Zosiyanasiyana udzu osati zazikulu, ndipo amafunika kukhala owerengedwera kuti awaphunzire bwino, komanso kukhazikitsa njira zothetsera iwo. Pochita ulimi, zigawo ziwiri zikuluzikulu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - agrobiological (zomwe zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri m'thupi la namsongole zimaganiziridwa: njira yodyetsera ndi kubereka, nthawi ya moyo) ndi zomera (kalasi, banja, mtundu, zomera zachitsulo). M'nkhaniyi tiphunzira mwatsatanetsatane mtundu wa namsongole.
Osati-parasitic zomera
Iyi ndi gulu laling'ono la zomera zamtchire zomwe zimapanga zinthu zakuthupi kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito pang'onopang'ono. Iwo ali ndi gawo lopangidwa bwino lamlengalenga ndi mizu. Mndandanda wa zomera zosalimba ndi udzu ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi izi: achinyamata (amodzi ndi awiri a zaka) ndi osatha.
Ndikofunikira! Kugawanitsa koteroko kumakhala kosasinthasintha, chifukwa namsongole wina amatha kukhala osatha mu zikhalidwe zina za moyo.
Achinyamata namsongole
Nthanga zazing'ono ndi zomera zomwe zimangobzala ndi mbewu, osakhala zaka ziwiri kapena kufa pambuyo poti mbeu isamangidwe. Malingana ndi nthawi ya moyo, iwo amagawidwa kukhala zaka (malinga ndi makhalidwe a moyo, namsongole wamsongole amagawidwa kukhala ephemera, masika, nyengo yozizira, ndi nyengo yachisanu) ndi zaka ziwiri (nthawi ziwiri zamasamba zimayenera kuti chitukuko chikhale chokwanira kukula, kubzala mbewu, ).
Mndandanda wa namsongole wachinyamata umaperekedwa patebulo:
| Achinyamata namsongole | |
| Zambiri | Biennial |
| Embera - zomera zokhala ndi nthawi yochepa kwambiri (miyezi 1.5-2) zingathe kubala mibadwo yambiri mu nyengo imodzi. Mmodzi wa oimira ephemeral namsongole ndi nyenyezi. Zakhazikitsidwa m'madera ochiritsidwa bwino, osungunuka. Zomwe zimayambira ndi nthambi, pafupifupi zokwawa, zimapereka mizu yambiri. Chomera chimodzi chimatha kubala kuchokera pa mbeu 15 mpaka 25,000 ndipo imabereka zipatso kawiri pachaka. | Zoona - Zomera zamsongole zimakula mozama malinga ndi momwe zimakhalira pakati pawo: M'chaka choyamba cha moyo zimangotenga zakudya zokhazokha mu mizu, mawonekedwe a rosettes ndi zimayambira, koma osati pachimake ndipo sabala chipatso, ndipo chachiwiri (pambuyo pa overwintering) - ziwalo zobala zipatso zimapangidwa ( zimayambira ndi maluwa ndi mbewu). Kubereka m'chaka choyamba cha moyo ndi mbewu, ndipo chachiwiri - vegetative. Amatha kupitirira kawiri pokhapokha atatha pachimake ndi kubereka zipatso, koma ngati mbande zimawoneka kumapeto kwa dzinja kapena kugwa ndipo palibe zakudya zokwanira mu mizu. Mtundu uwu umasimidwa ndi mitundu yotsatirayi: жев лип, дон дон, clover ya mankhwala, henbane wakuda. |
| Spring kumayambiriro - kumera kumayambiriro kwa masika ndi kumapeto kuti zitha kusonkhanitsa zomera zomwe zimalimidwa kapena nthawi yomweyo kusasitsa. Zimafalitsidwa ndi mbewu. Kukula kwa udzu kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti nthaka ndi mbewu zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri. Oimira oyambirira a kasupe ndi wamba, oats, grunta mountaineer, mbalame zam'mlengalenga, zilombo zakutchire, mary woyera, utsi wa mankhwala ndi ena. | Mwasankha - namsongole omwe angakhale ngati namsongole weniweni wabwino, komanso ngati namsongole wamsana pachaka. Zonsezi zimadalira zochitika za chilengedwe. |
| Nyengo yachedwa - namsongolewa amamera ndi kutentha kokwanira kwa nthaka, amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo mbewu zimaperekedwa pamodzi ndi kumapeto kwa kasupe kumalima mbewu, mbewu zawo zimalowa mmera. Mitengo yamsongole yamera imafalikira ndi mbewu, ndipo awo omwe amaimira amaimira shchirk, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi shchirk. | |
| Zima za mbewu - maudzuwa amafunika nthawi yopumula ndi kutentha (overwintering), popanda iwo kukula kwawo sikungatheke. Kugonjetsa kumachitika mu gawo la tillering kapena rosette. Mphukira za nyengo yozizira zimawonekera kumapeto kwa chilimwe - mu kugwa. Kukula, monga lamulo, mu mbewu zosatha ndi udzu wachisanu. Amachulukitsa okha ndi mbewu. Oimira nyengo za dzinja - broomstick, rye rye, thumba la mbusa, buluu cornflower. | |
| Zima - Zimatha kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndiyeno zimakula ngati nyengo yozizira, kapena zimamera kumayambiriro kwa masika ndikuyamba kukhala masika. Mphukira yam'madzi siimapanga masamba osungira masamba, ndipo amabala pang'ono kapena panthawi imodzimodziyo ndi mbewu za tirigu. Kumapeto kumatulutsa overwinter panthawi iliyonse ya kukula. Pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira, pangani mzere wa masamba a basal, tsinde lakukula mofulumira ndi mapeto a zamasamba oyambirira. Oyimira oimira - chamomile osapsa, larkspur munda, wamba wamba, munda wa violet, zida zonyansa. | |
Mukudziwa? Ku Japan, chomera choterechi, monga burdock, chimatengedwa ngati masamba onse ndipo chimadyedwa yaiwisi, yophika, yophika kapena yophika. Mizu ya Burdock imakhala ndi fungo lolimba la nutomoni, ndipo maluwa ake ali ofanana ndi kukoma kwa artichokes.
Namsongole Osatha
Izi ndi zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo zaka zoposa ziwiri, zimachulukitsa zonse zomera ndi mbeu, ndipo zimabala zipatso nthawi zambiri m'moyo. Mbeu ikadzera, namsongole amatha kufa pamtunda, ndipo pansi (mababu, tubers, mizu, rhizomes) zimapitirizabe kugwira ntchito. Chaka chilichonse, mphukira zatsopano zimakula kuchokera ku ziwalo zapansi, kupanga mabala, maluwa ndi mbewu. Ngati tikulankhula za njira yoberekera, namsongole osatha amagawidwa m'magulu awiri - osafalitsa bwino kapena osakula konse, komanso amafalitsa kwambiri. Anthu omwe amamanga namsongole osatha amatha kumanga munda, timbewu timene timapanga timaluwa timene timadya timaluwa timene timadya timaluwa tating'onoting'ono.
Mndandanda wa namsongole osatha ndi magulu a zamoyo ndi awa: mizu-rootstocks, rhizomatous, mizu-mizu, mafupa, tuberous ndi bulbous, follicle yamaluwa ndi zokwawa.
Muzu sprinklers namsongole ndi oopsa omwe amatha kukhala ndi mizu yolimba kwambiri, yamphamvu. Kuchokera muzu, mizu yowonjezeretsa, yomwe imakhala ndi kusintha kwazomwe zimapangidwanso, zimachokera kumtunda, makamaka zamasamba, ndipo zimakhala ndi mizu yambiri, ndipo zimakhala zochepa. Oyimira a mtundu uwu wosatha - munda wamunda, munda wofesa nthula, yaing'ono oxaloaceae, wamba wamba, wakukwawa wakuwawa.
Rhizomatous Udzu wosatha umapatsidwa ziwalo zoberekera pansi pa nthaka (rhizomes), zomwe zimapanga kwambiri, ndipo zimayikidwa mu nthaka mozama. Ma rhizomes ndi olimba kwambiri, ali ndi zakudya zowonjezera. Zimabereka makamaka chifukwa cha zomera zomwe zimapezeka pamtunda pansi pa nthaka, ndipo pamakhala zochepa. Oimirawo ndi wheatgrass, wamba wamba, coltsfoot, zaka zikwizikwi, alep mafuta.
Rodroot namsongole ndi zomera zosatha zomwe zimabzalidwa ndi mbewu ndipo zimakhala ndi mizu ya pampu. Nthawizina mizu yoonongeka ikhoza kupanga mphukira za zomera. Muzu umodzi, wokhuthala, ukukwera kwambiri m'nthaka, popanda ziphuphu, masamba ndi masamba. Mapesi amafa chaka chilichonse ndipo amatsitsimutsidwa kuchokera ku masamba omwe amaikidwa pamutu kapena pamtunda. Mitundu ya namsongole yosatha imayimiridwa ndi chowawa, dandelion, sorelo yambiri, ndi chicory.
Brushwood - Zomera zosatha zamsamba zimakhala ndi mizu yambiri komanso zimafalitsidwa ndi mbewu. Muzu wamphamvu wamphamvu. Masamba ndi zimayambira zimafa chaka chilichonse, ndipo atsopano amabadwira m'malo awo chaka chamawa. Oimira mzuzi wa brush ndi caustic buttercup ndi chomera chachikulu.
Bulbous namsongole ali ndi babu omwe amathandiza kudziunjikira zinthu zakuthupi, kuchulukitsa zomera, kusinthidwa pansi pazomwe zimayambira. Babu ili ndi tsinde lakuya, lofupikitsa-pansi pomwe pamakhala mamba wandiweyani, ndipo pakati pa babu ndi ana a impso. Woimirayo ndi ozungulira anyezi.
Tuberous namsongole - osatha ndi tubers, omwe ndi ziwalo za kufalitsa kwawo. Woimirayo ndi Chistele marsh.
Zinyama - namsongole osatha omwe ali ndi ziwalo zobiriwira zokwera pamwamba - zomwe zimakhala pakati pa duwa lamaluwa ndi zowona pansi pamtunda zomwe zimapangidwira kubzala. Mu mfundo za zimayambira pali masamba ndi masamba. Mphukira zamasamba zimapangidwa kuchokera ku masamba, omwe amapanga mizu yawo yokha. Oimira anyuchi namsongole amadzimadzi, amawomba buttercup, amawoneka ngati mabala.
Mukudziwa? Mmodzi wamsongole wambiri ndi dandelion, koma amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala (kuyeretsa chiwindi) ndikuphika (kupanga saladi, jams, vinyo, ndi mizu yake ndiyo maziko a khofi).
Parasitic zomera
Pakati pa chisinthiko, namsongole wathanzi amalephera kuthetsa mapuloteni, ndipo zakudya zawo zimachitika pokhapokha ngati munthu wothira mbewuyo ali ndi ziwalo zapadera kapena zowonongeka. Pa zimayambira za zomera zakhala zoperewera masamba-mamba (popanda chlorophyll), zomwe zimateteza mphukira zowonjezera kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko chawo. Udzu wa parasitic umafalitsidwa ndi mbewu. Mitengo ya parasitic imagawidwa muzu ndi kumayambira ndi kulemekeza mfundo yowonjezera ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Muzu
Parasitic zomera ndi nkhungu zosavuta kapena nthambi ya zimayambira, ndi zowawa masamba a bulauni. Maluwa amasonkhanitsidwa ndi khutu lophweka. Mphukira yatsopano imayamba kuchokera ku nyemba, siimangomangika pang'onopang'ono panthaka, koma imakhalabe mmenemo nthawi imeneyo mpaka imapeza mizu yofunikira ya chomera china chomwe imalowa mkati mwake ndipo imapangitsa kuphulika kwake - kukula. Posakhalitsa mapesi a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amachokera ku kukulaku, ndipo mapesi a mbewu zomwe zimalima pang'onopang'ono zimauma. Chitsanzo oimira muzu majeremusi ndi broomrape hemp ndi mpendadzuwa broomrape.
Tsinde
Izi ndi chaka ndi chaka komanso zomera zosasunthika zomwe zilibe mizu komanso masamba. Mtundu wa filamentous umangokhala wochokera ku mbewu. Pamwamba pa nthaka, amapeza chimene akusowa kudyetsa chomera chakumidzi ndikuchimangiriza mpaka kumapeto kwake. Mitengo yonse ya parasitic imakula bwino maluwa, zipatso ndi mbewu. Oimira mbande zapasititi - mbewu ya fulakesi, chakudya chamtundu, nsalu za clover ndi zina.
Mukudziwa? Mu chilengedwe, pali zoopsa kwambiri pa udzu waumunthu waumunthu. Monga ambrosia, hogweed, cychena, hemlock ndi chitsamba chowawa.
Potsirizira pake, gulu lokonzekera bwino la udzu limaperekedwa mwa mawonekedwe a tebulo:
| Zomera zamsongole | |||
| Osati-parasitic | Parasitic | ||
| Achinyamata | Osatha Muzu sprinklers Rhizomatous Rodroot Brushwood Bulbous Tuberous Zinyama | Tsinde Muzu | |
| Zambiri | Biennial | ||
| Embera Spring kumayambiriro Nyengo yachedwa Zima Zima za mbewu | Zoona Mwasankha | ||
