Kuti pakhale chitukuko chabwino, zomera zimasowa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zamchere zomwe zili m'nthaka, makamaka potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Iwo, pamodzi ndi nayitrogeni, amapanga maziko a zakudya za mbewu. N'zosadabwitsa kuti, pakapita nthawi, chiwerengero cha zinthu zoterezi chichepetse, choncho munthu ali ndi njira ziwiri - kukhazikitsa malo atsopano kapena kubwezeretsa kubereka kwazomwe zilipo mwa kuwonjezera zinthu zosowa.
N'zoonekeratu kuti m'dziko lamakono, njira yoyamba ndi yosayenera. Choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito mineral feteleza kunthaka (makamaka potashi ndi phosphorous, komanso nayitrogeni) ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa teknoloji yaulimi m'minda ikuluikulu ikuluikulu komanso kwa munthu aliyense wa chilimwe amene adalima masamba ndi zipatso m'munda wake.
Mchere wamchere
Monga mukudziwa, feteleza amagawidwa mu organic ndi mineral.
Ndikofunikira! Manyowa opangira thupi, monga dzina lawo limatanthawuzira, ndi zotsatira za njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zikuchitika m'zinthu zamoyo, mankhwala omwe amapangidwa ndi chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, feteleza zokhala ndi mapeyala, silt, makungwa a mtengo, utuchi, manyowa, kompositi, zitoliro za mbalame, etc. Zolemba feteleza ndizopopera mankhwala ena (mankhwala osakaniza) omwe amafunika kuti ntchito zamasamba zikhale ndi anthu omwe ali ndi mabungwe apadera. .Manyowa a feteleza, ndithudi, ali ofunikira kwambiri kuposa feteleza mchere, popeza ali otetezeka ndipo ntchito zawo zimafuna kusamala kwambiri (ndi zovuta kusokoneza nthaka ndi zinthu zina). Koma, mwatsoka, chiwerengero cha feteleza choterocho n'choperewera, chifukwa cha kupanga kwawo ndikofunikira kuti adutse mwachilengedwe china.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake zipangizo zamakono zamakono zimagwiritsira ntchito ntchito ya feteleza yamchere, ngakhale kuti kuigwiritsa ntchito kumafuna kudziwa zina mwazovomerezeka zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunthaka, komanso zokhudzana ndi nthawi yomwe ikuyenera kuchitidwa (mwachitsanzo, Manyowa amchere omwe ali ndi chlorini sakulimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito panthaka kumapeto - zingawononge zomera zomwe zabzala panthaka yotere). 
Manyowa amchere ndi osavuta komanso ovuta. Monga kunanenedwa, kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino, zomera zimasowa zinthu zingapo zofunika. Kuziphatikiza ndizofunikira, zimalandira feteleza zovuta, pomwe zosavuta zimayimira chinthu chilichonse, ndipo mlimi amapatsidwa mpata wokhala ndi ufulu wosankha nthawi ndi nthawi kuti adyetse anthu okhala pamabedi awo.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti, mosiyana ndi feteleza zokhala ndi feteleza, zomwe zikhoza kuwonjezedwa mosavuta ku dziko lapansi kuti ziwonjezeke kwambiri, kubweretsa feteleza kumatanthawuza kukhalapo kwa malingaliro ambiri pa nthaka. Choncho, m'pofunika kulingalira za mbewu zomwe zimakula komanso zomwe zimakonzedwa kuti zibzalidwe (mbeu zosiyana zimakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyana siyana), kodi mchere ndi zotani, ndi zina zotani? 
Zomwe zimayambitsa mchere zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nthaka, nthawi komanso kuchuluka kwake, makamaka malinga ndi momwe mbewu zomwe zabzalidwa panthakayi zidzakhalire, mwachitsanzo, ngati kukula kwake kudzapangidwira kupanga mtundu wobiriwira kapena kupanga mapulani akuluakulu zipatso zowutsa mudyo. Kusamala mopanda nzeru mabedi ogulitsidwa ku "mkulankhulana" wamalonda wapafupi - cholakwika chosavomerezeka!
Makamaka, feteleza phosphate-potashi (nthawizina iwo amafupikitsidwa monga PKU) ndizofunikira kuti mbeu yanu ikule. Komabe, monga momwe zilili kale, dzina la mankhwalawa ndi kusowa kwa nayitrogeni mwa iwo, komwe makamaka kumalimbikitsa kupanga mapiri a zomera.
Choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito PKU ndi njira yabwino yolumikizira kuyesa, maluwa ndi mapangidwe a zipatso za mbewu inayake, ngati mukufuna mbewu, osati chitsamba chachikulu komanso chobiriwira. Ndi feteleza ati omwe ali gulu lino, tidzamvetsa. Monga ananenera, feteleza wa phosphate-potassium akhoza kukhala zovuta (mwachitsanzo, Agrophoska ndi imodzi mwa iwo - alibe nayitrogeni, phosphorus ndi potaziyamu) komanso zosavutapamene gawo lalikulu la chinthu ndi gawo linalake. Pambuyo pake, timasakaniza malo ogulitsira phosphoric potassium, malinga ndi zomwe zili m'munda wake kapena munda wake.
Potash gulu
Potaziyamu ndi "udindo" wokhala ndi madzi mu thupi la mbeu. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito madzi omwe chikhalidwe chikhoza kutenga kuchokera ku chilengedwe. Popanda potaziyamu m'nyengo youma, zomera zimatha kuuma, kumira ndi kufa. Kuonjezerapo, potaziyamu imapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha mbewu chisamangidwe komanso kuti athe kukana tizirombo zambiri, ndipo mbewuyo imapanga zonunkhira.
Ndikofunikira! Kuwonjezera potaziyamu ndizoopsa chifukwa zimalepheretsa kulowa kwa nayitrojeni m'thupi la mbeu, komanso, malinga ndi mfundo yakuti "pali mankhwala mu supuni, poizoni mu chikho" sichikulirakulira, koma mosiyana, chimachepetsa chitetezo cha mthupi.Pali zambiri feteleza feteleza, tizingoganizira zina mwa izo. Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuganizira pakusankha ndi chlorin feteleza mu chiyambi, popeza si chinthu chabwino kwambiri pa nthaka, chimafuna kutsatira malamulo apadera pamene agwiritsidwa ntchito.
Potaziyamu chloride
Chitsanzo chosavuta ndi potaziyamu chloride. Izi ndizo zotchuka kwambiri komanso feteleza feteleza, omwe ali ndi chlorine (pafupifupi 40%). Mitengo yambiri imasokoneza kwambiri izi, kotero kabichi, nkhaka, eggplant, tomato, tsabola, nyemba, ndi mavwende, omwe amafunikira potaziyamu, amaperekedwa bwino ndi mankhwalawa popanda ndalama zina za feteleza. Pa nthawi yomweyo, sipinachi ndi udzu winawake sizomwe zili ndi chikhalidwe cha chlorophobic, choncho izi zikuwoneka bwino. 
Pansi, potaziyamu chloride imawoneka ngati ufa wofiira wofiira womwe umamwa madzi mophweka, womwe umachititsa kuti ukhale wosungunuka pamene usungidwa molakwika (monga makutu amathera m'madzi kwambiri kuposa).
Ikani potaziyamu kloride mu kugwa, ndiye kuti klorini yomwe ili mmenemo idzasambidwa kuchoka m'nthaka, ndipo pafupi ndi kasupe n'zotheka kudzala mbewu zomwe zinakonzedwa popanda mantha pa kama.
Ndikofunikira! Potaziyamu kloride imachulukitsa kwambiri acidity ya nthaka, kotero musanaigwiritse ntchito ndikofunika kudziwa pH mlingo m'deralo.Pa dothi lolemera, feteleza iyi siigwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikizapo, mulimonsemo, ponseponse ponseponse, podasiyamu ya mankhwala a piritsium sivomerezeka.
Potaziyamu sulphate
Potaziyamu sulphate, yomwe imatchedwanso potaziyamu sulphate, imakhalanso ndi madzi osungunula kristalo, koma imvi, osati pinki. Potaziyamu mu feteleza iyi ili ndi pafupifupi 50%, yomwe imapangitsa kukhala yamtengo wapatali komanso yotchuka.
Kuonjezerapo, ubwino wa fetereza woterewu umaphatikizapo mfundo yakuti:
- alibe chlorine yovulaza nthaka;
- pambali potaziyamu, imaphatikizaponso sulfure, magnesium ndi calcium, zomwe ziri zofunika kwa zomera;
- Zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa dothi lililonse;
- Alibe zoletsedwa zapadera pa nthawi yoyamba;
- Sichimayika ndipo sichimamwa madzi, kotero chikhoza kusungidwa popanda kuyang'ana njira yabwino yoyanika.
Ndikofunikira! Sulfure imapangitsa kuti asamalire moyo wa zipatso, komanso amachotsa nitrates kwa iwo, choncho potassium sulphate, mosiyana ndi kloride, ndi feteleza yabwino kwa gulu la masamba.Komabe, pali zochepa ziwiri pogwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu sulphate. Choyamba Sungathe kuphatikizidwa ndi fetereza zamchere zomwe ziri ndi laimu ndipo, kachiwiri, monga potaziyamu chloride, mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti asidi azikhala m'nthaka, choncho si abwino kwa dothi la asidi.
Potaziyamu mchere
Potaziyamu mchere (wotchedwanso potaziyamu) amatanthauza feteleza okhala ndi feteleza. Lili ndi potassium chloride ndi sylvinite kapena Kaini, momwe muli klorini yowonjezera kuposa potassium chloride.
Mukudziwa? Potaziyamu mchere umagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'migodi, ndipo ntchitoyi ndi yoopsa kwa onse omwe ali ndi minda yokha (mcherewo ndi wosalimba komanso wosasunthika, kotero kuti kusinthasintha kwa nthaka ku mafakitalewa ndi wamba), komanso kwa chilengedwe chonse. Pa nthawi ya migodi, nthawi zina gawo limodzi la potaziyamu liri ndi magawo awiri a zinyalala zosasungunuka, zomwe zikadzera pamwamba zimakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe, makamaka ngati mphepo imayamba kunyamula phulusa lija kutalika.Pokumbukira zomwe zanenedwa ponena za kuchuluka kwa chlorini mu mchere wa potaziyamu, zonse zofunika zodziŵika ponena za potassium chloride pano ziyenera kuchitidwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi chidwi chenicheni. Kugwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu mchere kumapeto kwa nyengo sikuvomerezedwa mwachigawo, mofanana ndi nyengo ya chilimwe, nyengo yokhayo yoyenera yomweyi ndi yophukira.
Potaziyamu mchere amagwiritsidwa bwino ntchito popatsa chakudya chazu, mbewu za shuga ndi zipatso, mwachibadwa, zimaperekedwera kuti overdose isapezeke.
Mwa njirayi, poyerekeza ndi potaziyamu chloride, feteleza iyi idzafuna zambiri (nthawi imodzi ndi theka). Potaziyamu mchere ukhoza kusakanizidwa ndi zina zowonjezera, koma izi ziyenera kuchitidwa nthawi yomweyo asanakhale pansi.
Phosphoric gulu
Phosphate mineral feteleza ndizofunika makamaka kuti chitukuko cha mizu chikhale chitukuko. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, chinthuchi chimapangitsa kupuma kwawo ndikudzaza thupi la mbeu ndi mphamvu (monga mukudziwa, shuga ndi gwero la mphamvu, choncho phosphorous m'nthaka imachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga mu mbewu, komanso starch mu mbatata).
Mukudziwa? Mbiri ya kutulukira kwa phosphorous ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. M'zaka theka la zana la sevente la sevente, katswiri wina wa ku Germany (dzina lake adalowa sayansi kosatha, dzina lake Brandt Henning) pakuyesanso kupeza mwala wa filosofi anayesera kudzipatula golide pakupanga mkodzo wamba. Chifukwa cha zochitika zosiyanasiyana, adatha kupeza poduwa yoyera, yowala mumdima ngati golidi, yomwe idalandiridwa pomwepo ndi asayansi achimwemwe. Wolembayo anatchula kuti anapeza phosphorous, yomwe inamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Greek amatanthauza "kunyamula kuwala." Mwamwayi, Henning, monga tikumvetsetsa, sakanatha kutembenuza ufa wonyezimira kukhala golidi, koma izi sizinalepheretse sayansi yotsutsa kuti ayambe kugulitsa katundu watsopano pamtengo wotsika kuposa mtengo wa zonyansa.Ngati chomeracho sichitha phosphorous, chimachedwa kuchepa, zipatso zipsa mochedwa. Koma kuwonjezereka kwakukulu kwa chinthu ichi ndichabechabe, chifukwa ndi koopsa kukula tsinde ndipo imachoka mofulumira kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa zokolola zamtsogolo (padzakhala zipatso zochepa ndipo zidzakhala zochepa).
Superphosphate
Superphosphate ndi ya feteleza yambiri yamchere ya gulu la phosphate. Kuwonjezera pa izi, chinthucho chiri ndi nayitrogeni ndipo, kuphatikizapo, zigawo zina zofunika kwa zomera, mwachitsanzo, sulfure, magnesium kapena calcium, chifukwa cha feterezayo imakhala ndi zotsatira zovuta pa zomera: imalimbitsa mizu, imathandiza kuchepetsa thupi, imachepetsa msanga, ndi Zothandiza pa chitetezo cha mthupi. 
Komabe, ngakhale kukhalapo kwa zinthu zina zowonjezera, potaziyamu superphosphate ndi yophweka phosphate feteleza, popeza chigawo chake chachikulu ndi phosphorous.
Mukudziwa? Mu chilengedwe, zipangizo zomwe zili ndi phosphorous zimapangidwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mafupa a nyama zakufa, koma izi sizikupezeka mu mawonekedwe ake enieni. Anachokera ku fupa chakudya pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1800 ku England kuti choyamba chomera feteleza, superphosphate, chinayamba kupangidwa. Kuti izi zitheke, ufawo unkaperekedwa ndi sulfuric acid. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mfundo imeneyi ikugwirizana ndi kupanga superphosphate padziko lonse mpaka pano.Kusagwirizana kwa superphosphate kungakhale ufa kapena granules wa mithunzi iliyonse ya imvi, mpaka yakuda. Nkhumbayi ndi yabwino kwambiri pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kukwaniritsa zotsatira zofulumira kwambiri. Thupili limasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, koma ngati mulowetsa m'nthaka mu mawonekedwe owuma, zotsatira zake zidzakhala pang'onopang'ono kapena sizidzachitika konse.
Mitengo ndi zitsamba zimachitapo kanthu molakwika kwa kukonkha kwa mpweya wakuda superphosphate. Komabe, chifukwa cha zomera zotere, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito phosphate feteleza pafupi ndi mizu, chifukwa salowerera mkati mwa nthaka.
Cholembetsani ichi feteleza chimachitika bwino m'dzinja, koma kapu ya kasupe imavomerezedwa (ndipo mlingo woyamwa umadalira nyengo - kawirikawiri pafupifupi makilogalamu 60 pa mita imodzi yonse).
Ndipo kachiwiri, monga ndi pamwambapa potash feteleza, superphosphate imatsutsana ndi dothi losavuta, popeza chigawo chachikulu cha fetereza ndi acid. Koma chifukwa cha dothi la mchenga, la mchenga ndi la podzolic, kuvala kotereku ndikomene mukufunikira. 
Ubwino wosaneneka wa superphosphate ndi chikhalidwe cha "nthawi yaitali". Mfundo ndi yakuti zomera zimatha kutenga phosphorous pokhapokha ngati feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mochuluka zingakhale zaka zingapo. Choncho, kupitirira malire kwa superphosphate si vuto lomwe woyang'anira munda akuyenera kuopa.
Double superphosphate
Double superphosphate imasiyana ndi yosavuta yomwe imapangidwa ndi zosafunika kwambiri, pamene phosphorus, yomwe zomera zimatha kuimika, imapezeka muwiri kapena katatu. Komanso doublephophophate imaphatikizapo nayitrogeni, sulfure, calcium komanso pang'onoing'ono, zinc, mkuwa, boron, molybdenum, manganese ndi chitsulo. Ubwino winanso wa double superphosphate ndi wophweka ndikuti suphimba komanso sikumangirira pamodzi. Manyowawa amagwiritsidwa bwino ntchito pa dothi lililonse komanso nyengo iliyonse, kuphatikizapo kudyetsa mbewu m'nyengo yokula.
Ndikofunikira! Pogwiritsira ntchito doublephophophate kuti imere chimanga ndi mpendadzuwa, kulumikizana mwachindunji kwa mbewu ndi feteleza ufa kapena granules kuyenera kupewa, pamene mbewu zambiri za masamba zimakhala zabwino ngakhale kusakaniza mbewu zawo musanadzale ndi granules.Mukadzala ndiwo zamasamba, komanso kubzala mbatata, ndikwanira kuwonjezera 3 g ya mankhwalawa. Kugwiritsa ntchito pamtunda umodzi - 30-40 g (ndiko kuti, feteleza amafunikira hafu kupitirira kawiri kuposa woposera superphosphate).
Mofanana ndi superphosphate yowonongeka, fetelezayi sichitha kumwazikana pamtunda - mwina amaikidwa m'manda, pafupi ndi mizu, kapena amadzipukutira m'madzi ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira. Monga potassium sulphate, Double superphosphate sizingakhale pamodzi ndi feteleza okhala ndi laimu, komanso urea (urea), chifukwa zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu amenewa zimathetsana.Phosphoric Flour
Phosphoric ufa ndi wofiira kapena wofiira wochuluka wa ufa wosiyanasiyana wopera. Ubwino wa feteleza ndikuti suli ndi keke, sizimataya katundu wake nthawi yosungirako ndipo sizowopsa kwa anthu.
Ndikofunikira! Phosphate ufa ukhoza kutchedwa feteleza wa chilengedwe, popeza, kuchotsedwa pansi, sichimawongolera china chilichonse, kupatulapo kuyeretsa wamba.
Phosphorous yomwe ili mu ufa sichimangokwanira mosavuta ndi zomera zambiri, kotero kuti feteleza yabwino ndi yabwino kwambiri. Mofanana ndi feteleza ena a phosphate, miyala ya phosphate ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pazaka zingapo, koma izi ziyenera kuchitidwa pozama kwambiri, mwinamwake phosphorous sidzapezeka pa mizu ya zomera. Mpweya uwu umakhala wosasunthika m'madzi, choncho ndi bwino kuwuyika mu mawonekedwe owuma. 
Ngati mukukonzekera kubzala chaka chosakhala ndi mizu yakuya, mukhoza kuyika bukhu lamakono pamwamba pa nthaka, ngati simukufunika kukumba. Kumbukirani kuti feteleza idzagwira ntchito pamalo ake, ndipo palibe pamwamba kapena pansi.
Monga lamulo, thanthwe la phosphate limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nthaka m'nyengo ya m'dzinja kapena kumapeto ngati feteleza. Pa mita imodzi yamtundu idzafuna kuchokera ku 100 mpaka 300 magalamu a ufa. Feteleza si oyenera kudyetsa.
Njira inanso yogwiritsira ntchito phosphate rock ndiyo kusintha manyowa kukhala kompositi (yotchedwa manyowa composting). В этом случае решаются две задачи: содержащийся в муке фосфор становится более доступным для растений, а потери азота существенно уменьшаются. В результате оба вещества используются наиболее эффективно.
Овечий, коровий, свиной, конский, кроличий навоз можно использовать для удобрения садовых и огородных культур.
Mosiyana ndi zambiri za feteleza pamwambapa, thanthwe la phosphate ndilobwino kwa dothi la asidi, lili mu nthaka yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri ndi zomera. Dothi losaloŵerera ndi mchere liyenera kukhala lochepa pang'ono pokhapokha lisanagwiritsire ntchito feteleza, mwinamwake phosphorous sichidzapasuka ndikukhala m'nthaka popanda zotsatira.
Phindu logwiritsa ntchito potash phosphate feteleza
Zovala zapamwamba za phosphorous-feteleza feteleza ndizofunikira kwa zomera zonse, kuonjezera kuwonjezeka kwa zokolola, zonse zikuluzikulu zamakhalidwe ndi zamakhalidwe abwino, komanso kukonzanso chitetezo ndi kutsutsa kwa anthu okhala m'munda wanu kapena m'munda wa ndiwo zamasamba ku matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo ndi masoka achilengedwe - + nyengo yoziziritsa ndi yozizira . Ndi yapadera kuyamikira mphesa, wofiira currant ndi rasipiberi baka, komanso strawberries ndi tomato adzachitira zimenezi kudya. 
Pa nthawi yomweyi, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza koteroko kumakhala ndi zizindikiro zake, zomwe zimayambitsa zotsatira za zomera za phosphorous ndi phosphorus.
Manyowa a phosphate amapangidwa m'chaka, ngati tikukamba za chaka, komanso kugwa, ngati tikudya zakudya zosatha. Chilichonse chiri chosavuta: Phosphorus imapindula kwambiri ndi mizu ya mbewu, choncho, zomwe zimakula panthawi imodzi zimaperekedwa bwino ndi izi musanadzalemo.
Kwa zomera zosatha, phosphorous m'nthaka idzakulolani kuti "mulowe m'nyengo yozizira" ndi mizu yolimba ndikupeza zofunika pa nyengo yonse yamtsogolo. (monga tafotokozera mobwerezabwereza, phosphorous zomera zingatengedwe kuchoka m'nthaka pang'onopang'ono komanso kwa nthawi yayitali) Kutsegula mwadzidzidzi kwa gulu la potashi kumayika maziko a chitetezo chabwino, maluwa ambiri ndi fruiting chaka chotsatira.
Kufalitsa supuni imodzi ya phosphate ndi fetashi feteleza (mwachitsanzo, potassium mchere ndi superphosphate) pa mita imodzi ya mitengo ya mitengo kwa mitengo ndi zitsamba m'dzinja zimapereka zotsatira zabwino mu kasupe. Kwa strawberries, chisakanizo cha supuni imodzi ndi theka ya supphosphate ndi supuni yosakwanira ya mchere wa potashi pa mita imodzi. 
Ndipo potaziyamu, ndi phosphorous ikhoza kukhala pansi kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo izi ndizophweka kwambiri feteleza. Zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira m'nthaka, koma ngati gawo la potassium limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati yankho, phosphorous imayikidwa mwachindunji monga ufa kapena granules.
Phunzirani momwe mungadyetse kaloti, kabichi, anyezi, tirigu wozizira, beets kuonjezera zokolola.
Manyowa a phosphate-potaziyamu ndi ofunikira mphesa, chifukwa potaziyamu, makamaka m'nthaka yochepa, imapangitsa kuti mpesa usagwire nyengo yozizira, ndipo phosphorous imathandizira kukolola kwa zipatso ndikuwapangitsa kukhala okoma. Manyowa ndi tomato amafunika m'gulu lino, ngakhale kuti amafunika phosphorous yochepa kuposa potassium. Komanso, mlingo wa potaziyamu uyenera kuchepetsedwa mukamadyetsa mbewu zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zobiriwira, popeza izi zimalimbikitsa maluwa ndi fruiting. 
Mwachidule, popanda zopangidwa ndi mchere monga potaziyamu ndi phosphorous, kupeza zokolola zabwino sizingatheke, komabe kusankha kovala pamwamba, mlingo ndi nthawi yake yoyambira kumadalira pazifukwa zambiri.
Momwe mungadziwire kusowa kwa zinthu zomwe zili m'nthaka
Pogula feteleza zovuta, mukhoza kusunga nthawi ndi khama kuti mudziwe nokha kuti mupange gawo loyenera lazigawo zanu. Komabe, pali nthawi pamene dothi liri ndi mankhwala owonjezera, ndipo kudya kwina sikungapangitse mbewu, koma kungowonongeka. Pofuna kupeŵa vutoli, nkofunika kuti muzindikire "mwa diso" chomwe chiri chonse chofunikira komanso chomwe chiribe zambiri. Zodziwika pa izi, zingawoneke zovuta, koma pakapita nthawi pang'onopang'ono pa tsambali padzakhala kokwanira kuti "zidziwitse." Choncho, ngati tikulankhula za kusowa kwa potaziyamu, zomera zowonongeka zimabzalidwa pa mchenga ndi mchenga wapamwamba, pansi pa peaty kapena m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Nthawi zambiri za vutoli zimasonyeza chikhalidwe, chomwe chiri mu gawo la kukula kwachangu. Samalani masamba: iwo amakhala osasangalatsa, otembenukira chikasu kapena amakhala ofiira ndi owuma pozungulira.
Ndikofunikira! Chizindikiro choyamba cha kusowa kwa potaziyamu m'nthaka ndi chomwe chimatchedwa kumapeto kwa masamba, makamaka achikulire (opanda potassium m'nthaka, chomera mwaumunthu "chimapereka" chinthu chosafunikira ku mphukira zazing'ono pamtengo wa anthu akuluakulu). Amadziwonekera m'magazi ofiira kapena owuma pamphepete mwa chipepalacho, ponseponse m'dera lonselo pali mitundu yofanana ndi dzimbiri.Chomeracho chikuwoneka ngati chikugwedezeka, khungu, kupotoka m'mphepete mwa masamba, mitsinje imakhala ikudutsa mkati mwa tsamba la tsamba, tsinde limakhala lochepa thupi ndi lomasuka, nthawi zambiri limayamba kuyenda pansi. Kukula kwa zomera kumachepetsa, masamba ndi maluwa zimakula bwino.
Mwatsoka Njala zowonjezereka zikuoneka mochedwa kwambiri, panthawiyi chomera chikhoza kulandira katatu katatu kusiyana ndi chizolowezi. Choncho, ndibwino kuti musadalire zizindikiro ngati izi: Monga momwe zizindikiro zazikulu ("amayang'ana") pa bolodi labasi mu galimoto zikuwunika, monga lamulo, pamene vuto lidayamba kukhala lovuta, ndipo silingakonde kubweretsa izi kutsogolo; momwe izo zimayamba kuonekera pa masamba.Phosphorous, kusowa kwake kuli kovuta kwambiri. Vuto likhoza kuchitika pa nthaka iliyonse, koma dothi lofiira limapangidwira, komanso nthaka yodetsedwa ndi sod-podzolic. Mitengo yambiri ya chitsulo ndi aluminiyamu m'nthaka imakhalanso ndi phosphorous. 
Kuwonjezera apo, kusowa kwa phosphorous kumafanana ndi kusowa kwa nayitrogeni, yomwe ndi vuto linalake m'thupi loyenera. Mitengo yaing'ono imakula bwino komanso pang'onopang'ono, mphukira yochepa, masamba, nthawi zonse amagwa. Maluwa ndi zipatso zimawoneka mochedwa. Ndipo komabe pali chizindikiro: mtundu wa pepala.
Chifukwa chopanda phosphorous, mbaleyo imakhala mdima ndipo imakhala yovuta, ndipo pamakhala zovuta kwambiri, petioles amakhala ofiira kapena wofiirira. Amasowa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa phosphorous, masamba amakhala amdima, pamene njala ya nitrojeni imawonetseredwa pa tsamba louma. Njala yochepa ya phosphorus, njala ya phosphorous imaonekera bwino m'madera akuluakulu a zomera kusiyana ndi mphukira zazing'ono. 
Kuti anthu okhala m'munda wanu ndi minda ya ndiwo zamasamba azikhala ndi thanzi labwino ndikukondweretsani ndi zipatso zokoma, musabweretse chikhalidwe chawo ku zizindikiro zapamwamba za kusowa kwa zakudya zofunikira kwambiri - potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Panthaŵi yake komanso yoyenera kufatsa feteleza, poganizira zochitika za nthaka ndi mtundu wa zomera - chinsinsi cha kukolola kwakukulu m'zaka. Ndipo mungathe kutenga izo ngakhale nyumba yanu ya kanyumba ili pafupi masentimita angapo mamita, ndipo mumabwera kumeneko kamodzi pamlungu!
