Zukini Zimayamikiridwa pakuphika chifukwa cha kukoma kwake komanso makhalidwe abwino. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzekera osati stews komanso caviar odziwika bwino, koma ngakhale zokometsera zokoma. Mbewu imeneyi yayambira kale m'madera ambiri akumidzi. Kusambira kumakhala kosavuta pobzala ndi kusamalira kunja, iwo akhoza kukula kuchokera ku mbewu ndi kudutsa mbande. Tidzakambirana za miyambo ya njira yomalizayi.
Kukula zukini kudutsa mbande
Kukula mbande za zukini njira ili ndi ubwino wambiri. Njirayi ndi yoyenera kumadera ozizira ndi ochepa chilimwe ndipo imapereka zokolola kale.
Pamene kudzala zukini kwa mbande
Nthaŵi yeniyeni yofesa sikwashi ya mbande ndi yabwino, zimadalira nyengo ya dera. Zitha kukhala April kapena May. Mbewu imafesedwa mwezi umodzi musanayambe kubzala m'mwamba. Ngati mukukonzekera kulima ndiwo zamasamba mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena pansi, mbewu zimayenera kubzalidwa masiku khumi ndi limodzi m'mbuyomo.
Kupereka mankhwala
Zipatso komanso zotsutsana ndi matenda zukini zakula kuchokera ku 2-3 wazaka mbewu. Choyamba, njere ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala ndi kuchotsedwa zosayenera chifukwa chodzala. Sungani mbewu za zukini nthawi zambiri zakhala zikukonzekera, ndipo palibe njira zowonjezera zomwe zidzafunike pa chithandizo chilichonse. Kawirikawiri mbewu izi zimakhala zobiriwira. Mbeu yokhazikika kapena yogula ndi manja iyenera kukonzedwa.
Pofuna kupewa matenda a fungal, mbewu zimasungidwa m'madzi otentha (madigiri 48-50) pafupifupi maola asanu, kenako zimalowetsedwa m'madzi ozizira kwa mphindi zingapo. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a mphindi 20 pothetsa potassium permanganate ndi kutsuka kwina ndi madzi ozizira. Mbewu imatha kutenthedwa ndi dzuwa kwa masiku angapo kapena kuchizidwa ndi aloe ndi kalanchoe madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1. Komanso pofuna kuchiza mbewu, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa "Fitosporin-M". Kusintha kumachitika kwa maola 8 mpaka 18 kutentha.
Mukudziwa? Squash ya ku America - America. Zukini anabwera ku Ulaya m'zaka za m'ma XVI ndipo poyamba anali kukongoletsa chikhalidwe. Kenako, kukoma kwake kumayamikiridwabe. Zukini nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Mediterranean zakudya. Kuphatikizana ndi tomato ndi eggplants kukonzekera mbale ya classic ratatouille.
Dothi la mbande
Mtengo woyenera kubzala squash pa mbande sayenera kulowerera ndale kapena pang'ono zamchere. Zokwanira ndi zosakaniza: magawo asanu a peat, magawo 2 a humus ndi sod land, 1 part sawdust. Ngati gawolo liri losavuta kwambiri, mukhoza kuwonjezera choko kapena phulusa. Njira yabwino kwambiri idzasungiranso kusakaniza kwa mbande za masamba. Pogulitsa mungapeze dothi lapadera la mbewu za dzungu.
Ndondomeko yobzala mbewu za mbande
Musanafese, mbeu ya mbeu iyenera kuthiridwa musanayambe kutupa. Mbeu yotupa imatha kusungidwa m'firiji. Ngati zikumera, zidzakula mofulumira, koma ziyenera kukumbukira kuti mbeu za zukini ndizochepa kwambiri, zimayenera kusamalidwa bwino ndikufesedwa mbeu yomweyo. Mbeu zothandizidwa ziyenera kumangidwa mu nsalu yonyowa ndi pulasitiki, kuziika pamalo otentha ndikupatsa mpweya wokwanira mpweya wambiri patsiku. Nsalu sayenera kuuma kapena kukhala yonyowa kwambiri.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti asawononge mizu ya zukini pokamera nyemba m'nthaka, choncho ndi bwino kufesa mbewu mu makapu kapena mapeyala. Awiri pa atatu aliwonse amadzazidwa ndi nthaka yosakaniza, yothira madzi ofunda ndikufesa mbewu za zukini pozama masentimita 2-3 Ngati palibe chikhulupiliro cha kukula kwa mbeu, ndi bwino kuika mbeu ziwiri panthawi yopuma. Mphamvu ziyenera kuikidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu.
Ndikofunikira! Miphika ya peat - chidebe chosasungunuka bwino cha mbeu. Mbande ingabzalidwe motseguka pansi mwachindunji mu mphika, zomwe kenako zimawonongeka.
Zinthu pamaso kumera wa zukini mbewu
Mbande za zukini zikhoza kusungidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, pa loggia kapena pawindo. Asanayambe kuphuka, m'pofunika kukhala ndi kutentha kwa 18-24 ° C ndi kuthirira madzi otentha kamodzi pa sabata.
Kusamalira mbande zukini
Pakubwera kwa majeremusi, zidazo zimasulidwa kuchoka pa chovala ndikupita ku kuwala mu chipinda chozizira (khonde kapena loggia) ndi kutentha kwa 15-18 ° C masana ndi 13-15 ° C usiku. Musanafike pa malo, kutentha kwa mbande za zukini kuyenera kukhala pa 17-22 ° C masana ndi 13-17 ° C usiku. Zimamera bwino, mbande ziyenera kuunikira bwino, zomwe zikhoza kuwonjezeka mothandizidwa ndi chinsalu chopangidwa ndi zojambulajambula ndi makatoni. Iyenera kuikidwa kuti dzuwa liwonekere pa mphukira. Ngati mlengalenga muli wouma kwambiri, nsalu yonyowa iyenera kuyikidwa pa radiator yoyandikana nayo. Pakuwonekera kwa mbande yachitatu ya mbande, dothi losakaniza liyenera kuwonjezeredwa pang'onopang'ono kuti likhale ndi mizu yamphamvu mu thanki.
Patangotha mlungu umodzi, chovala choyamba chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi yankho la superphosphate ndi carbamide (0,5 supuni pa madzi okwanira 1 litre) kapena kumapeto kwa "Bud" pamwamba pake. Pambuyo masiku khumi, kamvedwe kachiwiri ndi yankho la lita imodzi ya madzi, phulusa ndi nitrophoska (supuni 0,5).
Pa kulima mbande zukini madzi okwanira kupanga madzi otentha kutentha. Kuthira miphika 8 kumafuna lita imodzi ya madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kuchepetsa nyengo yokolola ya Zelentsi, njira ya mmera iyenera kuphatikizapo kufesa mbewu.
Kubzala mbande za zukini pamalo awa
Ali ndi zaka 25-30, mbande zingaperekedwe kumalo.
Mukadzala zukini mbande mutseguka pansi
Pamene kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi madigiri 15, mukhoza kubzala mbewu za zukini potseguka pansi. Zomera zimakonzeka kubzala ngati ali ndi masamba angapo a masamba obiriwira, mizu yake imapangidwa bwino ndipo imakhudza lonse lonse la gombe, ndipo mizu ndi yoyera komanso yosasunthika.
Kusankha malo zukini
Kulima zukini kutseguka pansi, tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha dzuwa, kutetezedwa ku malo a mphepo ndi tebulo lakuya pansi. Zukini zimakonda nthaka yachonde ndi humus ambiri.
Ntchito yokonzekera
FPafupifupi masabata awiri musanayambe kubzala chiwembu, dothi liyenera kukumbidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa fosholo ndi feteleza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: chidebe cha humus kapena kompositi, chidebe cha zowonongeka, supuni 2 za supphosphate, magalasi awiri a phulusa, supuni ya urea ndi supuni ya potassium sulphate pa mita imodzi . Chifukwa cha chuma, feteleza akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsime. Amayenera kusakanizidwa ndi nthaka, kutsanulira bedi ndi madzi otentha ndikuphimba ndi zojambulazo asanawamwe. Mlungu umodzi usanatuluke madzulo, miphika ya mbande imatulutsidwa kunja kwa msewu kuti ukhale wosautsa.
Otsatira abwino ndi oipa
Ndibwino kuti musabzalenso sikwashi pamalo amodzi komwe iwo kapena mbewu zina zamakungu (nkhaka, sikwashi, sikwashi) zinakula chaka chatha. Pankhaniyi, masamba sangathe kusangalatsa zipatso zokolola komanso zoopsa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda omwe amapezeka pa dzungu.
Okonzeratu abwino kwa zukini ali oyambirira ndi kolifulawa, mbatata, kaloti, tomato, radishes, anyezi, parsley, letesi, adyo, wobiriwira. Zomera zomalizira zimakula kuti zikhale zobiriwira, zimapangitsa nthaka kukhala ndi nitrojeni ndi kufufuza zinthu, kulepheretsa kukula kwa namsongole. Mitengo iyi ndi nyemba ndi tirigu, calendula, mpendadzuwa, mpiru ndi ena.
Momwe mungabzalidwe mbande mutseguka
Mtunda pakati pa mabedi a zukini uyenera kufika 1-1.5 m. Pa mita iliyonse yazitali ya siteyi sayenera kukhala yoposa zitatu zomera zukini.
Ndi bwino kudzala zukini kutseguka pansi mu nyengo yofunda. Mu dzenje lililonse musanadzale muyenera kuika pang'ono humus ndi phulusa ndi moisten ndi madzi otentha. Peyala kapena mphukira ndi mchenga wa dziko lapansi zimalowetsedwa mu dzenje ku masamba a cotyledon, kuwonjezera dothi ndi kusowa.
Ngati pali chiopsezo cha chisanu, ziphuphu ziyenera kupangidwa ndi mabotolo apulasitiki kapena polyethylene. Kuti muchite izi, yikani makapu a waya pamwamba pa mabedi ndi kutambasula filimuyo.
Mukudziwa? Ku Italy ndi France (makamaka, ku Provence) zophika zukini maluwa ndi zakudya zotchuka. Kugwiritsa ntchito maluwa maluwa omwe sangathe kulenga zipatso. Amadyedwa yaiwisi kapena yokazinga mu batter, monga tchizi, nkhaka zophika, anchovies.
Kusamalira nyengo kwa squash pa tsamba
Zukini - wodzichepetsa kwambiri posamalira masamba. Monga chomera chirichonse, amafunika kuthirira, kumasula nthaka ndi kupalira, kudyetsa. Ngakhale ali osamalidwa bwino, akhoza kusangalatsa zipatso zabwino.
Momwe mungaphunzitsire madzi okwanira
Kuthira sikwashi kumalo otseguka kumapangidwa makamaka madzulo pansi pazu wa madzi otentha mu dzuwa. Pa kutentha zukini ayenera kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku. Pamene zomera zikukula mokwanira ndipo masamba atseketsa nthaka, kuthirira kungatheke masiku angapo mu nyengo yozizira ndipo patatha masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi limodzi (5-6) mu chisanu. Ngati masamba amatha kutentha kuchokera ku kutentha, zomera zimathiriridwa ndi bubu ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono. Sikwashi yomwe ikukula mu wowonjezera kutentha, imasowa madzi okwanira kusiyana ndi zomera zowonekera. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kungawononge zowola.
Kutsegula ndi kupalira pakati pa mizere
Kutulutsa bwino nthaka kumapereka madzi ndi kutentha, zomwe ndi zofunika kuti kukula kwa zukini. Mu chilala, dothi limayamba kuumitsa, ndikupanga kutumphuka, kotero liyenera kumasulidwa. Ndi bwino kugwirizanitsa kumasula ndi kupuma.
Kodi kudyetsa zukini
Organic feteleza pofuna kudyetsa zukini kuthengo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kugula kapena kukonzekera nokha.
Namsongole atatha kupuma kapena kuchenjeza ayenera kusonkhanitsidwa ndi kuikidwa mu mbiya mpaka pamwamba, kuthira madzi kumeneko ndi kusonkhezera nthawi zina. Patapita sabata, zomwe zili mu mbiya ziyenera kusankhidwa ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 8. Kenako, zitsamba kulowetsedwa madzi zukini, kuyesera kuti asatayike pa masamba ndi zimayambira. Chitani milungu iwiri mutatha kutseguka. Kudyetsa mobwerezabwereza kumachitika patatha sabata yoyamba. 
N'zotheka kusinthitsa pamwamba ndi feteleza manyowa. Manyowa ayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1:10, kuumirira dzuwa pa masiku angapo ndi madzi. Pamene zukini zidzakhala ovary, feteleza nthawi yachitatu. Pochita izi, konzekerani feteleza kuchokera 10 malita a kulowetsedwa kwa mchere kapena slurry, galasi lopanda phulusa ndi supuni ya double superphosphate. Ndibwino kuti mumwe madzi a m'deralo musanafike feteleza.
Processing (chitetezo) cha zukini kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda
HNjira yoyenera yosamalira ndi kuteteza sikwashi ku tizirombo ndi matenda. Pofuna kupewa matenda a fungaleni, sabata imodzi mutabzala, ndi bwino kuti mukhale ndi gawo limodzi lokha la Bordeaux osakaniza kapena mkuwa oxychloride, komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - Karbofos. M'dzinja, atatha kupanga chiwembu, nthaka iyenera kukumbidwa bwino ndikukonzekera mbeu ina.
Pofuna kuteteza nsabwe za m'masamba, zomera zimatulutsidwa katatu ndi madzi sopo (300 g sopo, kutsuka kwa madzi okwanira 10 malita a madzi) panthawi iliyonse. Whitefly amafunika kutsukidwa pamadzi ndi kumasula nthaka kuzungulira chomeracho mpaka 2 cm. Ngati njira zotere zotsutsana ndi tizirombo sizikuthandizani, gwiritsani ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Slugs ayenera kusonkhanitsidwa pamanja, ngati pali zambiri, amapanga nyambo kuchokera kumatangi ndi mowa wamdima. Zukini zingakhudzidwe ndi matenda ambiri. Pachizindikiro choyamba cha powdery mildew, chithandizo cha derali ndi njira 10 yothetsera fungicides ("Topsin", "Bayleton") iyenera kuchitidwa, ndipo ngati n'koyenera, iyenera kubwerezedwa pakatha masabata awiri.
Pamene nkhungu zakuda kapena zovunda zoyera (sclerotinia) zikuwonekera, zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndi kutenthedwa; mutatha kukolola, dera lanu ndi loyera kwambiri zotsalira zamasamba. Bacteriosis imayendetsedwa ndi mankhwala ndi Bordeaux madzi (1%).
Ndi chisamaliro chosayenera (kubzala mu nthaka yozizira, ulimi wothirira ndi madzi ozizira, kudyetsa kwambiri) zukini zingawoneke muzu zowola. Pofuna kuthetseratu, m'pofunikira kuchotsa zinthu zosasangalatsa ndikupanga mankhwala ozunguza bongo ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi mkuwa. M'nyengo yotentha yamvula, zukini nthawi zina zimakhudzidwa ndi anthracnose, yomwe imatha kuyendetsedwa ndi Bordeaux mowa (1%) kapena kufumbi ndi nthaka sulfure (15-30 g pa 10 mamita obzala).
Kusonkhanitsa ndi kusunga zukini
Chokolola choyamba cha zukini chingapezeke mkati mwa theka ndi theka kwa miyezi iwiri chitatha. Pansi pa zabwino, chomera chimodzi chingapereke zipatso 15-20. Ndi zofunika kuti muziwasonkhanitsa tsiku ndi tsiku kuti asapangidwe ndi mazira oyambirira.
Mukudziwa? Chakudya chosasangalatsa komanso chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi spaghetti. Pokonzekera, zukini ziyenera kuzungulidwa pampando wapadera wa kaloti ku Korea. Idyani masamba spaghetti mopepuka stewed mu phwetekere msuzi ngakhale yaiwisi.
Mitengo yabwino kwambiri ya zukini chakudya chili ndi makulidwe a 5-7 masentimita ndi kutalika kwa 15-20 masentimita. Zelentsi zosapsa ndi khungu lofewa ndi mbewu zing'onozing'ono. Iwo amawidwa, amawombera, amawotcha, amadya yaiwisi (mwachitsanzo, mu saladi). Zipatso zazing'ono zamasamba zakhala zachizoloŵezi zachikhalidwe pa zakudya ndi chakudya chofiira.
Kwa nthawi yaitali yosungirako zokha zakupsa zukini ndi abwino: khungu lawo ndi lovuta, ndipo ngati inu mugogoda pa izo, inu mukhoza kumva kumva kovuta. Sikofunika kuyembekezera chipatso chokwanira, chifukwa ndi msonkhano wabwino, akhoza kuphulika m'nyumba. Zukini zobiriwira zogwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji zikhoza kuthyoledwa pansi, koma mwaukhondo kudula phesi yaitali ndizofunikira kusungirako. Ngati zukini imangotengedwa, "mchira" udzayamba kuvunda ndi kuwononga zipatso zokhazokha mtsogolo. Dulani phesiyo ifunika mpeni kapena shears.
Ndikofunikira! Zucchini zowonjezereka komanso zazikulu zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonzekeretsa sikwashi. Sizowopsya ngati chipatsocho chidzakhala ndi khungu lolimba komanso mbewu zovuta.
Zipatso zazing'ono zimatha kusungidwa kutsika kwapansi kwa milungu iwiri. Kupsa zukini muzipinda zowuma ndi ozizira ndi mpweya wabwino zingasungidwe kwa miyezi isanu. Amayenera kuponyedwa mu bokosi kapena bokosi kuti zipatso zisakhudzirane, ndi kudzaza malo pakati pawo ndi udzu kapena pine sawdust. Komanso zukini zikhoza kusungidwa m'firiji m'chipinda chapansi cha masamba.
Kukula zukini kutchire sikutanthauza mtengo wapadera. Zidziwitso za agrotechnical ndi kuyesayesa kwina kudzakuthandizani kupeza zamasamba zambiri pa tebulo lanu kapena kugulitsa, chifukwa zukini ndi chikhalidwe chopindulitsa kwambiri pa bizinesi yaulimi.
