Dzina Dzina Pusenko (Polyavko) amadziwika bwino pakati winegrowers. Nkhani ya banja inali yawo yokondweretsa ndi kulima chomera chodabwitsa ichi.
Pali mitundu yoposa 200 mu Pusenko mpesa, iliyonse yomwe ili yapadera mwa njira yakeyake. Ndipo aliyense ali ndi teknoloji yake ya kulima, kulima nthaka, komanso njira zopangira ndi kusungiramo zipatso.
Sizingatheke kunena za mitundu yonse, zochepetsera ndi zosiyana siyana zomwe zili m'zinenero za banja lino.
Ntchito yayitali komanso yovuta kwambiri kuyesa mitundu yatsopano ndi kukonzanso zakale ikufotokozedwa m'nkhani zambiri zokhudzana ndi malo a winegrowers; izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito ya sayansi ya obereketsa. Tidzatenga mitundu yochepa chabe ya Pusenko, yomwe iye mwiniyo amamuyitanira kuti amamukonda.
Pusenko ankakonda mphesa
Muscat chilimwe
Anapezedwa ndi kusankha Pierrel ndi Mfumukazi ya minda yamphesa.
Makhalidwe ofunika:
- Mphesa woyera wa tebulo.
- Wolimba.
- Amuna ndi akazi
- Bwetsani masiku 100 - 120 mutatha mphukira.
- Masamba ochokera 700 magalamu kufika kilogalamu, wandiweyani, wogwirizana.
- Berry oval, pafupifupi, mpaka 9 magalamu.
- Nyama ndi yowutsa.
- Muskat kukoma.
Zosangalatsa, zokoma, ndizopeza zenizeni kwa wamaluwa, mabulosi samatuluka. Muscat chilimwe chimalola kulephera. 80 peresenti ya mphukira imabereka zipatso. Samaopa otsika, mpaka madigiri -25, kutentha.
Kutsekedwa, Flamingo ya Pink ndi Kukongola kwa Kumpoto kukuwonetsani chisanu chabwino cha chisanu.
Pa mpesa akhoza kukhala 40 - 45 masamba (wintering masamba). Ndibwino kuti muzidula maso khumi ndikupewa kupewa.
Chenjezo: Maskiti a ku Summer amakonda malo ouma komanso otentha kwambiri. Malo otsika ndi dothi m'derali amatsutsana. Maphunzirowa amafika pamtunda wouma komanso wotentha. Zipatso mu zaka zowonongeka zimakhala ndi imvi zowola. Nkhumba za kangaude ndizoopsa kwa izi zosiyanasiyana.
Chithunzi cha Muscat chilimwe mphesa:
Mphatso kwa Irina
Mtundu wosakanizidwa Kesha 1 x Glasha ndi Elegant ndi wapamwamba kwambiri.
Makhalidwe ofunika:
- Kubala mphesa yofiira Vishnevetsky.
- Avereji kutalika.
- Bzalani amuna ndi akazi okhaokha.
- Kutha msambo mpaka masiku 130.
- Maburashiwa ndi aakulu kwambiri, alipo 1.5 kilograms.
- Zipatso zimakhala zolemera makilogalamu 20, kukoma kokoma, ngati marmalade. Khungu ndi lalikulu. Maburashi akhoza kukhala ataliatali pa tchire ndipo osataya konse mu kukoma.
- Zipatso zosakanikirana sizimasokoneza, zomera sizikudwala.
Mitundu ngati Kadinali, Ataman Pavlyuk ndi Tabor zimasiyana ndi zipatso zazikulu.
Zina mwa zolephera: m'nyengo yozizira muyenera kutentha, kuphimba.
Zithunzi za mphesa Mphatso Irina:
Tason
Gulu la mphesa zobiriwira za pinki, zomwe omwera vinyo ambiri amakonda.
Makhalidwe ofunika:
- Zosakanizidwa mosiyanasiyana.
- Nthawi yokhwimitsa - oyambirira (kuchokera masiku 100).
- Madzu ndi amphamvu kwambiri, amphamvu.
- Theka mphukira zimabereka.
- Muluwo wapangidwa bwino, kulemera kwake ndi 800 magalamu kufika 1 kilogalamu.
- Berry kulemera - 5 magalamu, nthawi zina mpaka 8 magalamu.
- Mphuno ya Berry, yokongola ya pinki, mnofu ndi wochepa kwambiri. Kuchokera kuthengo kusonkhanitsa 30 - 50 maburashi.
- Good lezhkost.
Tason sakonda chisanu, amapirira kutentha kwa kuzizira mpaka madigiri -22. Osakhazikika ku matenda a fungal.
Chikondi cha kutentha n'chosiyana ndi Hadji Murat, Cardinal ndi Ruta.
Zosangalatsa: izi zosiyanasiyana zinapezeka ku All-Russian Research Institute ya Viticulture ndi Wine Making (VNIIViV). Potapenko ku mitundu Italy ndi Zorevoy. Zimayendetsedwa bwino ndi nyengo yathu, zimatha kupereka zokolola ziwiri - ana opeza amakhalanso ndi zipatso. Kukoma koyambirira ndi kukoma kwabwino kunapangitsa kuti zikhale zotchuka m'madera onse. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kudzala mbande kumbali yakumwera, komwe kudzakhala dzuwa lambiri.
Chithunzi cha mphesa Tason:
Rylais pink sidilis
Tebulo lodabwitsa-mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pinki, imene yapezeka ku Russia.
Makhalidwe ofunika:
- Kumayambiriro, kwa masiku 100-105 zipatso zimapsa.
- Kutentha mwamphamvu.
- Magulu osakanikirana, olemera 100 mpaka 300 magalamu.
- Mitengo yaying'ono, 1, 5 - 2 gm, cylindrical.
- Kukoma kosangalatsa, ndi fungo la labruska.
- Zosamera.
- Khungu ndi lolemera, kuchotsedwa ndi thumba.
- Akuwombera bwino, pafupifupi 80 peresenti.
- Zipatso mpaka 50 peresenti ya mphukira.
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yopanda chisanu, siopsya ngakhale - 30.
- Sichifuna kubisala.
- Kulimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.
Mitundu yopanda mbewu imaphatikizaponso Attika, Super early seedless ndi Pink.
Chenjezo: chinyezi chowonjezera chimayambitsa zipatso.
Chithunzi cha mphesa Rylais pink sidilis:
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Monga tafotokozera kale, pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ogulitsa vinyo a Volgograd pali mitundu yambiri yosiyana, ngakhale iwo amakonda mapuloteni a pinki ndi mankhwala abwino.
Koma kupewa ndikofunika kwambiri. Choncho, za kusamalira munda, Natalia Pusenko amauzanso zambiri.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi mavu?
Gonjetsani minda yamphesa yambiri - zilonda, zolengedwa zochepa zomwe zimatha kudutsa paliponse. Iwo samakhudza chipatso mpaka zipatso imodzi kapena zingapo zakula ndi kupasuka.
Koma pambuyo pawo palibe chipulumutso, amadya, akuyamwitsa, zipatso zonse. Zotsalira za zipatso zowonongeka zimakhala malo ozaza majeremusi omwe amachititsa matenda a mpesa.
Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, mukhoza kuyika misampha ya mavu (mukhoza kuwapanga kuchokera ku botolo la pulasitiki losavuta) ndi madzi okoma kapena nsomba yovunda, yosowa nyama, chifukwa mapuloteni amakopa abambo.
Mungathe kukonzekera ndi kuwonongera zidutswa za poizoni, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toopsa: ma boric acid, dichlorvos kuchokera ku tizilombo touluka, poizoni pamphepo.
Ngati tizilombo timayamba kumenyana ndi masango, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyesedwa. Mwachitsanzo, kukulunga mulu wa nsalu yansalu, jekeseni, kuvala matumba ake omwe amamangidwa bwino. Chovala chachikale cha nsalu chingathandizenso.
Chenjerani: kukwapula kwapweteka kumapweteka kwambiri, kwa ena kukwawa kwawo kumakhala koopsa. Pofuna kulimbana ndi tizilombo, onetsetsani kuti mumagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoteteza, maski, magolovesi.
Phylloxera ndi ena
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono - mtundu umodzi wa nsabwe za m'masamba - ukhoza kuwononga mahekitala masauzande a minda yamphesa. Amadyetsa zomera zowonjezera, akuyamwa kuchokera ku mipesa, mizu, ndi masamba. Wosusuka kwambiri. Ndipo mabala omwe amachititsa kuti alowe mkati mwawo.
Ngati mupeza zotupa pafupi ndi rhizome, masamba ndi pamtengo wamphesa omwe anafera m'dera mwanu, nthawi yomweyo tengani njira zowonongeka.
Chotsani nthaka ku fossa yomwe mpesa unakula, imitsani malo ndi hexachlorane ndikuphimbe dziko lapansi. Ndikofunikira nthawi zingapo kupanga tchire ndi kukonza mankhwala, koma palibe amene wanena njira yowonjezera kuposa chiwonongeko cha chomera.
Pafupifupi mphesa zilibe odwala, zowonongeka kuti zisagwirizane ndi chitsa ichi.
Zowopsa kwa mphesa ndi tizirombo tina, tisamalire mosamala zamasamba, panthawi yochizira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a dera lanu.
Njira zothandizirapo ndi nthaka yakuya yomwe ikufukula kuwonongeka kwa mphutsi, kusonkhanitsa namsongole msanga, kupopera mbewu.
Matenda opatsirana komanso osatulutsidwa
Matenda opatsirana komanso osapatsirana a mphesa ndi nkhani yowawa kwa ambiri ogulitsa vinyo.
Mwamwayi:
Mildew - Zimakhudza mipesa, masango, maburashi. Amadziwika pa masamba aang'ono: madontho achikasu pamwamba, oyera ndi pang'ono fluffy patina ochokera pansipa. Mabulosi amapezeka pamdima, kenaka burashi limauma ndi kugwa. Malo okhudzidwa ayamba kuuma, kutembenukira wakuda ndikufa.
Ndizosatheka kuwononga bowa pa tchire, kotero muyenera kusonkhanitsa masamba osagwa ndi namsongole omwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapitirira. Zomera zonse pamaso pa wintering ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi machitidwe okonzeka.
"Integral" - nthawi yokwanira 1, "Strobe" - katatu. Bordeaux osakaniza, mkuwa oxychloride, zomwe mphesa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kasanu ndi kamodzi, ndi zothandiza.
Oidium - Zimakhudza mbali zonse za zomera, sizinapangitse tchire laling'ono kapena lakale. Gray pachimake, wosweka zipatso, zouma ndi kugwa maluwa ndi losunga mazira.
Bowa ili limagonjetsanso masamba ogwa. Kupewa - ndiko kuyeretsa bwinobwino mu kugwa, kuyeretsa masamba ndi nthambi zosafunikira pofuna kusintha mpweya wabwino. Yesetsani kuchepetsa kukula kwa matenda ndi kuthirira mvula.
Ngati matendawa alowa mu siteloyo, ndiye kuti sulfure ndi Cumulus zidzathandiza kuthetsa vutoli mu tsiku limodzi, koma chithandizo cha zomera chiyenera kuchitika 5 - 6 nthawi.
Anthracnose - Poyamba zimakhudza zipatso zomwe zimapezeka mdima. Zipatso zimauma, kenako zimatha. Masamba angathenso kutsekedwa ndi mawangawa, kenaka masamba owumawo amawongolera, ndikusiya mabowo a mawonekedwe olakwika.
Ngati mpesa uli ndi kachilomboka, umakhala wakuda, umakhala wofooka ndikufa. Mphesa ziyenera kukhala nthawi zonse, makamaka mvula ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera mkuwa: Copper oxychloride, Cartocide imathandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi matendawa.
Mwa zina zomwe sizikuwopsa:
Khansa ya bakiteriya.
Kukula kwa mdima wambiri - zotupa zimakula ndikufalikira mofulumira, ndizosatheka kuzizindikira. Kuphulika kumawoneka pa tsamba la mabala, mabala, chisanu pambuyo pa chisanu.
Mabakiteriya akhoza "kugona" kwa nthawi yaitali mu chomera chowoneka bwino, mpaka chinachake chimayambitsa matenda. Mphesa imathera mphamvu zambiri pa chotupa kusiyana ndi kukula kwa mphukira ndi zipatso, izi zimatsogolera ku chiwonongeko cha tchire.
Ngati chotupacho chinayamba kukula m'munsi mwa mpesa, chomeracho sichingapulumutsidwe. Koma kuchotsa chotupa chomwe chatangoyamba kukula m'madera ena ndi chithandizo chamachilendo chotsatira ndi mkuwa sulphate ndi munda wamaluwa nthawi zina zimakhala zothandiza.
Zomangamangazo zimatenthedwa, nthaka imatetezedwa. Kumalo ano ndi bwino kuti musabzala tchire tating'ono.
Osati opatsirana chlorosis
Kuchuluka kwa laimu, chinyezi, nthaka ya alkali kapena kusowa kwa chitsulo kumayambitsa matenda opitirirabe a kagayidwe kake mu zomera. Masamba amatembenukira chikasu, mitsempha imakhalabe yobiriwira. Kuchokera pansi pa chitsamba kumakhala ndi mphukira zoonda kwambiri zomwe mphesa zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo zonse. Pa fruiting ya funsolo.
Kulimbana ndi matendawa kungakhale kothandiza kwambiri pakuwonjezera feteleza ndi phosphorous, potaziyamu, manganese ndi chitsulo pamene mukumba nthaka. Ammonium sulphate kapena sulfuric acid pansi pa chitsamba chimakhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo m'nthaka.
Zosangalatsa: Pa ndalama zambiri zamakedzana muli fano la burashi kapena mpesa wa mphesa, zomwe zimayankhula za ulemu ndi chikondi pa chomera ichi cha anthu a mayiko osiyanasiyana.
Mphesa ndizovuta kwambiri, koma kusamalira mosamala, kutsatira malamulo onse odzala ndi kukulira kuthandizira kupeĊµa matenda, kupatulapo kuwukira kwa tizilombo - tizirombo. Koma chimwemwe chochuluka chimaperekedwa ndi manja oyamba okhwima ndi kukoma kosaneneka ndi fungo!
Mphesa yotchulidwa mu "Iliad" ndi "Odyssey" ngakhale Homer, kutamanda ndi vinyo.
M'mayiko amene minda yamphesa imakula ndipo vinyo amapangidwa, chiwerengero cha matenda a oncology ndi matenda a mtima ndi otsika kwambiri.
Pafupifupi, zimatengera zipatso 600 mpaka 700 kupanga botolo limodzi la vinyo
