Mitengo yambiri, zitsamba ndi zomera zimakula m'munda wa munda aliyense wodzilemekeza, koma kutali ndi bwalo lililonse mungapeze mtengo wotere wosasintha ngati nyanja ya buckthorn. Ndi mbali ziti za nyanja ya buckthorn, malamulo obzala, kukula ndi kusamalira, mtundu wamtundu womwe tingasonkhanitse ndi zomwe tingakonzekere - pazinthu zonsezi m'nkhaniyi.
Nyanja ya buckthorn: kufotokoza kwa botanical
Sea buckthorn (Chilatini Hippopha) ndi mtengo waminga kapena shrub kuyambira mamita 1 kufika atatu, ndi a banja la Lokhovae (Elaeagnaceae). Masambawa ndi abiriwira, otalika komanso opapatiza, mumtambo woyera.
Madzi otchedwa buckthorn osadziwika kwambiri pamaluwa, pamene amamasula mosavuta, ndipo maluwawo ndi ochepa ndipo amawoneka musanayambe kusamba. Zipatso zazikulu kapena zowonjezereka, kuchokera ku chikasu kupita ku lalanje komanso ngakhale zofiira, zimakongoletsa nthambi m'magulu akuluakulu (motero dzina la mtengo). Zipatso zimabereka kumapeto kwa chirimwe ndi m'mawa, ndipo sizimatha pamene zatuluka, ndipo zimatha kupachikidwa pa nthambi m'nyengo yozizira.
Chomeracho chinkafalikira kudera la Central ndi Northern Asia, ndipo lero chikhoza kupezeka padziko lonse lapansi.
Amakonda dothi la mchenga ndi miyala yachitsamba, yomwe imapezeka nthawi zambiri m'mabanki a zitsime, mitsinje ndi mitsinje.
Ndikofunikira! Sea buckthorn ili ndi mtengo wamwamuna (2) ndi wamkazi (1). Ndikofunika kuwasiyanitsa, monga chipatso chiri chachikazi chabe. Izi zimawoneka bwino kumapeto kwa nyengo pamene kutupa kwa impso. Impso zachimuna zimakhala zazikazi zoposa ziwiri, zimaphimbidwa 5-7 mamba pomwe pali akazi awiri okha. Koma mtengo subala chipatso pokhapokha mutabzala chitsamba champhongo pafupi ndi icho kuti muzitsuka.
Mbali za kubzala nyanja buckthorn
Gawo lofunika kwambiri la kulima ndi njira yolondola yoyenera kubzala mtengo. Tiyeni tiwone momwe tingabzalitsire chomera kuti chisangoyamba, komanso chimayamba kukula ndi kubereka zipatso.
Kodi mtundu wa nyanja buckthorn umakonda bwanji?
Sea buckthorn ndi mtengo wachikondi ndi wa chinyezi. Amabzalidwa dzuwa, osasunthika ndi malo ena omwe amafunika kusamalira m'zaka zoyambirira za kukula.
Ngati mutabzala mtengo wawung'ono ndikupatsani mphamvu yochulukira namsongole, ndiye kuti kale chaka choyamba m'munda chidzakhala chiyeso cha mtengo, ndipo chikhoza kufa mosalephera. 
Kusankha dothi lodzala
Chinyezi m'nthaka ndizofunika makamaka pachiyambi cha moyo wa mtengo. Sandy loam kapena loam adzakhala abwino, chifukwa amasunga chinyezi kwa nthawi yayitali, kuteteza kutuluka mofulumira m'nthaka. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, timasankha malo osokoneza bongo, chifukwa nyanja ya buckthorn imalekerera pansi pamtunda.
Kubzala bwino kwa mbeu za buckthorn
Kubzala bwino kwa mbande ndi chitsimikizo cha chitukuko chabwino cha mtengo ndi kukolola kwakukulu mtsogolomu.
Mudzakhala ndi chidwi chowerenga za kubzala bwino ndi kusamalira chitumbuwa, maula, mtedza, chitumbuwa, apurikoti, apulo.
Tsiku lodzala: mutabzala nyanja ya buckthorn, mu masika kapena autumn
Njira yabwino ndiyo kubzala kumapeto kwa maluwa, musanayambe kuphulika kapena ngati njira yomaliza, musanayambe maluwa, chifukwa pamene nyanja ya buckthorn imabzalidwa mu kugwa, chiwerengero cha chipatso cha zomera chikufooka. Ndipo ngati timabzala mu kugwa, ndiye mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa Oktoba, pakadali masiku otentha okwanira kulimbikitsa mmera.
Kusankha ndi kukonzekera mbande kuti mubzalidwe
Mbewu zazaka ziwiri zimayamba mizu yabwino, koma ngati mumasamalira bwino chaka chomera, mukhoza kukula mtengo wokhala ndi zokolola zambiri. Mbeu yabwino mu msinkhu wa 35-50 masentimita, ndi mamita a 0,6-0.8 masentimita, ali ndi 3 yaikulu mizu njira ndi zambiri fibrous. Mphete yambewu iyenera kuyang'ana yokhazikika, popanda mabala a bulauni ndi mdima, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chomera chimakhala chozizira m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo sikuli koyenera kubzala.
Mukudziwa? Mbewu yamphongo ikhoza kumera pamtunda wa mamita 15, ndipo ngati izi zikukula kale m'dera loyandikana nalo, ndiye kuti mutha kubzala mzimayi okhaokha, malo osungira m'munda.
Kukumba dzenje
Mipando ya kubzala ikukuta ndi kukula kwa 0,6 x 0,6 x 0,6 mamita. Kutayira kwa 10-12 cm kumagona pansi. Khola liyenera kumangidwa m'menje ndipo nyemba ziyenera kuikidwa pamtunda, ndikuwongolera mosamalitsa mizu. Pang'onopang'ono kutsanulira chisakanizo cha feteleza, mchenga ndi dothi mofanana ndi mizu ya khosi pansi 3-5 masentimita Tikadabzala nyanja ya buckthorn, timapanga dzenje, ndikutsanulira 2 ndowa zamadzimo kamodzi, ndikuzikhalitsa.
Kulowera
Musaiwale kuti tikufunika kudzala mitengo ya amuna ndi akazi. Mphuno yamchere ya buckthorn imatipatsa ife kuzindikira kuti mtunda wa pakati pa mitengo uyenera kukhala mamita 2.5 m. Pali njira ziwiri zobzala nyanja buckthorn:
- chomera chamwamuna pakati, ndi mkazi kuzungulira;
- Amuna akubzala pa mbali ya leward, amatsatiridwa ndi akazi angapo.
Malamulo a kusamalira nyanja buckthorn m'munda
Kotero, mtengo uli wokhazikitsidwa kale m'munda wathu, tsopano ndikofunikira kuti usasiye, koma kuti uwasamalire ndi kusamala nthawi yake.
Nthawi yoti mukamwe mtengo
Monga chomera chinyezi, nyanja buckthorn imakonda nthawi zonse kuthirira. Pa nyengo iliyonse yowonjezera, makamaka chaka choyamba mutabzala, nthawi zonse muzitsanulira ndowa zitatu mu dzenje, ndipo panthawi ya fruiting 5-6 zidebe zingatheke.
Ndikofunikira! Nthaka yonyowa kwambiri komanso madzi ochepa akhoza kuwononga mizu ya zomera ndikulepheretsanso kupeza mpweya. Mukamwetsa, yang'anani mlingo.
Kusamalira dothi
Nthaka imamasulidwa nthawi zonse, koma ndibwino kuti musaiwale kuti mizu ili pamwamba, kumasula sikuyenera kutsika kuposa masentimita 7, ndipo kukumba ndizosafunika.
Kudya zakudya
Pamodzi ndi izi, chaka chilichonse mtengo ukufuna nyambo. M'chaka choyamba, simungakhoze kuthira manyowa, ndipo m'tsogolomu masika onse amabweretsa zinthu zakuda (kompositi kapena humus pa mlingo wa chidebe chimodzi pa 1 sq. M ya pafupi ndi mbiya). Mavitamini a mavitrogeni amakhalanso abwino kwa chidebe cha madzi - mpaka 30 g, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mtengo.
Momwe mungayambitsire nyanja buckthorn
Ngati kambewu kakang'ono m'zaka zoyamba kanakhazikitsidwa bwino, ndiye kuti mtengo sungadulidwe. Ngati pali mphukira zazing'ono, thunthu liyenera kufupikitsidwa. Pa mtengo wa zaka 4-5, pangani kudulira, kuchotsa zosafunikira ndi kufanana ndi thunthu la nthambi.
Mtengo wachikulire umafunika kudulira mosamala, monga nthambi zambiri zowuma ndipo fruiting yafupika. Zakale zouma nthambi zimachotsedwa ndi kubwezeretsa chomera kwa zaka zitatu mphukira. Musaiwale za mphukira zazu, zomwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa pafupi ndi muzu, kuti zisapangidwe zatsopano pamzu wa masamba.
Phunzirani zambiri za kudulira koyenera kwa chitumbuwa, pichesi, chitumbuwa, apulo, apurikoti, mphesa.
Zing'onozing'ono za kubzala nyanja buckthorn
Mitundu ya mtundu wa buckthorn ndi cuttings, mbewu, ana ndi kusinthanitsa.
- Njira yosavuta kupeza mtengo watsopano ndi kulekanitsa chithunzithunzi chomwe chakula pafupi ndi mtengo wa mayi, madzi, ndikuchiika pamalo atsopano m'chaka.
- Mbewu sichimaonetsa ubwino wa mitengo yosiyanasiyana, koma ngati mutasankha njirayi, ndibwino kuti mubzale m'nyengo ya masika, mutatha kusamba kwa masiku 4-5 m'madzi. Dziko lapansi liyenera kutenthedwa kale, ndipo mbeu ikamera, ikani m'madzime 5-7 cm.
- Pa nthawi yobalidwa ndi tiziduli timene timadulidwa, kumapeto kwa yophukira kamodzi kapena zaka ziwiri zakubadwa zimadulidwa, zomwe zimadutsa nthawi ya kutentha kwa 0 - +2 ° C. M'chaka, cuttings zimadulidwa 15-20 masentimita yaitali, 10 cm pansi, ndikusiya impso pamwambapa. Ndi kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku, m'dzinja padzakhala mizu ya cuttings ndi mizu yotukuka komanso pamwambaground.
- Katemera si mtundu wofala kwambiri wobalana. Monga lamulo, mdulidwe wamwamuna umadziphatikizidwa pa mtengo wamkazi kuti apange mungu, ngati sikutheka kudzala mtengo wonse pambali pake.
Mitundu yayikulu ya matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Ambiri ndiwo tizirombo:
- mchere;
- nyanja buckthorn fly;
- mchere;
- ndulu ya mchere.
Mtengo umadwala ndi nkhanambo, endomycosis, mwendo wakuda ndi wilting. Pa nkhondoyi imathandiza mchere oxychloride, yankho la potassium permanganate kapena kukonzekera pogwiritsa ntchito "Nitrafen".
Mukudziwa? Impso - imodzi mwazokonda kwambiri za "adani" a nyanja buckthorn, chifukwa kuyendera ndi kukonza ziyenera kuchitika kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokula.
Sea buckthorn: kukolola
Kenaka panafika mphindi yayitali yomwe inkadikira nthawi yoti akolole mbewu zokolola bwino. Pamene zipatsozo zimapeza mtundu wobiriwira wa lalanje, zotanuka, koma zosadetsedwa, amasankha tsiku la msonkhano ndi kutentha kosachepera -15 ° C. Sonkhanitsani zipatso m'mawa kapena madzulo, muzizitola kapena kuzidula kuchokera ku nthambi. Ndipo kunjenjemera kungatheke ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira. Zipatsozi zimasungidwa mazira kapena zouma mu thumba la pulasitiki m'malo amdima kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Sea buckthorn ili ndi mavitamini ambiri opindulitsa ndipo imatsata zinthu zomwe zimakhala zovuta kupeza zofanana. Bzalani mtengo uwu m'munda mwanu ndipo simudzasangalatsidwa ndi kukongoletsa kwake kokha, koma ndi machiritso a zipatso zake.
