Cosmea - chomera chodabwitsa, maluŵa ake owala ndi olemera amathandizidwa ndi chilimwe cha chilimwe ndi dzuwa lotentha.
Lero, chomera ichi chodzichepetsa kuchokera ku Mexico chikhoza kupezeka pafupifupi paliponse - m'mabwalo a m'mizinda komanso pa udzu wa nyumba zapanyumba.
Maluwa otchedwa flowerbed ndi zokongoletsera amafanana kwambiri ndi motley ndi chophimba chobiriwira, chokongoletsedwa ndi maluwa amitundu yambiri, asterisk.
Kosmeya ndi chomera chosakanikirana cha banja la Aster. Mpaka pano, pali mitundu yoposa makumi awiri ya zomera.. Kodi cosme ndi kulima kwake zikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani ino.
Mukudziwa? Dzina lakuti Cosme limachokera ku liwu lachigriki lakuti "kosmeo", lomwe limamasulira ngati zokongoletsa.
Kukula mbewu zakuthambo
Mitundu ya mitundu ya zodzoladzola monga sulfure-chikasu ndi double-penis, imatha kukhalabe bwino kwa zaka 2-3.
Njira yambewu imaphatikizapo njira ziwiri zoyenera kubzala: chisa ndi cholimba. Njira yoyamba ikuphatikizapo kulengedwa kwazing'onozing'ono pamtunda wa mamita 30-35 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. 3-4 Mbewu za chomera zimayikidwa mu chitsime chirichonse, ndipo zonsezi zimasakanizidwa ndi dziko lapansi.
Mu njira yachiwiri, mbewuzi zimangowambalala pamwamba pa bedi lonse la maluwa, ndikuliyika pang'ono ndi manja awo ndi kuwaza ndi kamtunda kakang'ono ka humus kapena nthaka yachonde.
Ndikofunikira! Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti tikulitse kwambiri mbewu zazitsamba pamene tikubzala, chifukwa izi zikhoza kuchititsa kuchedwa kwakukulu pakuwoneka kwa mphukira zoyamba.
Kubzala mbewu zokongola za mbande
Kukula bwino kumayamba ndi mbande zokolola. Musanadzalemo mmera kwa mbande, nkoyenera kuyamba ndi tanthauzo la mwezi wobzala. Nthawi yabwino ndi Iyi ndi March-April. Mbewu ya zodzoladzola ndi yosavuta kwambiri, choncho, pofesa mbande, amafunika kuponyedwa pansi, koma osadulidwa. Pambuyo pake, sungani nthaka ndikuphimba ndi filimu yoonekera.
Bokosi la mbeu liyenera kuikidwa pa kuwala. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri kuchokera tsiku lofesa mbewu, perekani mphukira zoyamba. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa mbeu kumera mipaka kuchokera ku +18 kufika +20 ° C. Kuti kukula kwa mbande kukhale kosayenera kutentha kumakhala kuchokera +16 mpaka +18 ° С.
Ngati mbandezo ndi zazikulu, ndiye kuti amafunika kuchepetsedwa kotero kuti mtunda wa pakati pa mbande unali pafupi masentimita 10 mpaka 15.
Ndikofunikira! Kosmeya imabereka bwino bwino ndi kufesa. Chaka chimodzi mutabzala, mukhoza kupeza maluwa ambirimbiri omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Izi zimapangidwa ndi kuthekera kwa kukonzanso ku pollination.
Kubzala zokongola pamalo otseguka
Cosmey pa flowerbed ziwoneka zabwino ngati mukutsatira malamulo a kubzala mbewu poyera.
Kubzala mbewu zowonongeka pamalo otseguka kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, chisanu chimasungunuka. Mbewu ziyenera kufalikira pamwamba pa nthaka mu magulu ang'onoang'ono a zidutswa 3-4, pafupifupi pafupifupi masentimita 30 mpaka 40, ndipo pang'ono ndi pang'ono zimakhala ndi chikhato chawo. Kuzama kolowera sikuyenera kukhala woposa sentimita imodzi.
Popanda kufesa mbewu, cosmela imamasula mu July ndi kumayambiriro kwa August. Komanso fesani kosmeyu mu nthaka yotseguka ikhoza kumapeto kwa autumn. Kosmeya imabereka bwino mwa kudzidalira nokha mu nthawi yophukira, iwe umangoyenera kuchepetsa kukula kwa kasupe komwe kwakula.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti apange korona wokongola, chomeracho chingadulidwe. Njirayi siidzakhudza maluwa, ndipo maluwawo adzawoneka okongola ndi okongola.
Kusankha malo ndi malo a malo
Ponena za cosmey, malo otseguka ndi dzuwa, otetezedwa bwino ndi mphepo, ndi abwino kwambiri kuti asamalidwe kunja. Kosmeya imasokoneza kwambiri nthaka. Cholinga chake chikanakhala chosasunthika, chonyowa nthaka, ndi chakudya chokwanira cha organic ndi mchere feteleza. Chinthu chachikulu - musadwale ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza moyenera.
Kukula kosmey mumthunzi kapena pamthunzi, komanso pa nthaka yochulukitsa nthaka kungapangitse kukula kwa masamba.
Kutsiriza kutentha kwa mpweya wotentha ndi dziko lapansi lokwanira ndilo nthawi yabwino pamene kuli koyenera kufesa zokongoletsa pansi. Onetsetsani izi, ndipo chomeracho chidzakusangalatsani inu ndi maluwa ochuluka ndi owala.
Kubzala mbande pa tsamba
Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May - kumayambiriro kwa June, pamene pamapeto pake kumakhala kutentha, n'zotheka kudzala maluwa.
Konzani zitsime zakuya zogwiritsa ntchito 30 x 30 kapena 35 x 35 sentimenti ndikuzisamaliranso mosamala.
Pambuyo pake, pitirizani kubzala mosamala za mbande m'mitsuko iyi, yikani nthaka ndikuyitsanso.
Kumbukirani kuti mitundu yambiri ya mapiritsi amafunika kuthandizidwa, choncho funani pansi musanakhale ndodo kapena slats zomwe mungathe kumanga shrub ya chomera chachikulu. Pambuyo pa kosmeya ikafika masentimita 50 mu msinkhu, yikani pamwamba pa mphukira, ndipo chomeracho chidzawoneka bwino kwambiri.
Ndi njira yobzala, maluwawo amapezeka pakati pa June ndi pakati pa July (izi zimadalira nyengo ndi kukula kwa mbande).
Kuphatikiza kosmey ndi zomera zina
Kulemera kwake kwa cosmela kumakulolani kuti mumve maluwa anu osadabwitsa. Kosmeya m'mapangidwe a munda akuwoneka bwino kwambiri pa malo alionse. Kuphatikiza kwakukulu kumapanga malo okongola ndi zomera monga phlox, chamomile ndi marigold.
Mitundu yaitali ya kosmey, yomwe idabzalidwa pa mipanda ndi mipanda, imakulolani kupanga mtundu wa zitsamba. Oimira okhazikika adzawoneka bwino kwambiri motsutsana ndi maziko a zomera zapamwamba maluwa a bedi lanu.
Zina Zothandizira Zabwino
Cosmey chisamaliro sichiri cholemetsa ngakhale kwa novice florists. Nazi malingaliro a chisamaliro cha cosme:
- kuthira madzi cosme kamodzi kamodzi pa sabata;
- kuthira madzi okwanira 4-5 zidebe zamadzi ziyenera kutsanulidwa pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse;
- mutatha kuthirira nthaka muyenera kumasula, ndi kuchotsa namsongole;
- gwiritsani ntchito feteleza kuti maluwa azidyetsa zodzoladzola;
- Kupaka pamwamba kumachitika katatu pa nyengo (musanayambe kuphuka, nthawi yomweyi, komanso kumayambiriro kwa maluwa);
- kwa zambiri zambiri maluwa akhoza foliar ntchito. Kuti muchite izi, sungani masamba ndi kukonza "Bud";
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakaniza feteleza, kumbukirani chinthu chachikulu - kuchepetsa kuyenera pa chirichonse;
- Musaiwale kuchotsa maluwa ophuka a mbewuyo pakapita nthawi;
- Ngati kosmey yakula kwambiri, ndiye kuti ikhoza kugwedezeka. Ubwino wa kugwiritsidwa ntchito uku ndiko kuti maluwa siimatha, ndipo tchire la zomera zimakhala zowonjezereka komanso zokongola.
Nthawi yosonkhanitsa ndi kusunga mbewu za cosme
Pofuna kusonkhanitsa mbewu, ndibwino kusankha tsiku lomveka ndi louma. Kawirikawiri amasonkhana masana pamene mame amatha mdima.
Ndi bwino kusonkhanitsa mbeu m'matumba ang'onoang'ono a nsalu kapena matumba.
Ngati palibe mbewu zambiri, ndiye kuti akhoza kusungidwa m'matumba omwewo, okonzedwa momasuka m'bokosi. Kenaka bokosili liyenera kuikidwa m'chipinda chouma komanso chotentha.
Kuti musasokonezeke, lembani pa chomera chosiyanasiyana ndi tsiku la kusonkhanitsa mbewu. Ngati pali mbewu zambiri, zikhoza kufalikira mu mabokosi ochepetsetsa kapena mwaukhondo papepala. Ndi bwino kuyika mapepala ena kwinakwake m'chipinda chapamwamba kapena m'khola - chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti ndi youma ndi yotentha pamenepo.
Mukudziwa? Nthanga zam'mimba zimatha kukolola minofu yonse yomwe imakula komanso kukula bwino, pamene kukula kwa mbeu kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.
Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji malo osatha?
Kuti chisangalalo chosatha chisangalale ndi maluwa ochuluka lotsatira chilimwe, chiyenera kukonzekera bwino m'nyengo yozizira. Monga lamulo, maluwa onse osatha omwe amawombera pansi, Muyenera kuchepetsako, kusiya mpweya wochepa chabe wa pafupifupi masentimita awiri. Pambuyo kudula mitengo yomwe ili pafupi ndi chomeracho, m'pofunikira kudutsa, ndikutsanulira humus kapena kompositi. Malo osanjikiza a mulch sayenera kukhala osachepera 5 centimita.
Kusakanikirana kosavuta kwa tizirombo ndi matenda
Palibe zomera zambiri zomwe zingadzitamande chifukwa cha kukana kwa tizirombo ndi matenda. Koma kosmey ndi chomera chimene samachita mantha ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Nkhumba zokha zomwe zimagonjetsa ndegeyi ndizo nkhono ndi slugs.
Mukhoza kuwachotsa mothandizidwa ndi kusonkhanitsa. Ngati njirayi siimabweretsa zotsatira, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Mitundu yonse ya mankhwalawa imapezeka pafupifupi pafupi ndi malo aliwonse ogulitsa maluwa. Njira yothandiza kwambiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi Mabingu, Lepidotsid, Pochin.
Kumbukirani kuti kukonza nthawi imodzi sikudzatha kubweretsa zotsatira zabwino. Cosmea iyenera kukonzedwa katatu pafupipafupi masiku asanu ndi awiri. Awerenge mosamala malangizo a mankhwalawa, popeza nthawi yawo yosiyanasiyana imasiyana pang'ono.
Mitundu ya Cosmee
Kosmeya ndi chomera cha nyengo yozizira komanso yam'mlengalenga.
Kugawo la nyengo yozizira ya ku continental, mitundu itatu ya zodzikongoletsera imakhazikitsidwa bwino ndikukula - imodzi yosatha ndi zaka ziwiri.
Tiyeni tiwone bwinobwino mitundu iyi.
Mukudziwa? M'zinenero za Chirashi zofalitsa, kuphatikiza pa dzina lachikhalidwe la kosmey, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mayina monga kukongola, Kasmeya ndi aster Mexico.
Cosmea bipinnatus
Ndiwo zomera zamtchire zapachaka zomwe zimapezeka kumapiri a ku Mexico. Zomwe zimakhala ndi nthambi zambiri zimayambira, kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 80 mpaka 150. Dzinalo palokha limasonyeza kuti masamba a mitundu iyi amadulidwa kukhala lobes filaousous, choncho ali ndi zofanana ndi masamba a katsabola.
Mabasiketi amatha kukula kwa masentimita 7 mpaka 10 ndipo amakula mwina amodzi kapena masewera akuluakulu a chithokomiro. Maluwa okongola amakhala oyera, pinki, ofiira kapena ofiirira tinge. Maluwa ophwanyika pakati pa gengu amapanga tchikasu chachikasu. Kosmeya dvuhperperistaya imamasula kwambiri ndipo imapereka mbewu yabwino.
Cosmeus magazi ofiira (Cosmos atrosanguineus)
Woyimira mankhwala osungunuka osasamba ndi mtundu wofiira wamagazi. Mofanana ndi mitundu ina yambiri, mitundu imeneyi inabweretsanso kuchokera ku Mexico. Nthaŵi zina mitundu imatchedwa kuti cosme yakuda, chifukwa maluwa a mitundu imeneyi amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wofiira wobiriwira ndi fungo lapamaso chokoleti.
Masamba a mitundu imeneyi ali ndi maonekedwe ovuta komanso amakhala ndi masamba osakwanira. Kosmeya wofiira wa magazi ndi chomera chodziwika kwambiri cha thermophilic, choncho ndi bwino kukula mu miphika yomwe ikhoza kubweretsedwa mnyumba pamene nyengo yozizira imalowa.
Ngati mumasankha kulima chomera pamtunda, ndiye kuti chidzafunika kuphimbidwa m'nyengo yozizira.
Cosmeya sulphureus (Cosmos sulphureus)
Mitundu ya thermophilic, yokongola, nthambi ndi pubescent imakhala pafupifupi mamita 1.5 mmwamba. Masambawa amadulidwa kawiri ndipo katatu amakhala opangidwa ndi nthenga zambirimbiri zomwe zimakwera pamwamba. Maluwa amtundu amaonekera chifukwa cha malalanje kapena mtundu wa golide, mdima wonyezimira, wachiwombankhanga, wotchedwa anther ndi mapeto a mthunzi wa lalanje.
Kosmeya ndi chomera chodabwitsa kwambiri. Bzalani kumene malo achoka, ndipo tsamba ili lidzawoneka ndi mitundu yatsopano, yowala komanso yokondwa. 
