Osati kale kwambiri, mabulosi akuda amapezeka kokha m'nkhalango. Posachedwa, mabulosi awa akutchuka mwachangu pakati pa wamaluwa. Mitundu pafupifupi 300 yomwe idalimidwa idabzalidwa, pomwe mitundu yosagwirizana ndi Chester, yomwe imasangalatsa kwambiri chaka ndi chaka, imadziwika kwambiri. Chitsamba champhamvu, chokhotakhota chimakongoletsanso bwino mundawo: mkati mwa Epulo chimakutidwa ndi masamba oyera oyera okongola, ndipo kumapeto kwa Ogasiti chimakhala chokongoletsedwa ndi zipatso zakuda zonyezimira zomwe zimawala dzuwa.
Nkhani ya Blackberry Chester
Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu 200 ya mabulosi akuda, omwe kwawo ndi America. Kunali komwe m'zaka za XIX kwa nthawi yoyamba kuchita nawo ulimi wa mabulosi. Mu 1998, asayansi aku Illinois, Ohio, ndi Maryland adapanga mtundu wa Chester wokhala ndi machitidwe abwino pantchito yolima zipatso mabulosi akutchire. Blackberry uyu adatchedwa Dr. Chester Zich waku University of Southern Illinois, yemwe adaphunzira chikhalidwe cha zipatso.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu
Mwa mitundu yopanda mapangidwe, genotype iyi imakhala yolimbana kwambiri ndi kutentha kochepa, chifukwa chake, imatha kubzala osati kokha kumadera komwe kumatentha kwambiri, komanso m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, chomwe chimadziwika ndi nyengo yozizira. Chester saopa kutentha masika chifukwa cha maluwa obiriwira.
Wamaluwa amakopeka ndi zipatso zamitundu mitundu ndi kununkhira kwa zipatsozo ndi kununkhira kwa nkhalango zamtchire. Chikhalidwe sichimakhudzidwa ndi matenda, kugonjetsedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a imvi zowola. Ndipo kusakhalako kwa minga kumapangitsa kuti chisamaliro chisathe.
Feature
Kudzipukutira tchire lodzifalikira. Mitengo yamitengo yamitengo yotalika mpaka 3 m imakula makamaka m'malo owongoka ndipo nsonga zimatsitsidwa pang'ono. Masamba ndi akulu, okongola, zobiriwira zakuda. Amaluwa okhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu oyera oyera mpaka masentimita anayi.
Kubala sing'anga kumapeto, kumachitika kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Lisanalowe chisanu chimatha kupereka zokolola zonse. Zipatso zimapangidwa pamtundu wazaka ziwiri zophukira, zochuluka kwambiri panthambi zotsika. Kuchokera pachitsamba mutha kupitilira 20 kg ya mbewu. Zipatsozo zimakhala zozungulira, zakuda kwambiri, zolemera 5-7 g, ndi kukoma kosangalatsa.
Chifukwa cha khungu lakuthwa, zipatso zimasungidwa bwino panthawi yoyendera, komanso mutatha kusenda, zomwe zimathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito mabulosi akuda ngati kuthyola m'zakudya zachisanu. Zipatso ndi zabwino kuti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano, kupangira zophika ndi mchere.
Zowongolera
Kututa kwa mabulosi abulosi kumatengera osati nyengo yamalo, komanso malo oyenera obzala baka komanso mtundu wobzala.
Mukadzala mabulosi akutchire
Zomera zophika zimabzala nyengo yonse ndi transshipment.
Nthawi yabwino yodzala mabulosi akutchire ndi mizu yotseguka ku Central dera kumayambiriro kwamasika, mpaka masamba atatseguka, komanso kutentha kwampweya. Mbande mu nthawi mizu. Ndi kubzala kwa yophukira, pamakhala chiopsezo chachikulu cha kufa kwa chomera, popeza usiku wa nthawi yophukira imatha kuzizira kwambiri, chisanu choyambirira sichachilendo. Kumwera, komwe nyengo yotentha imapitirira mpaka kumapeto kwa Novembala, ndibwino kubzala mbewuyo kumapeto, pasanathe masabata awiri chisanachitike kuzizira.
Malo abwino koposa bramble
Chipatso cha Blackberry ndi chomera chokonda kuwala, motero chimayenera kuchotsa malo owala kwambiri, masana ambiri amawunikira ndi dzuwa. Chikhalidwe chikuphatikizidwanso ndi mthunzi wopepuka.
Ndikusowa kuwala, nthambi zimayamba kucheperachepera, zipatsozo zimayamba kuchepera ndikulephera.
Mabulosi akuda sakugwirira nthaka, koma amapanga zipatso zambiri akamakhazikika pamsika ndi acidic pang'ono kapena kusalowerera ndale. Pa acidity yayikulu imawonjezeredwa (500 g / m2) M'malo amchenga, mabulosi akuda amatha kukula, koma amafunika feteleza wachilengedwe komanso chinyezi. Zitsamba siziyenera kubzalidwa m'malo opanda chinyezi momwe madzi samakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali atasungunuka chisanu ndi mvula. Ngakhale ichi ndichikhalidwe chokonda chinyezi, kudziwonera mopitirira muyeso kumabweretsa kufooka: kuthana ndi nyengo komanso matenda amakula.
Ching'ambacho chikuyenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo zamphamvu, makamaka nthawi yozizira, kutentha pang'ono kukaphatikizidwa ndi chinyezi chochepa. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kutenga ngodya zokhala chete kuti zibzalire pafupi ndi mpanda kapena ma sheds.
Kusankha mbande
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kupeza mbande zathanzi. Anamwino nthawi zambiri amapereka mbewu m'miphika, chifukwa amadziwika ndi kupulumuka kwabwino: akabzalidwa, amasamutsidwa kuchokera phukusi limodzi ndi mtanda wotumphuka, mizu yake sinavulazidwe. Ndikwabwino kusankha chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri zokhala ndi mizu yolimba. Mwana wazaka chimodzi azikhala ndi thunthu lambiri 5 mm ndi mphukira wopangidwa mizu. Ana azaka ziwiri azikhala ndi mizu itatu yayitali masentimita 15 ndi kutalika kwa mlengalenga 40 cm. Makungwa ayenera kukhala osalala, mnofu pansi pake uzikhala wobiriwira.
Saps yomwe idagulidwa kutazizira, yachedwa kwambiri kuti ibzale, iwo akumba. M'mundamo amakumba ngalande ndi mbali imodzi yopendekeka, kuyikamo mbewu ndikuwaza ndi dothi, kuphimba ndi spruce pamwamba kuti iteteze kuzizira nyengo yozizira komanso kuwonongeka ndi makoswe.
Zoyenera
Chiwembu cha mabulosi chikonzedwa pasadakhale: kubzala masika - nthawi yophukira, kwa nthawi yophukira - masabata awiri ntchito isanayambe.
- Dothi labwino lachonde limasakanizidwa ndi 2 kg ya humus, 100 g ya superphosphate, 40 g yamchere wa potaziyamu (kapena 100 g phulusa) amawonjezeredwa.
- Dothi la Acidic limasakanizidwa ndi laimu (500 g / m2).
- Bambowo limapangidwa kuchokera ku tchire losiyana kapena labzalidwa mzere m'miyala mtunda wa 2 mita kuchokera wina ndi mnzake.
- Ndi tchire, maenje a 45x45 masentimita amakumbidwa, ndikulowera mzere - kutalika kwa masentimita 45x50 ndi mtunda wa 2 mita pakati pa mizere.
- Kuti mukhale ndi moyo wopambana, mizu ya mmera imapukutidwa ndi Kornevin kapena kumizidwa kwa maola angapo mu njira yothetsera izi.
Musanafike, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa maziko othandizira.
Kanema: momwe mungabzalire mabulosi akutchire mu mphindi 2
Ndondomeko zotsata:
- Gawo la nthaka yokonzedweratu limatsanulidwa mu dzenje mu mawonekedwe a cheni pakati.
- Tsitsani chomera, kufalitsa mizu mbali zosiyanasiyana. Mmera kuchokera pachidebewo umadzalowera m'mbuna ndi dothi.
- Finyani mmera ndi nthaka, pukutirani mokoka kuti pasakhale zopanda kanthu. Pendekerani nthaka kuti dothi lomera likhale pansi pakuya kwa 2 cm.
- Thirirani mbewu ndi malita 4 a madzi.
- Ikani wosanjikiza wa mulch ku udzu, udzu.
Kuteteza mbande ku chisanu cham'madzi, masiku oyamba amathiridwa ndi Epin kapena wokutidwa ndi agrofiber.
Ngati kubzala kumachitika mu nthawi ya masika, mbewuyo imafupikitsidwa ndi 20 cm kuti ilimbikitse kukula kwa mphukira zamtundu wotsatira.
Ukadaulo waulimi
Mitundu ya Chester ndi yosasamala, ngati mutsatira malamulo osavuta a tekinoloje, mutha kusangalala ndi zipatso zabwino chaka chilichonse.
Kuthirira ndi kumasula
Chikhalidwe cholimbana ndi chilala cha Blackberry, mizu yolimba imakulolani kuti mudziteteze ku chilala. Koma pakukula bwino komanso zipatso, ziyenera kulandira chinyezi chofunikira. Ndikusowa kwamadzi kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mphukira zimakula pang'onopang'ono, nthawi yamaluwa chilala chimayambitsa kupukutidwa koyipa. Ndipo ngati sikokwanira madzi munthawi yophukira, kuzizira kwa chitsamba kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Bambolo limathiriridwa kamodzi pa sabata, ndikuyambitsa malita 6 amadzi pansi pa chitsamba. Mu nthawi yamvula, kuthirira kowonjezereka sikuchitika: chinyezi chowonjezera chimathandizira kuti mizu ivunde. Isanayambike chisanu, ngati nthawi yophukira ili youma, ndikofunikira kuchita kuthirira kwamadzi (8 l / chomera).
Madzi okhala pansi pa chitsamba amalowetsedwa mu malo okuthirira, mwa kukonkha kapena ndi dongosolo la kuthirira. Pakukonkha, madzi opanikizika amafafiliridwa pa korona ndi nthaka, pomwe chinyezi chimakwera. Kuti madzi abwereke pang'ono, kunyowa kumachitika m'mawa kapena nthawi yamadzulo.
Panthawi yamaluwa, kukonkha sikuchitika: mtsinje wamadzi wamphamvu ungachotse mungu, chifukwa chake, zipatso zimachepa.
Nthawi zambiri okhala pachilimwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuthirira pa mitengo yopangidwa patali makilomita 40 kuchokera ku chitsamba. Mu kuthirira poyambira ndi akuya masentimita 15, madzi amalowetsedwa kuchokera kuthirira kapena payipi. Mukatha kuyamwa chinyezi, mipiringidzo imatsekeka.
Ndikubzala mzere wa mabulosi akutchire, ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothirira. Mapaipi kapena matepi okhala ndi ma dontho amaikidwa m'mphepete mwa tchire ndipo amakakamizidwa amatulutsa madzi, omwe kudzera mu zotayira amatulukiranso kumizu ya mbewu. Nthawi yomweyo, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kumasungidwa kwambiri ndipo nthaka sinakudulidwe.
Dothi lozungulira tchire liyenera kumasulidwa ndikufafaniza namsongole. Udzu udzu, makamaka udzu wa tirigu, umakola michere m'nthaka ndikulepheretsa kukula kwa mabulosi akuda. Pambuyo kuthirira kapena kugwa, nthaka imasulidwa masentimita 8, kusamala kuti isawononge mizu yonyowa yomwe ili pamwamba. Pakati pa mizere tchire, kumasula kumachitika akuya masentimita 12. Kenako udzu, humus umayikidwa - mulch wosanjikiza samangokhala ndi dothi, komanso imathandizira microflora yake yopindulitsa, imalepheretsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuteteza mizu kuti isamatenthe kwambiri kutentha kwa chilimwe, komanso nthawi yozizira - kuzizira .
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Feteleza amakulitsa mbewu zofunikira zamagetsi zomwe zimawonjezera zipatso zake ndi kulimbikitsa chitetezo chokwanira. Mukadzala tchire m'nthaka yoyamba, safuna zakudya zina. Masamba otsatira okha, mabulosi akuda amapatsidwa chakudya ndi nayitrogeni: urea (10 g) kapena nitrate (20 g / 5 l). Pakupanga zipatso, tchire zimaphatikizidwa ndi nitrophos (70 g / 10 l), mutakolola ndi superphosphate (100 g) ndi mchere wa potaziyamu (30 g).
Ndi zovala zapamwamba zapamwamba, mbewu zimadzaza msanga ndi michere. Kumwaza spaka pa tsamba mukamayikidwa zipatso ndikupezeka mukugwa ndi Kemir Universal solution (15 g / 10 l) kumawonjezera zipatso komanso kukana zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe.
M'malo mwazomwe zimapangidwira, michere itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito (300 g / m2): zitosi za nkhuku (yankho la 1:20) kapena manyowa amadzimadzi (1:10) zimayambitsidwa maluwa asanadutse komanso mutakolola. Pa maluwa, mabulosi amadyetsedwa kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa (100 g / 10 l).
Ma Bush mapangidwe
Mukapangira mabulosi akutchire, munthu ayenera kuganizira za kakulidwe kake ka zaka ziwiri. M'nyengo yoyamba, mphukira zimakula ndipo masamba amayikidwa, chaka chamawa nthambi zimabala zipatso ndikufa. M'dzinja, mphukira wazaka ziwiri zomwe zipatso zimapangidwa amadulidwa. Nthambi zouma ndi zowonongeka zimachotsedwanso, ndikusiya mphukira zolimba 8-10. Chapakatikati, nthambi zosemedwa zimafupikitsidwa ndi 15 cm ndikutseka.
Kukula mabulosi akutchire pachthandizo kumapereka mpweya wabwino komanso kuwunikira kwamtundu wa tchire. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyika padera kwa zipatso ndi kukula zimayambira pa trellis kumapangitsa kuti kusamalira shrub kusakhale kosavuta. Pa zogwirizira kokerani waya mu mizere ingapo ndikukhazikitsa zikwapu. Ndi kupangika kwa chitsamba, amaikidwa pachithandizo motere: mphukira zosiyidwa zimakwezedwa pakati, mphukira zatsopano zimabzalidwa mbali. Mukugwa, nthambi zapakati zimadulidwa mpaka muzu, mphukira zapachaka nthawi yachisanu zimakanikizidwa mwamphamvu pansi, ndipo kasupe amakwezedwa molunjika.
Vidiyo: kudulira mabulosi opanda masika m'chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira
Kukonzekera yozizira
Gawo la Chester ndilopanda chisanu, kupiririra kuzizira mpaka -30 ºº. Ndipo chifukwa cha maluwa atachedwa, chisanu cham'mapiri sichiwopa iye. Komabe, kuti mphukira za pachaka sizimakhala zowuma kwambiri kapena kutentha kwadzidzidzi, zimasungunuka. Mukadulira, kuthirira chisanachitike chisanu ndi mulching ndi humus, nthambi zimachotsedwa ku chithandizo, zokutira ndikugona pansi, yokutidwa ndi agrofibre kuchokera pamwamba. M'nyengo yozizira, amaponya matalala kutchire. Kuti muteteze mbewu ku makoswe, poizoni amaikidwa pansi pa vuto kapena vuto la spruce paws limaponyedwa pazinthu zovunda.
Njira zolerera
Mabulosi akutchire amawafalitsa bwino, chifukwa ndi omwe mbewu zimasiyanasiyana.
Ndikosavuta kufalitsa chitsamba mothandizidwa ndi matayala: pamwamba pa mpolirizo ndimakumbidwa pafupi ndi chitsamba, ndikuthirira ndi kukhazikika mabatani. Pakatha milungu itatu, mphukira kutalika kwa masentimita 45 ndi mizu yopangidwa imasiyanitsidwa ndi chitsamba ndikuwabyala mosiyana.
Kanema: momwe mungazule mizu ndi mabulosi akutchire
Mukamalumikiza, chitani izi:
- Mphukira zazing'ono kumapeto kwa June zimadulidwaduka zidutswa 10 cm ndikubzala mumiphika.
- Madzi ndikuphimba ndi filimu.
- Pakupita mwezi umodzi, nyowetsani nthaka, yendetsani mpweya.
- Mizu yodulidwa mizu yobzalidwa m'mundamo.
Kupewa matenda
Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira, chogonjetsedwa ndi imvi zowola, ndikuwononga mbewu zambiri zamabulosi. Komabe, nyengo zoyipa tchire zimatha kuthana ndi matenda. Kupewa kumathandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda.
Gome: Kuteteza ndi Kulimbana ndi Matenda a Blackberry
Matendawa | Zimawoneka bwanji | Kupewa | Njira zoyendetsera |
Malo owoneka bwino | Masamba, okutidwa ndi mawanga amdima, amagwa. Impso ndi mphukira zazing'ono ziuma. Matendawa amayambitsa maluwa ochepa ndi kugwa kwa thumba losunga mazira. Kufalikira kwa bowa kumapitilira makamaka ndi chinyezi chowonjezereka komanso malo okhuthala. |
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Anthracnose | Kuchepetsa chinyezi nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kufalikira kwa mitundu yambiri ya bowa. Udzu ndi mphukira zimakutidwa ndi imvi ndi mawanga amtambo wofiirira, zilonda za imvi pa zipatso. |
| Spray ndi solution ya 5% ya mkuwa wa sulfate, Fundazole (10 g / 10 L) musanayambe maluwa, masamba atagwa ndipo mutakolola. |
Seporia | Matendawa amapezeka nyengo yotentha komanso yanyontho. Mawanga owala ndimdima wakuda masamba. Masamba auma, mphukira zimasanduka zofiirira. Tchire pa nthawi yakucha zipatso limakhudzidwa kwambiri. |
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Zithunzi Zithunzi: Matenda a Chester Blackberry
- Kuwona kwamtundu wamtundu kumakhudza kukhuthala
- Kutalika kwakanthawi kwamvula kumathandizira kuti pakhale anthracnose.
- Septoria ndi wowopsa makamaka nthawi yakucha kwa mabulosi akuda.
Gome: Tizilombo ta Blackberry ndi Tizilombo Tchilombo
Tizilombo | Mawonekedwe | Kupewa | Momwe mungathandizire |
Chingwe chakuda | The mite hibernates mu masamba a mbewu. Ndi isanayambike kutentha, imakhazikika pa mphukira ndi zipatso. Chipatso chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo pang'ono kapena kuti sichipsa. Kuwonongeka kwa zokolola pokhazikitsidwa ndi nkhungu ya mabulosi akutchire kumatha kufika 50%. | Tulutsani chitsamba. | Musanafike budding, phatikizani ndi mayankho a Envidor (4 ml / 10 l), Bi-58 (10 ml / 10 l), mubwereze pambuyo masiku 10. |
Ma nsabwe | Aphid madera otentha, ophimba masamba ndi nthambi, amayamwa zipatso kuchokera kwa iwo, kufooketsa chomeracho. |
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Khrushchev | Mphutsi zamtengo wamalungo, kachilomboka kadya masamba. Kuuluka kwakukulu kwa khrushchev kugwa nthawi yamaluwa, masamba omwe ali ndi vuto losunga mazira amagwa. |
| Chithandizo kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakukula ndi yankho la Anti-Crush (10 ml / 5 L), Confidor Maxi (1 g / 10 L). |
Zithunzi Zithunzi: Tizilombo Tchilombo Chodziwika Bwino
- Kuwonongeka kwa mbeu ndi nthata ya mabulosi akutchire kumatha kufika 50%
- Nsabwe za m'masamba zimamatira masamba ndi mphukira, zimayamwa timadziti kuchokera mwa iwo
- Khrushchev ndi mphutsi zake zimatulutsa mabulosi, zomwe zingayambitse kugwa kwamasamba, mazira, maluwa
Mbalame zimasokoneza kwambiri kachikumbu ndi mphutsi zake. Jozi imodzi yanyengo imodzi imasaka akudya zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu ndi tizilombo tina. Mukakhala kuti mumapachikapo chakudya m'makomo, mutha kuwonjezera mbalame. Ndipo mutha kukopa ma ladybugs - adani oyipitsitsa a nsabwe za m'masamba - podzala calendula onunkhira m'mundamo.
Ndemanga zamaluwa
Ndidakonda kutulutsa kwa Chester, kukoma ndi kuuma. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kunatsika mpaka -35. Kutentha pansi pa chipale chofewa.
. ** Oksana **//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-4334.html
Chester adapereka mabulosi akulu komanso okoma kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi Tonfrey acid ochepera.
Annie//kievgarden.org.ua/viewtopic.php?p=167012
Chester nyengo yachisanu iyi idalinso ndi chipale chofewa. Koma mphukira zingapo zidasowa, adalowetsedwa mu maselo a trellis ndikukhalabe othawa. Zima sichinali chozizira (pafupifupi 20-23 ndi mphepo, icing), koma yozizira yozizira - impso ndi moyo, mphukira ndi zowala komanso zonyezimira. Malenga okha osapsa anali oundana (koma nawonso pansi pa chipale chofewa). M'chilimwe ndikufuna kufananizira - kodi padzakhala kusiyana pakubala kwa mphukira pansi pa chisanu komanso kuthawa kwaulere. :)
NARINAI//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-4334.html
Ndakhwima zipatso zingapo za Chester, monga akunenera pagawo lathu - Zizindikiro)) Ndinkakonda mabulosi, onse akunja (kukula kwake ngati chitumbuwa chachikulu) komanso mumakoma, okoma ndi kununkhira kwa mabulosi.
Julia26//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=4334
Ndidayiwalanso kuwona mawonekedwe a Chester. Izi si tchire! Izi ndi zakutchire pa trellis !!! Ndipo popanda kukanikiza pakati, mphukira yolowa mmalo imakula ndipo nthawi yomweyo imapereka mbali zonse mbali zonse. Mphukira zokha ndizosachepera 3. Ndipo zatsopano zikukula. Ndikofunikira kuwongolera nthawi zonse. Ndipo kuwapeza kuthengo sikophweka. Ngakhale kuti simulowa mchipululu, simudzaona chilichonse. Zabwino, ngakhale osaziona mwachidule. Komanso zipatso - milu: ingoyang'anani, ngati kuti muthyoledwa nyemba. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kubzala pang'ono. Tsopano ndili ndi 2-2,5 m. Ndipo zinafunika kupanga mita 3. Kukula. Chester pamlingo wa BS, Chester ndiwofalikira pang'ono (ndi tastier :)).
Vert//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-4334.html
Anthu okonda BlackBerry omwe amalima mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Chester pamasamba awo amawona zabwino zake kuposa mitundu ina: kukoma kwambiri zipatso, zipatso, kulekerera chilala, ndipo koposa zonse, kuthekera kosawuma nyengo yachisanu. Chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yotere, mitunduyi imakhala yotchuka osati m'dziko lakwawo, komanso pakati pa olimi a ku Russia.