Spirea ndi shrub ya banja la Rosaceae, ikukula m'chilengedwe chake kumapiri, pamapiri a mapiri ndi steppes. Mitundu yoposa 100 ya zomera zimadziwika, malo ogawidwawo ndi ochuluka kwambiri: pali mitundu yowonongeka kuti nyengo izizizira, pali nyengo yozizira-yolimba mbewu.
M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana za nyengo yozizira-yolimba ya spirea, kubzala ndi kusamalira chomera m'mitsinje.
Spirea: kufotokoza kwa mbewu
Mitundu yambiri imasiyana mosiyana, koma mitundu yonse imakula mofulumira. Spirea ndi mlendo wovomerezeka m'munda, chifukwa sichimadziwika bwino pa chisamaliro, sachita mantha ndi penumbra, ngakhale kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri, imatha kusintha mosavuta pokhapokha atakulungidwa, kudulira, kusadwala komanso kusokonezeka ndi tizirombo. Ambiri mwa zomera ndi nyengo yozizira-yolimba, koma palinso mitundu yamtundu wa thermophilic.
Spiraea chomera - ndi zitsamba zokongola ndi zokongola masamba ndi wandiweyani zokoma inflorescences anasonkhana kuchokera ang'onoang'ono maluwa. Malingana ndi mtunduwo, spireas amamasula masika ndi chilimwe, nthawi zina mpaka m'dzinja. Maluwa okongola akhoza kukhala oyera, pinki, osapuka pang'ono. Kutalika kwa tchire kukufika mamita oposa awiri, palinso mitundu yochepa. Zimayambira zimakhala zowonongeka, zowonongeka ndi zokwawa. Maonekedwe a korona akhoza kukhala ozungulira, pyramidal ndi mawonekedwe a chiwombankhanga. Maonekedwe a masambawa ndi oblongera, m'mphepete mwa mano, kutalika kwa masamba kuyambira masentimita awiri mpaka khumi. 
Maluwa a maluwa a spirea pa maluwa amapanga inflorescences, maonekedwe omwe amasiyana malinga ndi mitundu ya ambulera, racemose kapena chithokomiro. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono ali ndi mapiri asanu, nthawi zambiri maluwa ndi amzawo. Pambuyo maluwa atapangidwa - timapepala timene timakhala ndi mapiko a mapiko.
Kodi n'zotheka kukula spirea mu Mitsinje
Mavuto a m'mlengalenga mumzindawu ndi osiyana m'madera osiyanasiyana: kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira kumadutsa madigiri 22, kum'mwera kulibe madigiri 16. Zisonyezo za chilimwe kumpoto - + 8, za kum'mwera + madigiri 20. Kwa madera a polar a Mtsinje amadziwika ndi nthawi yaitali (mpaka miyezi eyiti) ndi nyengo yozizira, chilimwe, tsoka, lalifupi; Kum'mwerako kumatha miyezi isanu. Ngati tikulankhula za spirea, kubzala ndi kusamalira mumtsinje, ndiye kuti n'zotheka kukula pano, makamaka m'madera akum'mwera. Maluwa a Urals ndi osiyana kwambiri. Mitengo yotentha yotchedwa thermophilic monga mthunzi, beech, hornbeam, linden, mapulo, phulusa la mapiri, hazel, zonunkhira, vikoti, nsapato, currant, hemlock ikukula kumadzulo ndi kumwera. Zima-mitundu yolimba ya spirea mu Mitsinje idzayamba mizu, idzaphuka bwino ndi kuchuluka.
Ndi mitundu yanji yoyenerera kukula kwa spirea mumtsinje
Taganizirani za nyengo yozizira kwambiri-mitundu yambiri yosautsa ndi yozizira ya spirea.
Gray spirea - Kuthamanga shrub kwa mamita awiri kutalika ndi nkhwangwa zamphamvu. Pamwamba pa masambawa ndi imvi, pamtundu pansipa, mawonekedwe a masamba ndi owopsa pamapeto onse awiri. Inflorescences ndi chithokomiro, chosasunthika, maluwa oyera. Mitunduyi imamera mu May, imabala chipatso mu June. 
Choipa Vanguta - mamita awiri shrub, akuwomba korona, mamita - mamita awiri. Zimayambira zimasintha, zoonda, zikuyenda. Masambawa alibe tsitsi, kutalika kufika pa masentimita 3.5, mawonekedwe ovunda ndi serrated. Maluwa amayamba m'chaka chachitatu cha moyo, maluwawo ndi oyera, ndipo ndizodabwitsa kuti mu August kachiwiri maluwa ndi kotheka. Kuthetsa mthunzi, wolimba, kukula msanga. Amakonda mtundu uwu wa kuswana kwa spirea - cuttings. Zikuwoneka zabwino pafupi ndi mabwato, pakati pa makungwa, m'mphepete mwa maluwa akuluakulu. 
Spiraea oak - anagawidwa m'madera akum'mawa kwa Ulaya, ku Far East. Amamva bwino pamtunda wa miyala. Chitsamba chimakula mpaka mamita awiri, zimayambira zimasintha, mowang'onongeka pansi, kupanga korona ngati mawonekedwe a hemisphere. Masambawa ndi ovate-oblong, omwe ali ndi serrated, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita asanu 5. Amamera mu May ndi mtundu wokongola, nthawi ya maluwa ndi masiku 30. Ndikongoletsera kugwa: masamba amapeza mtundu wa golide. Kudulira spirea mu kugwa kumalekerera bwino ndipo kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano, zamphamvu. 
Spirea pafupifupi - okongola shrub, osiyana wobiriwira masamba, ozungulira mawonekedwe a korona. Mukhoza kumera ndi maluwa oyera omwe amapanga chithokomiro cha ma chithokomiro. Amasinthika mosavuta pambuyo pa kuziika, kufalitsidwa ndi mizu scions. Ndi osagonjetsa chisanu, samawopa mthunzi. Zipatso m'chaka chachitatu cha moyo. Pansi pa chilengedwe zimakula ku Siberia, ku Far East ndi Central Asia. 
Spirea birch wamba ku Korea, Japan, Siberia ndi Far East. Amatchulidwa kuti kufanana kwa mawonekedwe a masamba ndi birch. Mitunduyi ndi yotsika - ndi masentimita 60 okha. Masamba obiriwira amatembenukira chikasu m'chiwombankhanga, ataima pamtengowu ndi golide wonyezimira chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a korona. Chomeracho chimamera mu June, pachimake choyamba chimabwera m'chaka chachinai. Maluwa okongola a pinki amapezeka pamatenda a chithokomiro. Hardy, opanda malo okhala m'nyengo yozizira. 
Spirea billard kufalikira ku Arkhangelsk kupita ku steppes ku Central Asia ndi ku Caucasus. Mitengo iwiri ya mita ndi yaikulu, mpaka masentimita 10 masentimita. Masamba amatha kukhudza, imvi yobiriwira. Amamasula kwambiri pinki maluwa, anasonkhana mu wandiweyani pyramidal inflorescences. Maluwa ndi yaitali - kuyambira June mpaka woyamba chisanu. Sibereka chipatso, kufalitsidwa ndi cuttings. Mthunzi wabwino. 
Mukudziwa? Nkhani yoyamba yotchulidwa ndi spirea kapena meadowsweet ikupezeka ku Sadko. Iwo anayamba kukula spiraea mu 1586, mtundu wa msondodzi spirea unali kudziwika. Pambuyo pake, m'zaka za zana la XVIII, anayamba kubala pakati ndi oak spiraea, patatha zaka mazana ambiri birch spiraea anawonekera.
Zomwe zimakhazikika pansi pamtunda
Kupita ku spirea mumtsinje kumachitika popanda kusiyana kulikonse ndi malo ena akukula. Kusiyanasiyana kungakhale kofanana, chifukwa nyengo nyengo yam'masika kumadera akummwera mwachilengedwe amakhala aakulu kuposa a kumpoto. Choncho, mukamadzala mbeu mumtsinje, zizindikiro monga mpweya ndi kutentha kwa dothi ndi chinyezi zidzatsimikiziridwa.
Zosangalatsa Mu 1839 zinatheka kuthetsa acetylsalicylic acid ku chomera cha spirea. Asayansi anapeza glycoside ya salicin m'mphepete mwa chomera, chomwe, pamene chimasinthidwa ndi kusandulika mothandizidwa ndi kusintha kwa mankhwala, chimakhala aspirin.
Maganizo odzala spirea mu Urals
Spirea - wodzichepetsa shrub ndi kubzala ndi kusamalira. Bzalani mbewu mumasika kapena autumn. M'mizindayi, kubzala masika kumapangidwa pansi pa nthaka yofunda, ngati chodzala chikukhazikitsidwa nthawi ya autumn, ndiye kuti ndibwino kukwaniritsa ntchitoyi mu October.
Kusankha malo a zitsamba
Kwa spirea, muyenera kupeza malo abwino, ndiye zidzakhala zosavuta kusamalira chomera mu Mitsinje. Mitundu yambiri ya spirea imalekerera mthunzi bwino, koma mu nyengo ya Mitsinje, ndi bwino kusankha malo abwino. Kutentha ndi kuwala kumalola kuti chomera chikulire mwakhama, pachimake ndi kubereka zipatso.
Chenjerani! Taganiziraninso zapadera za kukula kwa mizu ya spirea, imapereka ana ambiri ndipo imatenga malo ambiri, kotero anthu oyandikana nawo kwambiri sagwirizana nazo. Spirea amayamba bwino ndi mkungudza, thuja ndi otsika.
Zofuna za nthaka kuti ikule spirea
Spirea imasankha dothi lachonde ndi lopanda dothi, ngati pali dothi lalikulu la dongo pa chiwembucho, "liwononge" ilo ndi masamba, tcheru, mchenga ndi peat, zomwe zimatengedwa mofanana.
Momwe mungabzalitsire zokolola, zowonongeka
Musanabzala spiraeus, yang'anani mbande. Mizu sayenera kukhala youma, mmera wabwino uli ndi mizu yokhazikika, pali masamba ndipo palibe chowonongeka. Ngati mizu yayitali kwambiri, iyenera kufupikitsidwa musanadzalemo, ngati mizu yayuma nthawi yosungirako, ikani mu ndowa ya madzi.
Phando pansi pa chomera chobzala kukuya ndi m'katikati mwa masentimita 50. Pansi pa kufunikira koyika ngalande: dongo lowonjezera, njerwa zosweka, miyala yachitsulo. Mzere wosanjikiza - osachepera 15 masentimita. Ngati zomera zingapo zidabzalidwa, mtunda wa pakati pawo ukhale pafupi ndi theka la mita. Kwa kubzala, gawo lapansi likonzekera pasadakhale, zomwe mmera udzakwaniritsidwira: nthaka, masamba ndi mchenga muzowonjezera 2: 1: 1. Chomeracho chimayikidwa pamtunda, chiwongole mizu, kuti asapota, kuwaza ndi nthaka, kusiya mizu ya mizu pamtunda. Mutabzala mutha kumwa madzi ndi kumeta.
Mbali za chisamaliro cha spiraea mumtsinje
Kusamalira zomera kumaphatikizapo kutsirira, kumasula, kukulitsa, kudyetsa komanso kudulira. Mkhalidwe wa nyengo ya Ural, zomera zimasowa madzi okwanira - kamodzi pa mwezi pali 15 malita a madzi pansi pa chitsamba, ndipo ngati chilimwe chiri chouma - kawiri. Pambuyo pa ulimi wothirira m'pofunika kumasula nthaka m'mbali mwapafupi; mizu ya mpesa iyenera kupuma. Kupeta namsongole ndi kofunika kwambiri kuti namsongole asatenge zakudya kuchokera ku spirea. Kodi mungadyetse bwanji spirea kumayambiriro kwa masika? Kwa chitukuko chabwino cha chomera chothandiza feteleza mankhwala "Kemira" (120 magalamu pa mita imodzi). Mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, amadyetsa kulowetsedwa kwa mullein, kuwonjezera pa magalamu 10 a superphosphate pa malita 10 a yankho.
Chomera sichidulidwa kuti asachotse impso. Kamodzi kowonongeka kumapangidwa, ndiye njira zowonongeka zokha. M'chaka, chotsani nsonga zachangu za nthambi. Pambuyo maluwa, tulani mawonekedwe akale osasuntha, owuma kapena oonongeka.
Kuyambira tizirombo spiraeus kuteteza ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kulowetsedwa fodya, decoction wa otentha tsabola kapena marigold. Nthawi zambiri, gwiritsani ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ndikofunikira! Kukonza kwadongosolo kumayenera kuchitidwa kumapeto kwa nyengo kuti asachepetse mbewu isanafike nyengo yozizira.
Spirea: momwe mungapulumutsire chomera m'nyengo yozizira
Spirea m'nyengo yozizira, ngakhale kuti imakhala yozizira-yolimba chomera, ndikofunika kuti pogona. Nthaka muzeng'onong'onong'onong'ono imamasulidwa bwino, kuchotsa namsongole. Palibe chifukwa chophimba chitsamba chonse, koma mizu imafunika kutenthedwa. Amagwiritsa ntchito peat kapena utuchi, womwe umatsanulidwa ndi masentimita 20, ndipo nthambi za spruce zikhoza kuikidwa pamwamba. Ndi bwino kuti insulate atsopano zomera.
Spirea n'zosavuta kukula mu Mitsinje. Chomerachi sichifuna chisamaliro chapadera, chimapirira kutentha kutsika ndipo chimamasula bwino. Kukonzekera kwa malo, spirea imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mipanda yamoyo, zitsulo zamakono, ndi zokongola pamtunda umodzi wokha komanso pakati pa zida zodzikongoletsa kwambiri.
