko ya peyala nthawi zonse, osachepera 4-5 nthawi pa nyengo.

Chithandizo choyamba ndi mankhwala alionse Gwiritsani ntchito kutupa kwa impso.

Kumayambiriro kwa masika, mtengo ukhoza kuchiritsidwa ndi 1% Bordeaux osakaniza kapena mkuwa oxychloride.

Mankhwalawa amachitidwa bwino pa kutentha kwabwino komwe kumakhala kozizira komanso kotentha.

Kupopera mankhwala kachiwiri kumayambira pachiyambi cha maluwa, lachitatu - mwamsanga pambuyo pake, lachinayi - pambuyo pa masiku khumi.

Thandizo lothandiza polimbana ndi dzimbiri mankhwala awa:
Kuproksat (copper sulphate) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kangapo 4 pachaka, komanso Bordeaux osakaniza (50 ml pa ndowa ya madzi).

Sulfure yamakoloni imagwiritsidwa ntchito 5 nthawi pa nyengo: mapepala asanayambe maluwa, mutatha maluwa, panthawi ya mapangidwe a zipatso ndi pambuyo pa tsamba kugwa (40 magalamu pa ndowa yonse).

Poliram imathandizanso ndi zizindikiro za dzimbiri. Mankhwalawa amachitika maulendo 4.

Choyamba - kumayambiriro kwa kutupa kwa impso, wachiwiri - pakupanga masamba, lachitatu - pambuyo maluwa, ndi chachinayi - pa zipatso zochepa zomwe zimatuluka.

Pachifukwa ichi, kupopera mbewu kotsiriza sikuyenera kuchitika pasanathe miyezi iwiri isanakwane kukolola (2 magalamu pa chidebe cha madzi).

Ndikuthamanga ndi fungicide yomwe imathandiza kuthetsa osati dzimbiri, komanso nkhanambo ndi matenda ena osasangalatsa a peyala. Zimagwiritsidwa katatu pachaka: mapepala asanayambe maluwa ndi pambuyo. Mankhwalawa ndi othandiza kwa masiku 20 (2 ml pa chidebe cha madzi).

Bayleton (triadimefon) - Mankhwala abwino ochiritsira, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi maulendo 5-6 pa nyengo (10 magalamu pa ndowa).

Choyamba kukonza makamaka zomwe zimachitika pachizindikiro choyamba cha matenda. Chachiwiri ndipo kenako, ndi nthawi ya masabata 2-4.

Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March onse mphukira ndi nthambi zimadulidwa, kutenga 5-10 masentimita a minofu yathanzi.

Zida zochepetsera ziyenera kuwonongedwa bwino ndi mowa, ndipo mfundo zochepetsedwa ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi mkuwa wa sulphate ndikuphimbidwa ndi brew.

M'dzinja, pambuyo pa kugwa kwa masamba onse, nthawizonse bwino spray peyala ndi mphamvu ya urea (700 g pa chidebe cha madzi).

Nthaka kuzungulira mtengo nthawi zonse imamasulidwa, namsongole ndi kukumba m'nyengo yozizira. Musaiwale za kukhazikitsa kwa phosphate-potaziyamu feteleza ndi nthawi zonse kuyeretsa masamba. Koma kuchokera ku ntchito ya feteleza feteleza ndibwino kuti asiye. Ngati pali mwayi wotere, ndi bwino kuchotsa mlimi wamaluwa pafupi, kapena kuyesetsa kuteteza peyala.

Amaluwa ena amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amtundu wambiri. Monga kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa la matabwa (500 magalamu pa chidebe cha madzi) ndi kulowetsedwa kwa slurry. Komabe, njira zoterezi sizimabweretsa zotsatira zowoneka bwino, ndipo zimakhala zokhazokha monga njira zothandizira.

Phunzirani za matenda ena omwe mungapeze m'munda wanu: //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html, Khansa ya Bacterial Grape, Anthracnose, Chlorosis, Bacteriosis, Bakteria Burn of Pear.

Kupewa

Mfundo yofunika kwambiri poteteza mtengo ku dzimbiri ndi Kuyika mbande ya peyala monga momwe zingathere kuchokera kumtundu uliwonse wa coniferous.

Ngati izi sizingatheke, ngaleyo imasiyanitsidwa ndi iwo pogwiritsa ntchito linga lapamwamba kapena pulogalamu yapadera.

Nthawi zonse amafunika nthawi yake peyala kudulira. Poyeretsa masamba akugwa, pangani dothi lozungulira mtengowo.

Kupewa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika ndi 1% Bordeaux osakaniza kapena mkuwa uliwonse wokonzekera katatu pa nyengo.

Choyamba kukonza ankachitidwa pamaso pa masamba oyambirira, wachiwiri - pambuyo pa maluwa ndipo, pambuyo pa masiku 12-14 - lachitatu. Ngati peyala silingagwiritsidwe ndi nkhanambo ndipo nthawi zonse imachiritsidwa ndi matendawa, ndiye kuti palibe kupopera mankhwala kupopera.

Pamene zizindikiro zoyamba za dzimbiri zikuwonekera pamzere wambiri wa juniper, amathandizidwanso mosamala ndipo nthambi zonse zowonongeka zimadulidwa.

Mitundu yotsutsa

Pakati pa nyengo za chilimwe zosagonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri: Rapidly, Williams, Ilyinka, Shuga, Bere Giffard, Chizhovskaya.

Kuchokera ku mitundu yotsutsa yosagonjetseka tingazindikire: Bere Bosk, Autumn Deck, Borovinka Red.

Mitengo yachisanu sikhudzidwa kwambiri ndi dzimbiri: Bere Liguel, wachi Belarusian mochedwa, Yakovlevskaya, Nika.

Pofuna kuteteza maonekedwe a dzimbiri pa tsambali, ndikofunika kusunga zinthu zina: chitetezeni peyala kumudzi ndi mkungudza kapena conifers, nthawi zonse muzitsuka ndi kuthira mtengo, ndikuwongolera ndi fungicides pofuna kupewa.

Powasamalira bwino komanso chitetezo cha panthawi yake, dzimbiri limatha kupewa. Matenda alionse ndibwino kupewa kusiyana ndi kuchiza. Ndipo pankhani ya dzimbiri - mochuluka kwambiri.

Kulimbana nalo ndi kovuta kwambiri., ngakhale pambuyo pochiritsidwa kwathunthu kwa mtengowo, ukupitirizabe kuchitidwa mwamphamvu kwa zaka zingapo.

Yang'anani kanema pa dzimbiri pa peyala.