Kwa zaka zambiri, obereketsa adathetsa ntchito yovuta kwambiri - kulengedwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso, yomwe, ngakhale kuti ayamba kuyambitsa thermophilia, idzapatsa anthu okhala m'mayiko akumpoto chifundo chonse cha fungo lawo ndi zokoma kulawa zipatso zakumwera.
Ali panjira, ambiri ofufuza maulendo amayang'anitsitsa oimira ambiri Ussuri ndi kuswana China.
Ndipo onse chifukwa cha zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimathandiza.
Mmodzi wa ma plums, womwe umalimbikitsa kulima m'madera okhala ndi nyengo yovuta kwambiri, ndi ma Chinese osiyanasiyana. "Zingwe Zambiri".
Tsatanetsatane wa maulendo "Yellow Hoppies"
Zomera za zipatso izi zili ndi zizindikiro zapadera ndi zomangidwe:
Mtengo. Ndi chomera champhamvu (kawirikawiri - kukula mofulumira).Kutalika kwake kumakhala ka 2.5 mamita kapena kuposa. Pa nthawi yomweyi mtengo wa mtengo wokha ulibe wokwera kwambiri.
Makungwa pa tsinde lachitsulo ndi yosavuta kukhudza, makamaka imvi.
- Korona, nthambi. Kwa munthu wamkulu, nsonga zochepa (nthawi zina za sing'anga makulidwe) zimapangidwa ngati mawonekedwe ozungulira pang'ono.
Korona ili ndi nthambi zowonongeka. Makungwa osasunthika makungwa amakhala ndi imvi.
- Akuwombera. Kuwongolera (nthawizina kwinakwake kochepa) mphukira ndi yosiyana ndi gawo lakuda kwambiri. Mtundu wa mphukira ndi wofiira, kuwala kwina kumaonekera pamwamba. Pa mphukira chiwerengero chachikulu cha mphodza yaying'ono imapangidwa.
Mphukira ya mtundu wa vegetative ndi yaing'ono kwambiri, pamene chipatsocho ndi cha kukula kwake.
- Masamba. Ukulu - kuchokera pakati mpaka pakati. Kutalika kwa pepala nthawi zonse ndi 11 masentimita, m'lifupi - 6 masentimita. Kukula kwakukulu kumawonekera pafupi ndi pamwamba.
Masamba amakula ngati mazira. Mtundu wapamwamba - wobiriwira, ndi sheen pang'ono. Pamwamba pa pepala pali zokhotakhota makwinya.
- Inflorescences. Maluwa oyera ammimba amamera ngati makapu.
Makhalidwe opangidwa ndi dzira ndi 9 mm kutalika ndi 7 mm m'lifupi. Pamphepete mwa pamakhala pali kupweteka pang'ono. Kawirikawiri 2-3 maluwa amasonkhanitsa limodzi Mphukira.
- Zipatso. Zipatso zamtundu kapena zachikasu zobala ndi sera zonyezimira zimakhala ndi kukula kwake, zolemera pakati pa 16-20 g.
Momwe mawonekedwewo amachitira, pali kusiyana pang'ono. Pa mimba ya mwanayo ndi msoko wooneka bwino. Pansi pa khungu lopweteka la thupi ndi mtundu wa chikasu wobiriwira, wotayika kwambiri, wolemera mu madzi.
M'kati muli fupa lalikulu, lomwe limakhala losiyana kwambiri ndi zamkati.
Mtengo. Ndi chomera champhamvu (kawirikawiri - kukula mofulumira).Chithunzi
Mutha kudziŵa bwino mapulani a "Hop Hop" mu chithunzi pansipa:
Mbiri yobereka
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Zingwe Zambiri" inakhazikitsidwa mu 1930 ndi Russian breeder N.Tikhonov. Kafukufuku anali kuchitika mumzinda wa Ussuriysk, m'munda wa Hopta.
Tikhonov anachita zambiri pofuna kulimbitsa zipatso zosabala zipatso ku Asia theka la Russia. M'zaka zotsatira, maulamulidwewa adakhala imodzi mwa mitundu ikuluikulu m'minda yamaluwa ku Siberia, Urals ndi Far East.
Kale mu 1974, "Yellow Hoppies" idaphatikizidwa mu zolembera za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo idakhazikitsidwa bwino m'madera akumadzulo a Siberia ndi Ural.
Kuyambira pachiyambi cha kukhalako kwake, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maulamuliroyi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama ndi asayansi ambiri-obereketsa pakupanga mitundu yatsopano yapamwamba.
Makamaka, kudera la Altai ndi kutenga nawo mbali "Zingwe Zambiri" Zarya Altai ndi mitundu yambiri yowonjezereka inalengedwa; ku Krasnoyarsk, Divnaya plum.
Kuchokera "Zingwe Zambiri" Kusinthika kwabwino kwazochitika zachilengedwe ndi nyengo, zipatso zabwino zimatumizidwa ku mitundu yatsopano. Komabe, ana ake akhoza kulandira kuchokera kwa "kholo" ndipo amamvetsa chisoni khungu lake.
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana
Izi maula limatanthawuza za mbewu zokhazokha za zipatso. Mitengo yotere, monga lamulo, ilibe mphamvu yodzipangira ndowe chifukwa cha mungu.
Pa chifukwa ichi, chodzala mtengo m'munda mitundu "Yellow Hoops", wolima munda ayenera kupeza mitengo yapafupi ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maula, yomwe imafalikira panthawi imodzimodziyo pamene maula amadziwika.
Kuperekedwa Mitundu yosiyanasiyana kudzera mwa katemera. Pakali pano, malo abwino kwambiri "Zingwe Zambiri" Mitundu ina ya Ussuri ndi Canada amasankhidwa.
Kawirikawiri fruiting ya maulawu amayamba pa 3-4 zaka mutabzala chaka ndi chaka. Pambuyo pake, pansi pa zonse zofunika agrotechnical zinthu, mtengo umabala zipatso zabwino chaka chilichonse. Makamaka, kuchokera pa chomera chimodzi pa nyengo mukhoza kufika 10-12 makilogalamu atsopano a plums (kapena pafupi 40-60 pakati pa hekita imodzi).
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zipatso, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapsa mu August - oyambirira a September, zimakhala zokondweretsa kwambiri, zimawoneka ndi kukoma ndi pang'ono zokopa. Komabe, mfundo yofooka ya maluwa onsewa ndi khungu, lomwe limapweteka kwambiri.
Pano muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri, chifukwa chovuta ichi chikhoza kupititsidwa kuzogulitsa. "Zingwe Zambiri".
Zipatso zili Zotsatira za mankhwala zotsatirazi:
- shuga - 13.6%;
- titrate acids - 1.7%;
- Zinthu zowuma - 21.8%;
- ziphuphu - 0.74%;
- ascorbic asidi - 12 mg / 100 g;
- P-yogwira zinthu - 150 mg / 100 g
Tiyeneranso kudziwika bwino yovuta hardiness izi zosiyanasiyana. Momwemo zimakhudzira nkhuni. Koma chipatsocho sichimatha kupirira kwambiri chisanu, chomwe chiyenera kuganiziridwa pamene kuswana plums.
Zipatso zabwino zimadya bwino. Chifukwa cha khungu losasunthika komanso losasunthika, zimakhala zosavuta kulekanitsa mtunda wautali.
Mbali za kubzala ndi kusamalira
Mtengo wamtengo wapachaka umabzalidwa pamalo okwera bwino, opanda mphepo, malo okwera pansi pomwe madzi osadziwika samayandikira (sali pafupi ndi 1.5-2m) ndipo pamene nthaka yochuluka imakhalapo (dothi losavomerezeka silikuvomerezedwa ndi maula).
Pansi pa kubzala, kukumba dzenje ndi kuya kwa masentimita 50 ndi mamita masentimita 80. Musanadzalemo, dzenje liyenera kuloledwa kukhazikika kwa masabata 1.5-2.
Pambuyo podzaza mizu ndi nthaka yosakaniza, yomwe organic ndi mchere feteleza ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa, muzu wa khola uyenera kukwera masentimita 5-6 pamwamba pa nthaka.
Samalani ndi "mawanga" sizinali zosiyana ndi teknoloji ya kusamalira chomera china chilichonse. Zimaphatikizapo kumasulidwa kwa nthaka pafupi ndi mtengo, kuthetsa udzu, ndi kuthirira.
Phunzirani zambiri za mitundu ina ya ma Chinese: Dream Orel, Xenia, Skoroplodnaya, Alyonushka.
Pa nthawi yomweyo m'nyengo youma pa 1 lalikulu. Kuwonekera kwa korona wamtengo kumagwiritsa ntchito chidebe cha madzi 1. Mitengo yaing'ono imafuna (makamaka m'nyengo youma) ulimi wothirira mobwerezabwereza kuposa zomera zakulirapo.
Kuti mupeze mbewu zabwino, nthawi zonse zimalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito madiresi apamwamba ngati mawonekedwe a 3 kg wa manyowa (kompositi) pa 1 sq. m pristvolnogo chiwembu.
Kuti mulingo wa fruiting uli woyenera, mtengo umafunika kudulira nthawi zonse. Ndipo kuchokera ku chimfine chachisanu, achinyamata a zaka 3-4 zoyambirira za moyo akulangizidwa kuti aziphimba ndi sacking, yomwe ili yokutidwa mu zigawo ziwiri kuzungulira thunthu.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Maphunziro a "Zopupa Zambiri" amasonyeza bwino kukana zowawa za hawthorn, komanso kugwedeza. Pa nthawi yomweyo, tizilombo tikhoza kuvulaza kwambiri zomera - Anatchulidwa ndi Maslovsky.
Mphutsi zowopsya za Hymenoptera izi zimadya kwambiri mbewu. Zotsatira zake, ma plums adzauma, kutembenuka wakuda ndikugwa.
Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chilimwe chilimwe (pakati pa mwezi wa June) ndi 0.2 peresenti yothetsera lepidro kapena chlorophos imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndipo kale zipatso zimakhala bwino kuti musonkhanitse kuchokera ku mtengo pasadakhale.
Zipatso zonunkhira ndi zonunkhira za ma pulezidenti achi China zingakhale zokongoletsa kwenikweni za phwando ndi njira yabwino kwambiri ya gawo lake la mchere. Komabe, zonsezi zidzatheka kokha pokhapokha podziwa, chidziwitso ndi ntchito yowonjezera yogwiritsidwa ntchito ku chomera.
