Zosangalatsa zokhudza malo okhala nsabwe za m'masamba. Kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi minda yamaluwa?

Aphid - dziko la vampire chomera. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ta phytophages, osapitirira mamita atatu, timayambitsa minda yambiri m'munda, m'munda, kutentha ndi kutentha. Amamwa madzi a zipatso kuchokera ku mitengo ya zipatso ndi zitsamba, amawononga nthambi zazing'ono, masamba, zipatso zosasintha. Zosakaniza zotsamba za aphid ndi malo oberekera kuti matenda a fungal akule bwino, amavala pores, amachititsa kuti kupuma komanso zakudya za zomera zisamakhale bwino.

Chirombo cha chilengedwe

Aphid ili ndi chilengedwe chachikulu. Mu chilengedwe cha tizilombo tingapeze:

1. Pamalo apansi: Zimakhazikika pamphukira, mphukira zazing'ono, zipatso za m'munda, mbewu zakulima ndi namsongole.
2. Mlengalenga: Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda si chifukwa chotchedwa "air plankton". Anthu achikulire akugonjetsa magawo atsopano, kufalikira kupyolera mumphepete mwa mpweya.
3. M'nthaka: gawo la tizilombo, pansi pa thunthu ku mizu ya zomera ndikuyamwitsa madzi kuchokera mwa iwo (mwatsatanetsatane za zomwe nsabwe za m'masamba zimadyera, tinauza apa). Komanso, kumapeto kwa nyundo, nyerere zimakokedwa ndi nyerere kuti zidzabzala kachiwiri kumayambiriro kwa munda ndikudyetsa zakudya zamatendawa.

Amakhala m'madera onse ozungulira nyengo komwe kuli zomera zomwe zimayamwa kuyamwa. Mwachitsanzo, malo ogawa nsabwe za m'masamba:

• Moldavia
• South of Ukraine.
• Central Asia.
• Caucasus
• Mayiko akumadzulo kwa Ulaya.
• Kumadzulo kwa mayiko a Baltic.
• Africa
• America ndi Australia.

Chiwerengero cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera zomwe zingathe kuchitika kudera linalake zimadalira kukula kwa zikhalidwe komanso kulemera kwa dziko lobiriwira.

Mkhalidwe wabwino wa nyengo kwa tizilomboti ndi kutentha kotentha komanso kuchepa. M'nyengo yozizira yamvula, chiŵerengero cha anthu chikuchepa. M'nyengo yozizira, mazira awo amafa pamene chisanu chiri pansi pa madigiri 25.

Osakondwera ndi kutentha kwa majeremusi ndi mpweya wouma. Kumadera akummwera ndi kumapiri okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, imakhala yofala kuposa m'mapululu.

Malo okongola aphid ndi malo omwe alipo adani ochepa (mwachitsanzo, azimayi), koma nyerere zambiri zimakhala. Ndi tizilombo tomwe tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda takhazikitsa symbiosis phindu limodzi.

Kodi zimachokera kuti ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani?

Kuti mumvetse kumene kumapeto kwa zomera m'munda ndi mbande m'munda wa aphid zikuwoneka, ganizirani za moyo wa phytophage. Pest cycle moyo:

1. Zimazi zimachitika pa mitengo ikuluikulu ya zomera mu dzira.
2. Mu kasupe, pamene masamba ayamba kuphulika ndi pachimake, mphutsi 0.5 mm mu kukula kumaonekera kuchokera mazira. Amayamwa kwambiri madzi kuchokera ku masamba otuluka ndi maluwa. Mbali ya mphutsi imatsikira ku mizu ya zomera.
3. Pakatha masabata awiri pali chitukuko cha akuluakulu a mitundu iwiri:
   • viviparous namwalikazi: amatha kubereka mphutsi popanda feteleza;
   • Okhazikika akazi: Ali ndi mapaipi awiri a mapiko, amabalalitsa ndi kufalikira ndi mphepo pamtunda wautali, kusuntha namsongole, zomera zamaluwa, kenako kubwerera ku chikhalidwe chawo choyambirira kachiwiri.

   Pakati pa nyengo ya chilimwe, njirayi imabwerezedwa katatu.

4. Kumayambiriro kwa autumn (September, Oktoba), mbadwo wotsatira wa akazi ndi abambo amabadwira pa chomera, omwe amamanga ndi mazira atsopano a nyengo yozizira.

Chenjerani! Pali tizilombo tambiri mpaka masika mumzu.

Podziwa kusinthika kwa nsabwe za m'masamba kuyambira kasupe mpaka autumn, tikhoza kunena molimba kuti zikuwonekera:

• Mu nthaka - Kutsika kuchokera kumtunda wapamwamba pamwamba pa chomeracho ndikugwiritsitsa ku mizu yake.
• M'munda - kukhazikika kwa kanthawi pa zomera zouma kuti abwerere ku chomera choyambirira kachiwiri.
• Mu malo obiriwira - pokhala nawo limodzi ndi nthaka yosasunthika, kapena kudutsa mumsewu wotseguka pamene muthamanga chipinda.

Kwa funso lakuti "Nchifukwa chiyani munandisudzula?" Yankho lokha ndilo kuti chitetezo cha zomera chotsutsana ndi tizilombo sizinayambe mu nthawi.

Mbali za tizilombo m'miyambo yosiyanasiyana

Ndi mitundu yanji ya tizirombozi, ndipo zomera zomwe zimapezeka nthawi zambiri zimakumana ndi munthu?

• Aphid wonyezimira wa peyala amakhala ndi katsabola. Ukulu wake ndi pafupi 2.5 mm. M'nyengo yozizira, imasunthira kuchoka ku mitengo ya peyala kupita ku munda wa ndiwo zamasamba, kumene imakhala miyezi m'nyengo ya chilimwe. M'dzinja, kubwerera ku mtengo, imayika mazira kukhala ming'alu ndikumwalira.

  Amadyetsa zomera zokometsera zosayenera kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa tizilombo, tinkangokhalira kuphuka.

  Ndikofunikira! N'zotheka kudziwa kuti mitundu yoipayi ikuwonekera m'munda ndi masamba omwe amawonongeka ndi mapeyala omwe ali ndi theka pakati pa mitsempha yamkati, ndi mawonekedwe a lalanje pakati pawo.

• Aphidi yamtengo wapatali amakhala ndi chivundikiro chakuda chakuda ndipo sichiposa 2 mm m'litali. Amaika mazira pamunsi pa impso. Mphutsi yomwe imapezeka mu May imayikidwa pansi pa masamba. Iwo ali opunduka, opotozedwa mu mtanda ndi kukula kwa mphukira zazing'ono kumatha. Tizilombo tibisala masamba oonongeka.

  Kumapeto kwa June, tizilombo tina timawulukira kumsongole (bedi la bedi), ndipo timabwerera mmbuyo. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kumaperekedwa pa minda ya zipatso za yamatcheri ndi yamatcheri.

• Mu Julayi, mpendadzuwa ukugwedezeka ndi aphid yofiira kwambiri. Thupi lake lozungulira, lalikulu kwambiri limafika mamitala atatu. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, akazi omwe amapezeka m'chilimwe amakhala ochepa komanso obiriwira. Udindo wa zomera - eni a tizilombowa amavuta miyala yambewu.

  Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa masamba ndi tsinde la mafuta oundana, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwononga zomera ndi dontho la zokolola.

• Tomato akugonjetsedwa ndi zobiriwira za pichesi nsabwe za m'masamba. Amatchedwanso - wowonjezera kutentha, omwe amasonyeza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi wamba pa greenhouses. Moyo wa anthu awa umayamba pa mitengo ya zipatso.

  Mbadwo wachiwiri wamapiko umasunthira kupita ku mabedi a tomato, kumene umapita kumbuyo kwa masamba a zomera. Zipatso za tomato, monga lamulo, sizikukhudzidwa, koma kulamulira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kungayambitse kugaya.

• Aphid wowonjezera kutentha amakhudzanso mandimu. Kusunthira anthu pazinthu zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'nyengo ya chilimwe kupita kumunda kapena kumera pa khonde. Kuwongolera kwawo kumabweretsa masamba owopsa ndikugwa masamba.
• Munda unamangidwa, monga namsongole wina, umakhala malo osakhalitsa kwa mibadwo ya chilimwe ya tizilomboti. Kupalira mbewu ndi imodzi mwa njira zothandiza zowonongera tizilombo.
• Black viburnum aphid amagunda zitsamba, okondedwa ndi ambiri wamaluwa. Mu viburnum makwinya ndi kupotoza mu mpira wa masamba aang'ono, kulepheretsa kukula kwa nthambi zatsopano ndi inflorescences. Kutopa zomera zimataya chisanu kukana.
  Thandizo Mafunde atsopano a akazi amafalitsidwa kokha ku Kalina.
• Kabichi aphid amakhudza cruciferous zomera. Amathera m'nyengo yozizira mizu ya oimira zakutchire za banja lino - thumba la abusa, omwe amakhala nawo. M'chaka amapita ku munda mbewu. Ngati miyeso yanthaŵi yake isanatengedwe, masamba onse adzakulungidwa ndi tizilombo. The kabichi akutembenukira chikasu, akuuma ndi kukhala osagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Pa maula amakhala ndi aphid, otchedwa mungu wochokera ku mungu. Thupi lake liri ndi phula loyera la sera. Kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi 2.5 mm. Mosiyana ndi achibale ake, iye samapiritsa masamba, koma amathimba kwambiri chomeracho ndi malaya a blue.

  Apricots, amondi, minga, plums ndi yamapichesi amavutika ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zimadabwitsa minda yamatabwa yamaluwa ku Russia, North Africa, Western Europe ndi North America.

Ku Mexico, pamakhala mitundu yokhayo ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe kwa zaka mazana ambiri, anthu sanangokhala ngati tizilombo, koma mosiyana - tayikeni pamtengo wapatali, pambuyo pa golidi ndi siliva. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa amatchedwa cochineal.

Amwenye a ku Mexican anapanga aphid ufakuswana pa prickly pear cactus ndikudyetsa madzi a zipatso zake zofiira. Chifukwa cha mankhwala amachimake, carminic acid inapezedwa kuchokera kuzipangizo izi. Iyi ndi imodzi mwa dye yakale kwambiri, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba mapepala olemba zikopa, komanso kudaya ma carpets ndi zovala zamasewera.

Carmine m'dziko lamakono amadziwika ngati dothi lopanda utoto wa zodzikongoletsera komanso zakudya zamakono.

Za mitundu ina ya nsabwe za m'masamba zingapezeke muzinthu izi.

Chithunzi

Pansi pa chithunzi mungathe kuona nsabwe za m'masamba pamaluwa osiyanasiyana.

Kutsiliza

Kuwonongeka kwa nsabwe za m'masamba kumabweretsa kufooka kwa zomera ndi munda wamaluwa. ndi kutayika kwa gawo lalikulu la mbewu. Izi zikhoza kupewedwa mwadongosolo komanso mwachangu kuwononga tizilombo pazigawo zonse za chitukuko chake m'madera onse.