Pakubereka mahatchi, mfundo yofunikira ndiyo kusankha koyenera kwa anthu omwe angathe kubereka ana ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri: kuchokera ku mawonekedwe kupita kuntchito yogwira ntchito. Pachifukwa ichi, njira zosiyanasiyana zoberekera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo mahatchi okhawo ayenera kukonzekera njirayi. Momwe mungaphunzitsire ndi zofunikira kuchokera kwa mlimi kuti mukwatirane bwino ndi akavalo, tidzakuuzani tsopano.
Njira zoberekera mahatchi
Kuweta mahatchi kumachitidwa ndi alimi omwe ali payekha komanso mabungwe akuluakulu okwera mahatchi, komabe zonsezi zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zikuluzikulu ziwiri.
Njira yosasinthika
Kubereketsa kazitsamba koyera kumaphatikizapo kusankha osankhidwa pakati pa mtundu womwewo, umene umateteza kusamalira mtundu wonse wa zinyama. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pofuna kubereka mbeu zamtengo wapatali, n'cholinga chokwaniritsa makhalidwe awo. Amatsindikanso zomwe zingakhale zokhudzana ndi kuswana - kubereka ndi kusagwirizana - kutuluka.
Mahatchi akuphatikizana kwambiri amatanthauza kubereka nyama zomwe ziri pafupi kwambiri kwa wina ndi mzake: bambo ndi mwana wamkazi, mayi ndi mwana, mbale ndi mlongo. Kuyanjana ana a mchimwene kapena mchimwene ndi mbadwa za mchimwene wawo akuwoneka kuti akugwirizana kwambiri. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, kukwera kwa mare ndi stallion, zomwe ali ndi makolo ambiri, zimangoganiziridwa m "malo akutali monga kuswana kwachibale.
Komabe, kuti tipeze zotsatira zoyenera, sikokwanira kuti tipeze anthu abwino, ndikofunika kupereka zofunika zofunika kuti tidyetse ndikusunga achinyamata.
Mukudziwa? Pamene kuswana mtundu wa Arabiya ndi kukwera bwinobwino, kuyera koyera kumatchedwa kuti wangwiro.Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pakubereka kosavuta, kubereka kumeneku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Mzere ndi gulu la zinyama kuchokera ku mibadwo yochuluka yomwe imachokera kwa wobadwa wamkulu wotchuka. Onse oimira mzere ayenera kukhala ndi zofanana zofanana ndi za kunja ndi ntchito, zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri pakubereka mahatchi.
Chofunika cha kuswana kwachilendo sikuti kungotenga zinyama zokhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi mzere wosankhidwa, komanso mtsogolomu (m'mibadwo yotsatira), kukonzanso makhalidwe omwe akufunidwa ndikuyesera kuthetsa zolakwika zosafunika. Pakubereka nyama pamigwiritsidwe ntchito:
- kusankha yunifolomu - amapereka kukwatirana kwa anthu omwe ali ofanana, omwe ali a mzere womwewo ndi kukhala nawo moyo wofanana, kapena ofanana ndi oimira mzere wosiyana;
- chisankho chosiyana - Izi ndi kuphatikiza kwa oimira mizere yosiyana, yomwe imasiyanasiyana pakati pawo ndi mtundu ndi chibadwidwe. Kuphatikiza kotereku kumapangitsa kuti mzerewu ukhale ndi zida zatsopano zowonjezera, motero kuwonjezereka mphamvu ndi ntchito ya oimira.
Mukudziwa? Kusaka nyama za mares kumatenga masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi awiri, koma pali zosiyana - masiku 2-12, makamaka malinga ndi momwe kudya ndi kusunga nyama kumakhalira.
Kuphwanyaphwanya
Mosiyana ndi njira yeniyeniyo, kuphatikizana kumaphatikizapo kugwirana kwa mare ndi stallion, zomwe siziri za mtundu wofanana kapena mestizas wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikizana, kuyambitsidwa, mafakitale ndi kusakanikirana kumatchulidwa.
Kusamvana ankagwiritsa ntchito kubala ana kuchokera ku ma stallion ndi mares a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ana oterewa akutchedwa mtanda pakati.
Kutsegula kudutsa - ndiko kukwera kwa akavalo komwe kumathandiza kuti zikhale zofunikira kwambiri pamtundu wamtunduwu, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi mikhalidwe yeniyeni ya zinyama, koma kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa mahatchi komanso kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito zawo. Kawirikawiri kudutsa koyamba kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kwa mtundu umodzi wokhawokha womwe umakhala wabwino kwambiri, pambuyo pake iwo amapitiriza kusinthasintha ma hybrids akumeneko ndi ma stallions kapena mares of the breed being improved.
Industrial kudutsa Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo makhalidwe abwino a nyama zomwe sizilombo zowonongeka mwa kuwoloka mazira a mtundu umodzi ndi ma stallions ena. Anthu omwe adapeza chifukwa chowoloka samakondana, koma amagulitsidwa ngati nyama zogwira ntchito. Kubereka zoberekera pogwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza kwa nyemba pakati pawo, kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pofuna kubereka mtundu watsopano wa nyama.
Mtanda wosasintha Gwiritsani ntchito pamene pali zofunikira zonse zobereketsa kavalo pafupi ndi mtundu wabwino. Njira imeneyi imaphatikizapo kudutsa mbadwo woyamba wa zinyama ndi opanga mbeu, pambuyo pake kuchokera ku zotsatira za ana a mbadwo wotsatira omwe amasankhidwa kachiwiri ndi kuwagwirizanitsa ndi mahatchi amodzi. Izi zimachitika ndi mibadwo yonse yotsatira.
Ngati kusankha ndi kusankhidwa kumachitika molondola, ndipo kukula kwa achinyamata kukupangidwira nyengo zonse zoyenera kudya ndi kulera, ndiye kuti kuyamwa kwa mwana kuchokera ku mibadwo 3-4 imalola kupeza anthu, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti zikhale zowonjezera mtundu wa mbewu.
Kusankhidwa ndi kukonzekera mahatchi kuti azisamalira
Monga tanenera poyamba, sikokwanira kuti asankhe mahatchi awiri kuti azitha kukwatira, komabe pakufunikira kukonzekera bwino nyama kuti izi zitheke. Mwachitsanzo, alimi ena amakhulupirira molakwika kuti mahatchi asanakwane inu muyenera kuchepetsa bwino, koma kwenikweni simungathe kuchita izi, chifukwa nsomba (ngati hatchi yamphongo) ikhoza kuphimba mare, ayenera kukhala ndi thupi lokongola.
Zofunikira za Mare
Mahatchi omwe amasankhidwa kuti azisamalidwa ayenera kukhala a thanzi labwino (kufufuziridwa ndi matenda a inan, odwala, glanders, ndi conagios metritis) mokwanira odyetsedwa ndi kusinthidwa kuti akhale mndandanda wa ndende ndi kudyetsa. Choncho, osankhidwa kuti azitha kuswana nyama zowonjezereka mafuta amachulukitsa zakudya, kuti panthawi ya mating awo kuwonjezeka (koma sitiyenera kulola kunenepa kwambiri). Ogwira ntchito omwe nthawi zonse amakumana ndi katundu wolemetsa ayenera kusamutsidwa mosavuta.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti mupeze ana abwino, abambo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ali ndi zaka zinayi, ngakhale kuti polima minda yamapiri amayamba kutumizidwa kuti akwatire ali ndi zaka zitatu.Maiwo sayenera kukhala ndi zolakwika za kunja. Ndifunikanso kuti ali ndi mkaka wochuluka, koma izi zikhoza kuweruzidwa ndi kukula, ubwino ndi chitukuko cha achinyamata m'miyezi itatu yoyambirira (kuchokera ku mankhusu akale, ayenera kutenga mwezi umodzi).
Ndizomveka kuyamba kuyang'ana mareswa chifukwa cha kusaka kwa kugonana ndi kutalika kwa usana (February-April), chifukwa ichi ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha kuyamba kwa kubala.Chifukwa chakuti mwana wamwamuna wafika nthawi yayitali, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti mazirawo asakanike pakusaka koyamba pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa mbidzi yammbuyo, ngakhale kuti mwambo wamakono unatsimikiziridwa kale pamapeto.
Ndikofunikira! Kuzivala mazira kunkachitika pokhapokha kutentha.Zindikirani zimenezo Nyama ili wokonzekera kukwatirana ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- mkaziyo amanjenjemera ndi kupuma;
- pamene akuyandikira nyamayi (sizilibe kanthu kwa wogwira ntchito kapena kavalo wina), amayamba kukhala ndi chikhalidwe chotsitsimula ndikuchotsa magawo ang'onoang'ono a mkodzo;
- nyamayo ikufunitsitsa kwambiri mahatchi ena, kusonyeza chiwongoladzanja chokwanira makamaka kwa mahatchi, nthawi zonse;
- ziphuphu zowamba, ndi minofu nthawi zonse zimagwirizanitsa, kuulula pang'ono za chiberekero;
- kumayambiriro koyamba, komanso kumapeto kwa esturo, zomwe zimakhala zosaoneka bwino, zakumwa zachikasu zimayang'anitsitsa, zomwe zimakhala zamadzi ndi zowonekera poyera pakati pa kusaka.
Zofuna za stallion
Zofunikira zina za kumangiriza kavalo zimayambanso kupita ku stallion. Choncho, pofuna kukwatira, musankhe anthu amphamvu komanso olimba kwambiri omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zapamwamba (kunja). Ngati chofunika ichi chikuchitika, mare sakuyenera kukhala nyama yapamwamba. Ngati mtundu wa stallion uli woipa kwambiri kuposa wa mare, ndiye kuti pali mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi mwana wamphongo ndi zochepa zachuma.
Pofuna kufesa bwino, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma stallions omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi odziwika bwino, omwe:
- ayenera kukhala wathanzi;
- khalani ndi ana apamwamba kapena ana ololedwa ndi khalidwe.
Ndikofunikira! Asanayambe kuswana, nyama ziyenera kufufuzidwa poyang'ana mawere (scrotum, testes, prepece ndi mbolo), ndipo umuna uyenera kutengedwa kuchokera ku stallion kuti uwerenge. Kuonjezera apo, nkofunikira kusonkhanitsa zonse zomwe zingatheke ponena za chiyambi cha mahatchi, kuyesa khalidwe lake ndi kuphunzira za matenda omwe angatengedweko.
Kufotokozera njira zogwirira mahatchi
Nthawi yowatcha mahatchi ndizochitika zachilengedwe, koma nthawi zonse kusamvana kumachitika popanda kuthandizidwa ndi munthu. Pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo, kusadziwa kwa stallion), alimi ayenera kuthandiza mwamuna kuti aphimbe mare. Choncho, mwachibadwa kuti masiku ano pali njira zingapo za njirayi.
Kutsitsa buku
Kuphatikizira buku kumatchuka kwambiri popitiriza kusunga ziweto. The stallion imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira marete okonzedweratu kuti asamalidwe, pambuyo pake kukwatira kumayamba (osati kwenikweni ndi mwamuna uyu). Kuti amvetse mmene zimakhalira ndi akazi, amasandulika kukhala chipinda chosiyana, ndipo atagwira zitsulo, amabweretsa mutuwo kumutu kwake. Ngati bwanayo sadakonzekere kukwatira, amakoka makutu ake ndikuyesera kuluma kapena kukankhira mwamuna. Ngati izi sizichitika ndipo mkazi atenga malo olembera, mukhoza kupita ku bungwe la mating: mchira wa mare iyenera kukhala bandaged, ndipo ziwalo zogonana ziyenera kusambitsidwa bwino ndi madzi ofunda. Kuti pulogalamuyi ikhale yokhazikika, izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mahatchi apadera omwe angapulumutse mwamuna kuchokera ku mazira. Kuyanjana kungatheke ponseponse pabwalo la masewera komanso pamalo omasuka.
Madzi akonzekera, abambo amalowetsedwamo ndipo, monga lamulo, munthu amatha kuona momwe akavalo amachitira. Komabe, pofuna kukwaniritsa njirayi, yamphongo iyenera kukhala yazimayi mpaka kukwanira kwathunthu (mphindi ino imatsimikiziridwa ndi udindo wa mchira). Ngati simukulephera, kavalo amatsogoleredwa kwa mphindi 20-25 ndikubwereza njirayi. 
Kosechka mating
M'minda ina yapadera, mahatchi amasungidwa m'gulu la ziweto, choncho, pazochitika zoterozo, amagwiritsa ntchito njira yosamalirana. Palibe chifukwa choganizirira mozama momwe mahatchi amachitira, chifukwa atapanga mapepala 25 kuchokera ku malasita ndikuwathamangira, nkhaniyi ikhoza kudalirika ku chilengedwe. Mwamuna yekha amapeza akazi okonzekera umuna ndi okwatirana nawo. Kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi kumafikira 100%.
Kutulutsa
Kuphatikizapo njira ya kosyachny, kubereketsa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa umuna wazimayi ndi ziweto. Mlimi amasankha mazira angapo ndikuwatsogolera ku cholembera chosiyana, kenako amanyamula stallion ndikuwathamangira kwa nthawi yonseyo. Kumapeto kwa nthawi ya msinkhu, nyamayi imachotsedwa m'khola, ndipo zikazi zimatumizidwa ku gulu.
Insemination yobongoletsera
Ngati pali mares, koma palibe amuna m'nyumba, kugwiritsiridwa ntchito mwachisawawa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Kawirikawiri, njira iyi ya insemination ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi minda yaikulu ndi minda. Kuti azitsatira, abereketserako amasonkhanitsa madzi amchere kuchokera ku ma stallions, kuzifufuza ndi kuzizira, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zopangidwa mwamsanga. Veterinarian imayambitsa njere mu thupi la mare, yomwe ili ndi zipangizo zamakono. Njira iyi yopezera ana ili ndi ubwino wambiri pa chikhalidwe chokwanira:
- Mbeu imodzi yokhala ndi mtengo wapatali ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti imere feteleza (nthawi zina mpaka mitu 20, komanso m'nyengo ino, mpaka 200-300);
- Matenda onse opatsirana angabweretse;
- pali mwayi wopezera ana kuchokera ku mtengo wapatali, womwe uli patali kwambiri ndi mare.
Zomwe zimaphatikizapo mahatchi, ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza kugonana
Chiyambi cha nthawi yogonana ya mahatchi kawirikawiri imagwera pakati pa kasupe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, ngakhale izi sizikutanthauza kuti njira yobweretsera idzapambana. Pali zinthu zambiri zofunika zomwe zingathandize m'njira imodzi:
- maonekedwe a thupi la mkazi (zaka, mtundu, mafuta, etc.);
- Mavuto odyetsera ndi kusamalira mares (mosamala, libido adzalankhulidwa, ndi nthawi yeniyeni komanso kufalikira kwapamwamba);
- Ntchito yambiri pa zinyama (panthawi ya kutopa, kugonana kwa mazira kungakhale kochepa kwambiri, pokhudzana ndi msinkhu wa ukwati);
- Kusaka kwa kugonana kumatchulidwa kwambiri nyengo yabwino, makamaka m'mawa (dzuwa lachilengedwe ndi lachilengedwe lochititsa chidwi, udzu wobiriwira kumalo odyetserako ziweto ndi malo abwino otetezeka);
- Madzulo kapena kumayambiriro kwa msinkhu kumapereka zotsatira zowonjezereka, chifukwa kutsekemera kwa mazira kumapezeka nthawi zambiri usiku.
Choncho, tazindikira m'mene mahatchi amabadwira komanso zomwe zimakhudza kupambana kwa njirayi, kotero muyenera kusankha njira yabwino kwambiri yeniyeni ya zinyama.
