Strawberries mwina ndi imodzi mwa zotchuka kwambiri ndi zokondedwa zipatso za wamaluwa. Anthu ambiri angakonde kupeza zosiyanasiyana ndi zofunikira pa malo awo: zipatso zazikulu, kuthamanga kwa matenda, kusamalira mosamalitsa ndi zokolola zabwino. Pa imodzi mwa mitunduyi tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kufotokozera ndi makhalidwe a sitiroberi "Masha"
Strawberry "Masha" limakula chokwanira chitsamba mpaka 45 cm wamtali. Lili ndi lalikulu, yowutsa mudyo-masamba obiriwira pa petioles wandiweyani. Popeza amakula ndi kukula, chitsamba sichitali kwambiri. Zipatso za "Masha" ndi zazikulu kwambiri: mbewu yoyamba imabweretsa zipatso zopitirira 130 g, yotsatira ndi pafupifupi 100-110 g. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, zipatsozi zimakhala ndi zochititsa chidwi, zomwe zimafanana ndi firimu m'khola, ngakhale kuti mawonekedwe a chimanga chachiwiri adzakhala ochuluka komanso osowa. Yoyamba sitiroberi zipatso "Masha", monga momwe tafotokozera zosiyana, zikhoza kuvomerezeka, koma izi zimachitika kawirikawiri. Akakhwima, amawoneka ofiira, opanda mitsempha, minofu, yowutsa mudyo ndi zakudya zokoma. Nsonga ya sitiroberi ndi yobiriwira (zokolola zosiyanasiyana kuchokera kumunsi). Mabulosi onse amadzala ndi mbewu zoyera ndi zachikasu, ndikuwongolera pang'ono m'thupi. 
Mitundu ya mankhwala ndi mitundu
Mwamwayi, palibe chabwino mu dziko lino, ndipo sitiroberi "Masha", kupatulapo zoyenera zake, ili ndi zovuta zake. Choyamba, zovutazo zimakhala ndi mphamvu zowonetsera dzuwa (masamba ali ndi mawanga otentha), ndipo, molakwika, vutoli ndilo kukula kwa chipatso, chifukwa mabulosi akuluakulu ndi ochepa kwambiri.
Pakati pa mtheradi ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana ndi yozizira hardiness wa sitiroberi "Masha", zipatso zokolola, okoma, yowutsa mudyo, minofu zipatso ndi mkulu chitetezo cha matenda. Komanso, "Masha" imalekerera kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Komanso, ubwino umaphatikizapo kubereka mosavuta komanso chizindikiro chabwino cha rooting ya masharubu.
Kusankha wathanzi sitiroberi mbande pamene kugula
Sitiroberi wothirira masamba ndi monochromatic, yowutsa mudyo-wobiriwira ndi thambo lakuya pamwamba pa mbale. Katsamba kameneka kamakhala kofiira komanso kamene kamakhala kobiri, tsinde ndi lakuda ndi lamphamvu. Lipengali liyenera kukhala lalikulu mamita 7 mm, monga fruiting ya sitiroberi ikudalira. Mu mbande yomwe ili mu mphika, mizu imatenga malo onse a chidebecho, pamene mu zomera ndi mizere yotseguka kutalika kwake ayenera kukhala osachepera masentimita asanu ndi awiri.
Ndi bwino kugula mbewu zamtundu winawake m'minda, popeza kugula kuchokera m'manja sikungakupatseni chitsimikizo chogula ndendende mtundu umene mumafuna.
Kusankha malo a strawberries
"Masha" amafesedwa pa malo okongola, ngakhale kuti njira yaying'ono imatengedwa kuti ndi yoyenera. Malo abwino kwambiri adzakhala gawo lakumwera chakumadzulo kwa malo. Mitunda yotsetsereka ndi malo otsetsereka omwe chinyezi chimatha kukhala ndi zitsamba zowonongeka zimatsutsana. Siyeneranso kuti tithe kumwera kumwera, chifukwa Masha ali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi dzuwa, komanso, kumadera akum'mwera, chisanu chimasungunuka mofulumira, kuwonetsa tchire choopsya ku chisanu. Musanadzale strawberries, onetsetsani kuti madzi a pansi pa malo osankhidwa amakhala akuya, pafupifupi masentimita 80 kuchokera pamwamba. Froberries monga dothi losalala ndi lotayirira, koma loam ndi mchenga loam ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Wasayansi wachingelezi Patrick Holford, yemwe anaphunzira za mapangidwe a strawberries, anapanga chidwi chodziwika. Froberberries amatha kuonedwa kuti ndi aphrodisiac, popeza kuchuluka kwa nthaka kumapangidwanso pamene ikudya kumakhuza chilakolako cha kugonana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi.
Njira zokonzekera musanafike
Masabata awiri asanadzalemo, akukonzekera nthaka: amakumba, kuchotsa udzu ndi kuika 10 kg humus ndi mchenga wa 5 kg pa 1 m². Pofuna kuteteza chomera kuzilombo toyambitsa matenda, musanabzala, nthaka imathandizidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kubzala sitiroberi mbande
Kufika kumapeto kwa mwezi wa May kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa August, ndipo ndi bwino kusankha tsiku la nsomba. Kwa zomera, kukumba maenje ndi kuya kwa masentimita 20, kuyika iwo patali wa masentimita 40 kuchokera kwa mzake. Thirani theka la lita imodzi ya madzi m'chitsime chilichonse, ikani mmera kuti chimbudzi chikhale pamwamba, ndi kuwaza dothi. Pambuyo pake, amwezeretsanso madzi ndi kuika mchenga (utuchi).
Ndikofunikira! Ndibwino kuti tisiye mtunda pakati pa tchire ndi mzere, mwinamwake mitengo idzasokonezana wina ndi mzake kuti adye chakudya chabwino m'nthaka.
Kusamalira bwino - chinsinsi chokolola chabwino
Kusamalira strawberries "Masha" sikuli kovuta: kuthirira, kudyetsa, kutsegula, kupalira ndi kuyamwa ndizo zonse zomwe zomera zikufunikira.
Kuthirira, kuyanika ndi kumasula nthaka
Kuthirira timadzi tokoma timapanga m'mawa, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi kutentha. Pakati pa 1 mamita khumi adathira madzi okwanira 12 malita. Pakati pa chilimwe, malingana ndi mphepo, payenera kukhala kuchokera ku khumi ndi ziwiri mpaka khumi ndi asanu. Nkofunika kwambiri kuthirira maluwa pambuyo pa chipatso cha zipatso, chifukwa nthawiyi masamba amapanga chaka chotsatira. Pambuyo kuthirira, muyenera kumasula nthaka ndikuyeretsa namsongole, ndipo ngati mizu ya sitiroberi yayamba, ndiye kuti amayenera kuyesa. Kutentha ndi dzuwa lotentha strawberries amafunika pritenyat kuteteza ku zotentha.
Mukudziwa? Chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa manyazi za Revolution ya France ndi munthu wogwira ntchito m'khoti la Emperor Napoleon, Madame Talien, ankakonda kusamba ndi strawberries, osati popanda kulingalira kuti njira zoterozo zimathandiza kuti khungu likhale lachinyamata, losalala komanso losangalatsa.
Kudyetsa strawberries
Kupaka zovala kumakhala kofunika makamaka kwa mbewu pa nthawi yogwira kukula, mwinamwake sitiroberi "Masha" ndi nthawi ya kucha sikukondweretsa kuchuluka kwa zipatso. Pa maonekedwe a woyamba amphamvu masamba a strawberries umuna ndi yankho la nitroammofoski, pa mlingo wa 1 tbsp. supuni mpaka 10 malita a madzi. Chipatsocho chitapangidwa, chimadyetsedwa (pansi pa chitsamba) ndi chisakanizo cha ammonium nitrate ndi potaziyamu sulphate, yotengedwa mofanana (supuni 1 iliyonse). Pambuyo kucha zipatso kupanga 2 tbsp. supuni ya potaziyamu nitrate, kuchepetsedwa mu 10 malita a madzi kapena 100 g wa phulusa (pa 10 malita a madzi). Pofika m'dzinja, mu September, strawberries ali ndi feteleza ndi mankhwala "Kemira Autumn", 50 g okwanira okwanira 1 mamita ya zolima (nthaka akulima pakati pa mizere).
Kuthamanga kwa nthaka
Mutabzala zomera zazing'ono ndi kuthirira mabasi akuluakulu, m'pofunika kukulitsa nthaka ndi utuchi, zomwe zingathandize kuteteza chinyezi ndi kuteteza mizu kuwonjeza. Panthawi ya zipatso zobala zipatso, nthaka pansi pa tchire imakhala ndi mchere wouma, chifukwa zipatso zazikulu zimagwera pansi polemera kwake ndipo zimakhudzidwa ndi zowola.
Kuchiza ndi chitetezo ku matenda ndi tizirombo
Strawberry "Masha" ali ndi matenda abwino, koma nthawi zina ngati simukutsatira malamulo a chisamaliro, akhoza kukhala ndi powdery mildew ndipo amakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo. Pofuna kupewa izi, muyenera kutenga njira zina zotetezera. Choyamba, onani kasinthasintha kwa mbeu. Yabwino okonzekera strawberries ndi kaloti, adyo, parsley, radishes, nandolo, oats, lupins ndi rye.
Ndikofunikira! Simungakhoze kubzala strawberries m'deralo komwe iwo adakula mchere ndi nkhaka. Zaka zinayi zilizonse, malo a strawberries amafunika kusintha.Matenda oletsa matenda ndi awa:
- Kuyeretsa malowa kuchokera ku masamba ndi namsongole, pakukula komanso mutatha kukolola.
- Madzi okwanira, ngati chinyezi chowonjezera chimapweteka strawberries.
- Musanayambe nyengo yokolola komanso mutatha kukolola, chitani mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito madzi osakaniza (15 l) ndi Topaz (15 g), ndi kuwonjezera 30 g sopo ndi mkuwa sulphate.
- Kuchiza moyenera motsutsana ndi tizirombo: mutatha kukolola, kutsuka kaboti (3 supuni ya kukonzekera 10 malita a madzi ofunda).
Kudulira ndevu za sitiroberi
Froberberries mwamsanga ndi yaikulu imamanga masharubu omwe amakoka zakudya m'nthaka. Pofuna kuwonjezera zokolola za strawberries "Masha", kukula kwa zipatso ndikupewa matenda chifukwa cha thickening wa tchire, nthawi zonse amadula ndevu zawo.
Kukolola strawberries
Zosiyanasiyana "Masha" zimaonedwa kuti ndizochepa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti strawberries zipse kumayambiriro kwa June. Kutulutsa kawirikawiri kumakhala yunifolomu, kotero zokolola sizichedwa. Amachitidwa masana komanso nyengo yozizira, chifukwa madzi obiriwira sungasungidwe. Zipatso zimayamba kusonkhanitsa, atatha kuyembekezera masiku atatu pambuyo pofiira. Ngati kukonzekera kukukonzekera, ndibwino kuti muzichita mwamsanga. Zipatso zimasonkhanitsidwa mwamsanga mu chidebe chomwe azizisungira. Kusunga strawberries kwa kanthawi kochepa, masiku owerengeka mu firiji, kotero imayenera kukonzedwa mwamsanga.
Kukolola nyengo yozizira ngati kupanikizana, kusungidwa mu madzi, zouma ndi zouma strawberries, mwa mtundu uliwonse ndi chokoma kwambiri komanso wathanzi. Mukhozanso kuzimitsa, koma mabulosi amamwa madzi ndi kununkhira kwambiri, choncho ndi bwino kusankha njira ina pambali.
