Ngakhale kuti mbalame zapamwamba zimatchedwa "parrot's disease", chifukwa mbalame zokongoletsera zimawonekera mosavuta kuposa ena, zingathe kupha mbalame zazikulu ndi zooneka ngati zamphamvu kwambiri: nkhuku, abakha, atsekwe, tizilomboti - pafupifupi 200 mitundu.
Kuopsa kwa mankhwalawa, omwe amatchedwa pneumonia opatsirana, psittacosis ndi chlamydia, chifukwa cha mphamvu yake ya causative wothandizira kuti azipitirizabe kukhala ndi chilengedwe kwa nthawi yaitali (mu zisa za mbalame ndi zinyalala - miyezi ingapo, mu madzi otsegula - pafupi masabata 2-3), ndipo mpweya ndi mpweya zimalowa m'thupi la munthu.
Anthu akhoza kutenga kachilombo kokha ndi mbalame zokha. Anthu omwe amagwira ntchito mosamalira mbalame kapena ogwira ntchito zonyama ndiwo oyamba kukhala pachiopsezo.
Kodi mbalamezi zimakhala zotani?
Kwa nthawi yoyamba chidziwitso chinapezeka mu 1879 ndipo chinatchulidwa psittacosis (kuchokera ku "psittacidae" - banja la mapulotcha), popeza budgerigars nthawi zambiri anali odwala kachilomboka.
Komabe, popitiriza kufufuza kachilombo ka HIV ndi zotsatira zake pa mbalame, matendawa amachititsa kuti chlamydia, chifukwa kachilombo ka HIV ndi ya chlamydia, ndipo osati khungu lamatenda.
Mu 1942, atayambanso kufufuza kachilomboko ndi zotsatira zake zomwe zimayambitsa mbalame, K.F. Mayer akuganiza kuti agwiritse ntchito dzina lina, limene tikudziŵa tsopano matendawa - zolemba (Ornithos - kumasuliridwa kuchokera ku Greek amatanthawuza "mbalame").
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nthawi yayitali, ornithosis ndi imodzi mwa matenda omwe amachititsa kuti eni eni a nkhuku azidabwa, chifukwa chiwerengero cha kachilombo ka HIV ndi malo omwe ulimi wa nkhuku umapangidwira.
Causative agent
Matenda a chlamydia kuchokera ku banja amachititsa kuti mbalame, kuswana mu minofu miyambo.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kuyambitsa mbalame zazikulu osati zinyama zokha.
Pambuyo pake, mwachibadwa, mazira awa sadzakhalanso ana aang'ono, komabe amapatsidwa mankhwala, mothandizidwa ndi ma laboratories a zipatala kuti aphunzire chikhalidwe ndi zotsatira za kachilombo ka HIV.
Gwero la kachilombo kawirikawiri limakhala anthu odwala, omwe pa nthawi yayitali (yamapeto) ya matendawa ali ndi nthawi yoti athetse achibale awo ambiri.
Vutoli limatulutsidwa kuchokera ku mbalame yodwalayo pamene ikuwombera kapena kukakamira ndi kutseka.. Mwa kuipitsa mafunde, malingaliro ndi chakudya, mbalame yodwala imatha kufalitsa kachilomboko ku chilengedwe, kuopseza onse okhala mnyumbamo.
Ndizotheka kachilombo koyambitsa matenda - pogwiritsa ntchito khungu loonongeka mu mbalame komanso pa peklevyvaniya (mwambo woterewu sungamvetsetseke kawirikawiri, nkhuku zimatuluka kuchokera kwa nthenga kapena peppery chakudya chochepa).
Koma panthawi yogwira ntchito ya chlamydophilia, nkhukuyi imakhala yoopsa kwa mbalame ndipo imayambitsa matenda a gulu lonselo.
Mtundu wa nkhuku Fireball umakopa alimi a nkhuku ndi zizindikiro za nyama. Nkhukuzi zimatha kulemera mwamsanga!Potsatira izi: //selo.guru/ptitsa/kury/bolezni/k-virusnye/infektsionnyj-laringotraheit.html, mukhoza kuphunzira zonse za laryngotracheitis nkhuku.
Nthawi yeniyeni yomwe imayambitsa kachilombo ka HIV ndiyo kusakhoza kupirira kutentha. Iyo imagwa mu maminiti atatu pamene yophika komanso mu 10-15 mphindi ikawotchedwa 800.
Zizindikiro zachipatala
Zizindikiro zomwe nkhuku zimadya zimakhala zofanana ndi za matenda ena a avian.
Mbalameyo imasowa chilakolako komanso chidwi pa moyo. Chidwi, chisamaliro, chilakolako cha pet ya nyama yamphongo kuti akhale pambali payekha ayenera kuchenjeza mlimi wamkuku poyamba.
Pambuyo pa zizindikiro zoyamba, zotsatirazi zimachitika: zotayirira, kupuma, conjunctivitis.
Symptomatology
Zizindikiro za mbalamezi zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri, zomwe zimasocheretsa ngakhale alimi omwe ali ndi nkhuku zambiri: mwa munthu mmodzi, kupatulapo madontho ochepa a ntchentche kuchokera kumphuno, palibe chochitika, ndipo chimzake, chakuwoneka bwino, chimafa masiku angapo.
Zonse zimadalira vuto la kachilomboka., kuyambira pa nyengo komanso malo omwe mbalame zimatetezeka, komanso, kuyambira nthawi yozizira - nyengo yachisanu ndi yozizira, kuwonjezera pa kuzizira, imadziwikiranso kuti ikhoza kufooketsa zamoyo zomwe zimateteza nyama.
Mankhwalawa amapezeka m'modzi mwa mitundu iwiri: kaya ndi matenda aakulu kapena odwala.
Banja la bakha pa nthawi ya "kuphulika" kwachangu ndi pangozi yotaya ana makumi atatu peresenti. Zoonadi, nthata zapakati pa 3-30 ndizovuta kwambiri ku matendawa.
Mitundu yambiri yotchedwa ornithosis imayambitsa matenda a anorexia, hyperthermia ndi cachexia.. Mkazi amawononga kwambiri dzira kupanga, mbalame zimakhala ndi mantha komanso zamasintha.
Nkhuku za mibadwo yonse zinali zogonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi kachilomboka. Omwe akuyimira banja la nkhuku, monga lamulo, amapita mwamsanga komanso mofulumira kwambiri.
Nkhuku zazikulu zomwe zili ndi matendawa zimachepetsa ndi kutsekula m'mimba, nkhuku (nthawi zina) chiwindi chikhoza kuwonjezeka komanso zovuta monga fibrious epicadrite zimachitika.
Gawo labwino
Zizindikiro:
- Mavuto a kupuma (phokoso panthawi yotupa ndi kutuluka, mphuno, mpweya wochepa, sinusitis);
- kutsekula m'mimba ndi kuchepa kwa madzi;
- mkodzo wambiri;
- ludzu losauka lazimitsidwa;
- kusowa kudya;
- kuwonetsetsa ndi kusayang'ana bwino.
Maonekedwe osavuta
Zizindikiro:
- chisokonezo;
- malo osadziwika a mutu;
- chisokonezo;
- Kufa kwa miyendo (kwathunthu kapena tsankho).
Zowonjezera (zotheka) zizindikiro: mbalameyi imakhala yosamvetsetseka, yomvera kwambiri, imayamba kukhala ndi mavuto ndi misomali ndi misomali (brittleness, softness), kunjenjemera, maso akutupa.
Zosokoneza
Matendawa amapangidwa molingana ndi zotsatira za kusanthula zitosi za mbalame, goiter scrapings, ndi mucosal swabs.
Kuti mupeze matenda oyambirira a kunyumba, zimakwanira kuti muzindikire zizindikiro zambiri zozizwitsa zomwe zimayimira matendawa.
Chithandizo
Kuyambira chithandizo cha nkhuku, muyenera kudzikonzekeretsa kuti ndondomekoyi ikhale yaitali, osati nthawi zonse komanso yowopsa kwa umoyo waumunthu.
Koma kuyesa kusunga ziweto kumaimira mankhwala a tetracycline ndi kusanganikirana kashiamu nthawi zonse mu feeders.
Mu ulimi wa nkhuku zogulitsa nkhuku, nkhuku zonse zokhudzana ndi ziweto, zimawonongedwa. Kunyumba - nkotheka kudzipatula anthu omwe akudwala, ndipo ali ndi thanzi labwino kuti athe kuchita zambiri.
Koma ngakhale m'minda yaing'ono ya nkhuku, yomwe ili ndi mitu ingapo, muyenera kuyesa kuchuluka kwake kwa mbalame yodwala matendawa, kenako pitirizani kuchipatala. Apanso: chithandizochi chingatenge nthawi yayitali ndipo sichidzabweretsedwe zotsatira.
Poyamba, kuyamba mankhwala sikungakhale kwanzeru.
Kupewa
Chinthu choyamba ndi chofunikira pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zothandizira ndikuteteza kupewa pakati pa nkhuku ndi mbalame zakutchire.
Pamapulasi akuluakulu a nkhuku, dongosololi limaphatikizapo njira zowonongeka kwa mbalame zakutchire zikuuluka pamtunda.
Pofuna kupewa zofunikira kupeŵa fumbi m'nyumba, kutsatira malamulo a nkhuku zoyenera, kupuma kwa piritsi ya nkhuku osati nkhuku zokha, komanso ziweto zokha, kuchepetsa chikhalidwe ndi madzi.
Kuyambira mbalame kupita kwa munthu
M'zigawo zapitazo, tanena kale kuti mankhwala amodzi amasonyeza kuti thupi lawo limakhala lopanda mphamvu osati kungowononga thupi la mbalame, koma likhoza kubweretsa mavuto ambiri kwa anthu.
Pamene mukusamalira nkhuku zodwala, samalani - khalani ndi magolovesi komanso maski. Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yoteteza nthawi imodzi ndikuwathetsani mutapita kukaona mbalame zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka.
Ngati mumvetsetsa kuthetsa chiyembekezo kwa mkhalidwe wa bulu wodwala kapena nkhuku wodwala, funani mphamvu kuti muwononge mbalameyi, ngakhale kuti ndi yamtengo wapatali - kotero pali mwayi wochuluka kuti mupulumutse moyo wonse wa nkhuku komanso thanzi lanu.
