Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji nthaka yosavuta ndi manja anu kuti mukolole bwino tomato? Zofunikira za nthaka

Tomato kapena tomato - chimodzi mwa mbewu zomwe zimakula kwambiri pazowonongeka.

Tomato amafuna kwambiri malo omwe amakula, choncho ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti akukonzekera dothi lodzala tomato.

Mukakonzekera bwino malo oti mubzala mbewu mungathe kuyembekezera kukula kwa mbeu ndi kukolola kolemera.

Mtengo wa nthaka ya tomato

Chifukwa cha izi gawo la nthaka limakhala ndi chinyezi kwambiri ndi zakudya zofunikira kukula kwachangu ndi kupanga mapangidwe.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mbali imeneyi, n'zotheka kudziwa zofunikira za nthaka zomwe zimaperekedwa pa mbeu:

• mphamvu zowonjezera komanso madzi okwanira, monga mizu salola kulema kwambiri;
• Kufewa ndi kufooka, ndikofunikira kupanga malo abwino a chinyezi, komanso kuchititsa kukula ndi kukula kwa mizu;
• nthaka iyenera kukhala yathanzi;
• Kutentha kwa mphamvu ndi kuperewera ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Ngati dothi la tomato silinakonzedwe bwino, ndiye kuti mbeuyo idzapereka mbewu zing'onozing'ono.. Pamene mukukula tomato ndi maonekedwe awo, mungathe kudziwa ngati ali ndi mchere wokwanira komanso ngati khalidwe la nthaka likuwatsata.

• Chifukwa chosowa nayitrogeni m'nthaka, mphukira zimakhala zoonda, zofooka, masamba amakhala ochepa ndipo amakhala otumbululuka.
• Popanda masamba a phosphorous kukhala mtundu wofiirira, amasiya kukula kwa zomera.
• Kuperewera kwa potaziyamu kumawoneka popeza malire a mkuwa pamasamba.
• Ngati dothi lili losavuta ndipo zomera sizikhala ndi calcium, ndiye kuti zomera sizikula, nsonga zimakhala zakuda ndi zowola, ndipo zipatso zochepa zimapangidwa.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa nthaka yokonzedweratu

Ngakhale zili choncho tomato amawombera pansi, nthaka ya iwo ingakonzedwe ndi manja awo, pofufuza nthaka yomwe ilipo pa malowa ndikusankha zofunikira zowonongeka kuti zitheke.

Ubwino pa nkhaniyi ndi woonekeratu:

• Kuwononga ndalama. Mwadongosolo anapeza zojambula zamchere, feteleza ndi zipangizo zina zimakhala zochepa mtengo kuposa nthaka yomwe idagulidwa kuti mudzaze malo a tomato.
• Njira ya munthu aliyense. Pofuna kukonza nthaka pa malo anu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe mukufunikira m'deralo, zomwe zidzakupatsani zotsatira zabwino poyerekeza ndi nthaka yonse.

Pofuna kukonzekera dothi la tomato palokha, m'pofunika kufufuza zomwe zilipo nthaka ndi kukula. Kwambiri zimadalira kusankha malo kuti mutenge zomera zamtsogolo.

1. Malo oti chodzala ayenera kusinthidwa chaka ndi chaka, kubwezeretsa tomato kumalo omwewo pasanapite zaka zitatu.
2. Nthaka yabwino ya tomato ndi:
   • loam ndi mkulu wothira feteleza;
   • chernozem ndi ang'onoang'ono admixtures mchenga.
3. Osayenera tomato:
   • zitsamba;
   • nthaka dothi;
   • osauka mchenga.
4. Zozizwitsa zoipa za tomato ndi zomera kuchokera ku banja la nightshade. Ndi bwino kukula masamba monga:
   • kaloti;
   • anyezi;
   • kabichi;
   • limodzi;
   • Mitundu ya masamba a dzungu.

   Tomato sayenera kubzalidwa pafupi ndi mbatata, popeza zikhalidwe zonsezo zimakhala zovuta ku Colorado mbatata kachilomboka ndi phytophthora.

   Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti tomato ali bwino pambali ndi strawberries. Malo oterowo amathandiza kwambiri kukolola kwa zokolola zonsezi.

5. Malo ayenera kuyatsa bwino.
6. Nthaka iyenera kutsukidwa ku zitsamba zolimba, nyemba zamsongole, komanso nthiti zadothi.
7. Chofunika kwambiri ndi acidity ya nthaka. Ambiri acidity ndi 5.5 mfundo. Kwa tomato, kutembenuka kuchoka pawiri kufika pa 6.7 mfundo kumatengedwa kukhala kovomerezeka.

   Ma acidity a nthaka akhoza kufufuzidwa pofufuza namsongole akukula m'deralo. Plantain, horsetail ndi sorelo - chizindikiro chakuti dothi ndi lolimba kwambiri.

Pazikhala nthaka ya tomato ndi momwe ziyenera kukhala ndi acidity, werengani pano.

Zolemba za nthaka zobzala

Malingana ndi momwe nthaka yapangidwira, zowonjezera zowonjezera zimaphatikizidwa kuti zipangidwe bwino.

1. Malo a mchenga:
   • mankhwala (compost kapena humus) mu kuchuluka kwa makilogalamu 4-6 pa 1 mita imodzi;
   • Pansi ya peat 4-5 makilogalamu pa 1 mita imodzi;
   • dothi 1 mpaka 1.
2. Average loam:
   • lowland peat 2-3 makilogalamu pa 1 mita mita;
   • Limu (ngati kuli kotheka, popeza peat lowland imasintha acidity ya nthaka).
3. Kuwala:
   • Pamwamba pamtunda wa makilogalamu 2-3 pa 1 sq. m imabwera ndi hydrated laimu;
   • mchenga wochuluka 80-100 makilogalamu pa 1 mita imodzi;
   • kompositi 1 mpaka 1;
   • mchenga wa mchenga 1 mpaka 2.
4. Mitundu yonse ya nthaka. Sopo sapropel 1 mpaka 2.

Kukonzekera kwakukulu: disinfection

Ganizirani momwe mungakonzekerere nthaka yobzala tomato.

Njira za nthaka disinfection:

1. Kuzizira. Nthaka imayikidwa mu thumba la chikwama ndipo imatulutsidwa kunja kwa kuzizira kwa sabata. Kenako amaikidwa kutentha kwa mlungu umodzi kuti amutse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi namsongole. Kenaka imatulutsidwa kunja kuzizizira kuti awononge.
2. Kutentha kwaukhondo.
   • Kuwerengera. Thirani madzi otentha pansi, kusakaniza, kuvala pepala lophika ndi kutentha mpaka madigiri 90. Kutentha kwa theka la ora.
   • Kutentha. Madzi okhala mu beseni yayikulu amabweretsedwa ku chithupsa, kabati imayikidwa pamwamba ndi nthaka yokutidwa mu nsalu. Kutentha ndikofunika kwa maola 1.5.

   Chithandizo cha kutentha chiyenera kuchitidwa mosamala, ngati n'kotheka kuchepetsa kukula kwa nthaka, kupitirira kutentha kapena nthawi yofunikira. Kuonjezera apo, atatha kulandira chithandizo, dothi limakhala losafunikira polima mbewu, limafunika kuti likhale ndi microflora yothandiza.

3. Mankhwala opha tizilombo. Matendawa ndi mabakiteriya omwe amaletsa matenda omwe amachititsa matenda komanso amalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Mankhwalawa ayenera kukhala omvera molingana ndi malangizo a mankhwala osankhidwa. Lero pali angapo a iwo pamsika.
4. Ntchito ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Gulu la mankhwalawa lakonzedwa kuti liphe tizirombo. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa osati kale kuposa mwezi usanayambe kubzala mbewu.
5. Kuthetsa matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu permanganate. Njira yothandizira kuwononga nthaka, koma imawonjezera acidity. Dilution: 3-5 g pa 10 malita a madzi; kuthirira: 30-50 ml pa 1 sq.m.

Za momwe mungapangire maziko a mbande za tomato, tinalemba m'nkhani yapadera.

Pogwiritsa ntchito nthaka yosavuta: Kodi mungakonzekere ndikukonzekera bwanji?

Pambuyo pa malo a tomato amasankhidwa, m'pofunika kukonzekera malo kubzala. Dziko limalimbikitsidwa kuti lichiritsidwe kawiri pachaka:

• M'dzinja amakumba pansi kuti awononge namsongole. Dothi losafunika liyenera kuthiridwa ndi feteleza zokhala ndi feteleza (humus pa mlingo wa makilogalamu 5 pa 1 mita imodzi). Mukhozanso kuwonjezera mchere wamchere (50 g wa superphosphate kapena 25 g wa potaziyamu mchere pa 1 sq. M.).
• M'chakachi chiwembucho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kukonzekera malo oti mubzala. Udzu wa mbalame umagwiritsidwa ntchito monga feteleza pa mlingo wa 1 makilogalamu pa 1 mita imodzi, mtengo wa phulusa mofanana, ndi ammonium sulfate (25 g pa 1 mita mita).

  Manyowa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito osachepera 4 milungu isanayambe kubzala kuti mchere uzigawidwa mofanana mu nthaka.

• Kuchuluka kwa acidity ya nthaka kumasinthidwa powonjezera laimu mu kuchuluka kwa 500-800 g pa mita imodzi iliyonse.

Zomwe anakonza wamaluwa Musati mulangize kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa atsopano a tomato, monga momwe zilirimu zomera zidzawonjezera zobiriwira kuti ziwononge mapangidwe a mazira.

Mabedi a phwetekere anayamba kuphika kumapeto kwa May:

1. Mitengo yaing'ono imapangidwa kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera. Mtunda pakati pa mizere ndi masentimita 70, pakati pa mabedi kuchokera mamita 1.
2. Pa bedi lililonse ndikofunika kuti mbalizo zikhale zautali masentimita asanu. Njira yotereyi imalepheretsa kufalikira kwa madzi pa ulimi wothirira.
3. Tsopano mungathe kubzala phwetekere pamalo otseguka.

Tomato - aliyense amakonda kwambiri masamba m'chilimwe ndi m'nyengo yachisanu. Ngakhale akufuna kuti asamalire, ngati mukuyandikira nkhani ya tomato kukula ndi kudziwa za nkhaniyo ndi chikondi cha dziko, zokolola zidzakusangalatsani!