Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dziko la Russia - Cherry Memory Vavilova

Pakalipano, pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha mitundu ya chitumbuwa. Kusonyeza makhalidwe osiyanasiyana, amatha kukhutiritsa pafupifupi aliyense wogula kukoma.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya zomera zomwe zimakondweretsa okonda zipatso zoyambirira ndi zipatso zawo. Mtsogoleri wotchuka wa gululi ndi mtundu wa chitumbuwa kukumbukira Vavilov.

Olima minda ya pakati pa Russia ndi mayiko ena omwe kale anali USSR amasonyeza chidwi chake. Kufotokozera kwina kwa mitundu ya chitumbuwa kukumbukira Vavilov, mbiri ya kusankha ndi malingaliro odzala.

Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana

Katumbuwa amapezeka chifukwa cha kusaka kafufuzidwe ndi ofufuza. Bungwe lonse la Russian Research Genetics and Breeding (lomwe kale linali Central Genetic Laboratory) iwo. I.V. Michurin (Michurinsk, dera la Tambov).

Mitundu ya chitumbuwa pokumbukira Vavilov inaperekedwa kwa Wamasayansi ndi Soviet scientist - genetics ndi wofalitsa, yemwe amapanga zomera zazikulu kwambiri za mbewu zomwe zimamera, wophunzira wa USSR Academy of Sciences ndi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov (1887-1943).

Mlembi wa mlembi amene adagwira ntchito pakukula kwa mitundu yatsopano (E.N. Kharitonov, S.V. Zhukov), anasankha mbande zomwe zinapezeka chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwaufulu kwa mitundu yosiyana siyana monga maziko a chitumbuwa cha "memorial".

Pambuyo poyesa mayesero angapo, mayeserowa adadziwika bwino ndipo anaphatikizidwa mu zolembera za boma za mitundu ya zipatso. m'munsi mwa Lower Volga ndi Central Black Earth. Izo zinachitika mu 1985

Pambuyo pempho lovomerezeka la zatsopano, osati olima wamaluwa omwe ali pakatikati ku Russia komanso akatswiri ochokera m'mayiko ena omwe kale anali Soviet Union anayamba chidwi.

Makamaka, obereketsa ankachita nawo zoyesera zawo zokha kuti asinthe ma cherries a Memory ya Vavilov kumalo amtundu wa nyengo ndi agrotechnical. Ukraine ndi Belarus. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitumbuwa kukumbukira Vavilov inavomerezedwa kuti ipange malo ku Kharkov, Gomel ndi ku Grodno madera, kufotokozera za mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.

Morozovka, Mu kukumbukira Enikeeva, Zhivitsa, Turgenevka ndiyenso kulima m'madera awa.

Kuwonekera kwa chitumbuwa Memory of Vavilov

Cherry Mu kukumbukira Vavilov ali ndi zakuthupi ndi zina zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi mbewu zina za chitumbuwa. "Chithunzi" chake chikuwoneka ngati ichi:

Mtengo

Odziwika bwino wamtali. Mtundu wa makungwa a tsinde ndi wobiriwira.
Korona, nthambi.

Mu yamatcheri a mtundu umenewu, korona amapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a piramidi yofala kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa nthambi za korona ndizochepa. Maonekedwe a korona amawerengedwa ngati ofunika.

Akuwombera. Mbalame zobiriwira komanso zobiriwira zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.

Pa mphukira pali ochepa internodes. Mbalame zazikulu, zofiirira za mtundu wa conical, ndi ndondomeko zenizeni nthawi zambiri zimasiya pang'ono kuthawa.

Masamba. Dzira ngati tsamba lakuda lakuda lili ndi pamwamba komanso lakuya. Mankhwala apakatikati amapanga tsamba la bicuspid. Pepala lokha, monga lamulo, liri lopindika mozama. Kuchokera pamwamba, matte pamwamba pa mbaleyo ndi yosalala kwambiri kukhudza, ndi nambala ya makwinya.

Tsamba lakuya lili ndi kulephera pang'ono. Chobiriwira chobiriwira, timagulu ta mitundu yosiyanasiyana timakonda kugwa mofulumira. Masamba atsekedwa ku nthambi pogwiritsa ntchito mapulaneti ochepa, otetezeka a petioles omwe amawoneka bwino.
Inflorescences Yopangidwa ndi maluwa aakulu oyera. Mphepete mwa maluwa onse ndi pang'ono.

Zipatso

Zipatso zamtundu umodzi mwa mawonekedwe a mtima wozungulira mu dziko lopsa ndi zazikulu kwambiri.

Zizindikiro za kulemera panthawi yomweyo - maulendo (nthawi zambiri, kulemera kwa zipatso zamtunduwu kumakhala ndi 3.6 mpaka 4.2 g; Nthawi zambiri, chitumbuwa chimatha kulemera pang'ono). Mzere wozungulira ndi mapepala amapatsa silhouette wooneka ngati mtima mpaka mwanayo.

Zipatso zofanana ndi maonekedwe ndi kulemera zimaperekedwa ndi Vyanok, Lebedyanskaya ndi Dessert Morozova.

Pamunsi pake palinso ndodo yosaya. Mtundu wa khungu la zipatso zakupsa ndi burgundy.

Mtundu wa zamkati ndi wofiira. Mnofu wokha umakhala wosasinthasintha mosavuta komanso wambiri wamadzi ofiira amdima.

Mkati mwa chipatsocho ndi fupa lamphongo la mdima wofiira. Kuchokera ku fupa lamkati limagawanika popanda khama lalikulu.

Chithunzi

Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana

Chosungunuka chosiyanasiyana Memory of Vavilov pa mfundo ya umuna ndi wa gulu lodzikonda zipatso mbewu. Zogwirizana ndi mitundu imeneyi zimatanthauza kuti, chifukwa cha maonekedwe ena a maluwa (minofu ndi chisokonezo cha pistil zili pamphukira pazigawo zosiyanasiyana) ndi njira yopanga ovary, zipatso zochepa kwambiri zimapangidwa ndi kudzikonda.

Mitundu yopanda malire ndi Zhukovskaya, Malinovka, Podbelskaya.

Vutoli limachotsedwa poika pafupi ndi munthu wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo ya mitundu yambiri ya chitumbuwa.

Kotero, zochitika zowonongeka zimasonyeza izo zokolola zabwino ndi zipatso zabwino za Memory of Vavilov amalimbikitsa mitundu ya pollination monga Turgenevka, msinkhu womwewo.

Mu nyengo yoyenera ya nyengo ndi agrotechnical, chikhalidwe chimayamba kubereka zipatso. m'chaka chachinayi mutabzala pulasitiki.

Mtengo chaka chilichonse imamasula mwamsanga mokwanira, komanso malinga ndi nthawi ya kucha zipatso, imatanthawuzira ku yamatcheri oyambirira. Zipatso zabwino zimachotsedwa pakati July 15 ndi 25.

Ngati zofunikira zonse zobzala, kusamalira zomera ndi kuteteza ku matenda ndi tizirombo zimatsatiridwa mosamala, chitumbuwa mu Memory of Vavilov chimasonyeza zokolola zambiri. Makamaka, chaka chilichonse mtengo wamtengo wapatali umachotsedwa ku mtengo waukulu. zokolola za 13-16 makilogalamu, ndipo nthawi zina 20-22 makilogalamu.

Mitundu ngati Rossoshanskaya wakuda, Tamaris, Minx, Chernokorka amasonyeza zokolola zambiri.

Cherry za zosiyanasiyana zimapanga zipatso ndi zabwino kukoma katundu. Zogulitsidwazo zimadziwika ndi zolemba zozizwitsa zosiyana, zokoma zowawa.

Mitundu yamatcheriyi, akatswiri ambiri amapereka mfundo zoposa 4 pamlingo wa 5 omwe akuyang'ana kukoma kwake. Kuzindikira kotereku ndikofunikira kwambiri pakufala kwa yamatcheri m'madera atsopano.

Zomwe zimapangidwa pa Memory Memory ya Vavilov zimaphatikizapo zigawo zotsatirazi:

Cherry Memory Memory Vavilova amasonyeza pafupifupi yozizira hardiness. Pa nthawi yomweyo, nkhuni za chikhalidwe ichi ndi masamba a maluwa ake ndizovuta kwambiri kuzizira pakati pa gulu.

Ponena za kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zipatso, Cherry Memory Vavilov chitumbuwa zosiyanasiyana amatenga malo apadziko lonse. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, zipatso zake zimadya mofanana ndi zakudya zonse zatsopano ndi zamakono zogwiritsidwa ntchito.

Komabe, yamatcheri atsopano, komanso compote, kupanikizana, kupanikizana kapena mowa wamchere amawakonda osati kokha kwa kukoma kwawo. Amakhalanso ndi mitundu yambiri ya macro-micronutrients, pectic zinthu, mavitamini - zonse zomwe ziri zofunika kwambiri kuti ukhale ndi thanzi laumunthu.

Nyengo yamatchire yambiri yamatcheri imaphatikizaponso Tsarevna, Ashinskaya, Uralskaya Rubinovaya ndi Fairy.

Kubzala ndi kusamalira

Nthaŵi yoyambira iyenera kutsogolo malo okonzekerapamene mtengo udzakula ndi kupereka mbewu zake. Kutsimikiza kwa malo abwino kwambiri kumadalira momwe kupambana ndi kupindulitsa kulima kwa Vavilov's Memory Cherry kudzakhala.

Choyamba, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mtengo (poyamba, mizu yake) ndi malo okwanira kuti akule bwino.

Popeza kuti zosiyanasiyanazi ndi za mbewu zapamwamba, akatswiri amalangiza kuti apange gawo la 4x4 m kubzala nyemba imodzi.

Ayenera kukhala wabwino nthawi yomweyo litayikidwa ndi dzuwa, ili mu ngodya yopanda mphepo ya m'munda (zingakhale zabwino kukhala ndi khoma pafupi ndi nyumba iliyonse), kumene madzi akumwa sakhala okwera mamita 2 pamwamba pa dziko lapansi.

Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti chitumbuwacho chimapangidwa bwino pa dothi loamy ndi mchenga.

Cherry ingabzalidwe palimodzi masika ndi yophukira. Pa malo obzala mitengo kukumba dzenje lakuya 40-60 masentimita ndi mamita awiri osachepera 60 cm. Nthaka yotengedwa kuchokera ku dzenje iyenera kusakanizidwa bwino ndi organic ndi mineral feteleza kuti mudzaze mizu yake.

Musanadzalemo dzenje kutsanulira 2-3 ndowa zamadzi ndipo mumulole iye akhale masiku angapo.

Kuti sapling ikhale mizu bwino ndikuyamba kukula mwamsanga, ndibwino kuti feteleza monga mtundu wa humus kapena manyowa, superphosphate (35-40 g) ndi potassium chloride (20 g) ziyike pansi pa dzenje.

Njira yamakono yobzala mbande za mitunduyi ndi yofanana ndi luso la kubzala mbewu zina za chitumbuwa. Mtengowo umaloledwa mu dzenje m'midzi ndipo, mutagwira pa malo amenewo, dzenje ladzaza ndi kusakaniza kwa nthaka ndi feteleza.

Kuwonjezera apo, malo oterewa amaonedwa kuti ndi olondola, pamene, atatha kutentha, malo a mizu yotembenukira mu tsinde (mizu) imatuluka pamwamba pa mlingo wa 6-7 masentimita.

Kumapeto kwa kudzazidwa kwa mizu, tcherani malo pambali pa thumba la mmera ndi phazi lanu kapena njira zina. Pakati pa 30-40 masentimita kuzungulira thunthu kupanga dothi ladothindipo kenako anapangidwa motere Nkhokwe 2-3 za madzi osungirako zimatsanulidwa pa chingwecho.

Pofuna kuteteza dziko lapansi kuti lisamayambe kuyanika komanso kudumpha, bwalo la thunthu limawaza mulch kuchokera ku utuchi kapena humus.

Kuti mtengo ukhale bwino, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse. Kusamalira bwino kumaphatikizapo ulimi wothirira, nthawi zonse kumasulidwa kwa nthaka pansi pa mtengo, kudulira nthambi. Kudulira kwa yamatcheri amachitika chaka chilichonse kumayambiriro kwa masika.

Izi ziyenera kuchitika musanayambe mphukira (pafupifupi mu April). Ngati nthambi yakonzedwa bwino, iyenera kudulidwa pamunsi kuti pasanafike thumba pamtengo.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Olima munda omwe akugwira nawo ntchito yolima zosiyanasiyana Memory Memory Kusamalidwa bwino kwa mitundu iyi ku coccomycosis. Komabe motsutsana Moniliosis chikhalidwe chimasonyeza kusamalitsa moyenerakuti chitumbuwa chimatengera chiopsezo cha matendawa.

Chifukwa chodziwika ndi causative agent of moniliosis, asilomycete monilia bowa, nthambi za mtengo zimayamba kuuma mofulumira. Izi zimayambitsa kufooka kwa mbewu ndi imfa yake.

Vuto limathetsedwa ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito nkhuni fungicides. Pali mitundu yamatcheri amene amatsutsana kwambiri ndi matenda a fungal, monga Lyubskaya, Vladimirskaya, ndi Novella.

Kukonza kumachitika mu magawo atatu - nthawi, nthawi komanso kumapeto kwa maluwa. Pa nthawi yomweyi, zigawo zouma za nthambi zimadulidwa ndi kugwidwa kwa gawo labwino la nthambi pafupi masentimita 10.

Kukwaniritsidwa kwa malamulo onse a kulima mitundu ya Pamyat Vavilov kumapangitsa mwayi wokhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso lokoma kwambiri.