Mbalame zam'madzi zimakongoletsa kukongola kwawo komwe kumakhala kosavuta. Werengani zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa maluwa a gerbera omwe akuphulika ndi zomwe zikufunikira pa izi, onani pansipa.
Mafotokozedwe a botanical pa duwa
Gerberas ndi a herbaceous perennials a banja la Compositae. Monga chomera cha nyumba, gwiritsani ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi mbewu zosadulidwa - Jameson's Gerbera. Ambiri mwa zomera zakuthengo amapezeka ku Africa, ena - m'madera otentha a Asia.
Chipinda cha gerbera ndi chomera chokwanira mpaka masentimita 25. Mapesi ndi amfupi, ophimbidwa ndi mulu wofewa. Masambawa amawongolera, amagawanika, mpaka mamita 30 cm, amasonkhanitsidwa mu chingwe pafupi ndi mizu.
Maluwa okha, amawoneka ngati daisies. Zina mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana sizimapezedwa zokhazokha zokha.
Maluwa angakhale a mitundu yosiyanasiyana:
- chophweka;
- tchalitchi;
- theka-kawiri.
- mapaipi a tubular ali pakati;
- bango lokhala pamphepete.
Dera ladenguli limasiyanasiyana mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera pamasentimita awiri mpaka 23. Pamwamba pambaliyi, yomwe ili ndi zipilala zisanu, pali 5 stamens, ndipo zina zimapanga timadzi timeneti. Mu duwa pali 1 pistil, yomwe kenako imabala chipatso cha mbewu.
Mukudziwa? Dulani gerberas kusunga mwatsopano kwa masiku 20 ndi madzi ochepa chabe mumtsuko. Zokwanira kuti ziphimbe basi pansi pa vase ndi madzi.
Samalani poyamba mutagula
Kuyambira kupeza, kusamalira gerbera kuli njira ziwiri:
- kusintha;
- tumizani ku thanki latsopano.
Kusintha
Kuika sikungatheke mpaka mbewuyo isinthidwe mpaka kumalo atsopano. Zomera za zomera zimakhala zovuta kwambiri panthawi yopititsa, choncho zimatenga nthawi kubwezeretsa chuma. 
Cholinga china chokhazikika ndi kusungika kwaokha, komwe kuli kofunikira makamaka ngati pali zomera zina mnyumbamo. Pamodzi ndi nthumwi yatsopano ya zomera, mukhoza kubweretsa tizirombo ndi bowa, zomwe zingasokoneze zomera zonse zomwe zilipo.
Pafupipafupi, nthawiyi ndi masabata awiri mpaka 4 ndipo ikuphatikizapo:
- Kufufuza bwinobwino mbeu ndi nthaka pansi pa galasi lokulitsa;
- kuchoka kwa zomera kuchokera kwa ena oimira zomera.
Ndikofunikira! Kuika msangamsanga pambuyo pa kugula ndilololedwa kokha ngati chomeracho chikagulidwa mwachidziwike m'mavuto (masamba owongolera, masamba ophikira kapena nkhungu). Nthawi zina, kuchepetsa nkhawa za thupi la mbeu sizothandiza.
Kuwaza
Kuwombera mutatha kugula ndi chofunikira chokonzekera cholinga chothandizira kusintha chitetezo cha zomera. Nthaŵi zambiri, zomera zogulitsa zimabzalidwa miphika yaing'ono, pogwiritsa ntchito dothi, lomwe limakhala ndi peat ndi perlite osakaniza.
Pofuna kuwongolera maonekedwe, maluwa amamera ndi gawo lalikulu la zowonjezerapo zachitali chokhazikika (masabata 4-8). Pa nthawi yogula zakudya zonse zikutha, kotero ngati mukana chochitika ichi, duwa lidzafa mu miyezi ingapo. Kupititsa patsogolo kotereku kumaloledwa kumalo komwe gerbera imamasula ndikuyamba kukula. Ndiye kuziika kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kumapeto kwa February - oyambirira March. Kawirikawiri, kubzala kwa gerbera kumachitika kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri, ngakhale zomera zazing'ono.
Choyamba, muyenera kulingalira za poto lomwe mungasankhe pa gerbera. Phika amafunika kutengedwa osati kukula kwakukulu. Posankha ndikofunikira kuganizira pa magawo a mizu, kuwonjezera 3 masentimita. Kugwiritsa ntchito zakuthupi sikulibe kanthu. Chinthu chachikulu ndichoti thankiyo sinali yoonekera ndipo inali ndi mabowo okwanira pansi.
Video: Kujambula kwa Gerbera mutagula
Nthaka ya gerbera ili ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
- peat;
- mchenga;
- nthaka;
- sphagnum moss.
Zosakaniza zimasakanizidwa mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1: 2: 1. Monga chinthu china chothandizira chinyezi, mukhoza kuwonjezeranso ku hydrogel - 3% ya misala yonse ya nthaka. Komanso kubzala gerbera kudzafuna madzi. Pankhaniyi, zinthu zabwino - dothi lowonjezera. Zimathandiza kuyendetsa kutuluka kwa mpweya ku mizu ndikuchotsa chinyezi chowonjezera.
Pre-mphika ndi dothi ziyenera kukhala zotetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pochita izi, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotentha ya manganese (1 g / madzi okwanira 1 litre). Kuti mupewe mavuto ndi kuchotsedwa kwa zomera kuchokera mu thanki, mphindi 30 musanayambe kuziika, muyenera kuzitsuka.
Ndikofunikira! Maonekedwe a nthaka ya gerbera sayenera kuphatikizapo mankhwala omwe ali ngati manyowa ndi manyowa. Apo ayi, chiopsezo cha matenda a fungus chimawonjezeka.
Ndondomeko yothandizira pang'onopang'ono kwa kusamba kwa gerbera:
- Konzani thanki ndikuyika 1-2 masentimita a claydite pansi.
- Ikani wosanjikiza dothi 1-2 cm pamwamba pa claydite.
- Chotsani duwa pamodzi ndi nthaka yakuya kuchokera mu mphika ndikuyang'ana mkhalidwe wa mizu. Chotsani mizu youma ngati pakufunika. Ngati chipinda chadothi chikutopa kwambiri, sungani bwino pamadzi.
- Ikani chomera mu chidebe chatsopano ndikuchiyika ndi mizu yazu - iyenera kukwera 2 cm pamwamba pa nthaka pamwamba.
- Lembani mipata ndi primer ndipo musindikize pang'ono pamphuno. Palibe kusowa kwa madzi.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji gerbera panyumba mtsogolo?
Pambuyo pa kuziyika, chomeracho chiyenera kusungunuka pang'ono kwa masiku asanu kuchoka kwa dzuwa komanso kupereka zinthu zabwino kwambiri za microclimatic kuti zikhazikike mwamsanga kumalo atsopano.
Kusankha malo
Gerbera ndi wa zomera zokonda kuwala, koma salola kuwala kwa dzuwa bwino. Njira yabwino yopangira zomera - kum'mwera chakum'mawa. Malowa ayenera kutetezedwa ku pulayimale, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo aganizire kupezeka kwa gwero la mpweya wabwino. Tsiku la Gerbera liyenera kukhala maola oposa 12.
Mavuto otentha
Mankhwalawa, kupatula kuunikira kwapamwamba, amafunikanso kutentha. Kutentha kwambiri komwe zomera zimatha kukhala bwino ndi 18 ° C. Pamunsi kutentha, zomera zimayamba kuzizira ndi kufuna. Chizindikiro cha kutentha kwa gerbera ndi 20 ... + 25 ° С.
Kuthirira
Kusankha ulimi wothirira, ndi bwino kuganizira kuti chomeracho chimakhala kumadera otentha, choncho chimafuna chinyezi. Kutentha kwa madzi kwa ulimi wothirira sikuyenera kuchepa kusiyana ndi + 20 ° С. Kuthirira kumaphatikiza pamphepete mwa mphika kuti madzi asagwe pa masamba, kapena kupyola mu poto. Pansi madzi okwanira akutsanulidwa pambuyo pa theka la ora. Ndi bwino kusinthanitsa madzi okwanira pamwamba, kuti asapse madzi ochulukirapo m'nthaka zina.
Nthawi zambiri madzi amadzimadzi amatengera kutentha ndi chinyezi. Ndi kovuta kunena ndendende nthawi zingati yomwe mumayenera kuthirira madzi. Ndi bwino kuganizira za nthaka. Iyenera kukhala nthawi zonse yonyowa, koma osasandulika kukhala mathithi. Chizindikiro cha nthaka chinyezi ndi 50%. Chofunika kwambiri ndi chisonyezero cha kutentha kwa mpweya, komwe kumapezeka kupopera mbewu.
Mukudziwa? Mu mafakitale ozungulira padziko lonse a maluwa, gerbera ili pa malo asanu pa malonda pambuyo pa maluwa, tulips, carnations ndi chrysanthemums.
Kupopera mbewu
Kupopera mbewu kumapangidwira pa pepala tsiku ndi tsiku. Pambuyo potsatira ndondomekoyi, muyenera kufufuza pepala ndikuchotsa chinyezi chowonjezera kuti mutha kuvunda. Madzi a kusokoneza uku akugwiritsanso ntchito kutentha.
Kudyetsa
Monga feteleza a gerbera amagwiritsira ntchito zovuta zowonjezera mchere. Ngati pali mavuto a maluwa, amaloledwa ndi zolemba ndi potassium komanso phosphorous.
Nthawi ya zomera za gerberas ndi yosiyana ndi zomera zina. Iwo alibe nthawi yotchulidwa yopumula. Zimagwirizana ndi chitsulo cholimba. Nthawiyi imakhala pakati pa mwezi wa June ndipo imatha mpaka kumapeto kwa August. Mu nthawi ino, kuyamwa kwa nitrojeni kudzakhala kopindulitsa. Pankhani iyi, urea ikugwirizana bwino. 7 mg ya urea imasungunuka mu 1 l madzi. Kuvala izi kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kamodzi pamwezi pa 200 ml pa chitsamba. Izi zidzakhala zokwanira - kuyambika kowonjezereka kwa urea kudzakulitsa kukula kosalamulirika kwa gawo la pansi kuti liwononge maluwa. 
Chakumapeto kwa August, gerberas imayamba kuphulika. Kuyambira pano, iwo amayamba kufesa zomera. Zokwanira "Florovit." 10 ml ya madzi akuwonjezeredwa ku madzi okwanira 1 litre. Kuthirira ndi feteleza kumachitika milungu isanu ndi iwiri, kupanga 200 ml pa mbewu iliyonse. Kumapeto kwa maluwa "Florovit" sikunathetsedwe, ndikuyamba kupanga 1 nthawi pamwezi.
Kudulira
Home gerberas safuna kudulira. Pamene chomera ottsvetet, muyenera kuchotsa chingwe ndi lakuthwa mkasi. Mdulidwewu wapangidwa pafupi kwambiri ndi kotheka.
Kuswana
Poganizira kuti ndi angati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyumba, yomwe ili pafupi zaka 5-6, posakhalitsa tchire liyenera kukonzanso.
Lonjezerani gerbera kunyumba m'njira zingapo:
- timadula;
- magawano a chitsamba;
- mbewu.
Cuttings
Kudula kumachitika m'chaka cha 3 cha mbewu. Kuti akwaniritse ntchitoyi, konzekerani mphika ndi nthaka, monga mukuika. Kenaka dothi lopanda pamwamba limachotsedwa mu mphika ndi chomera kuti muwone kumene mwanayo akudutsa. Pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni, wodwala mowa, dulani mosamala phesi kuchokera ku chomera cha mayi. Mizu imamizidwa kwa mphindi 20 mu yankho la "Epin," loyeretsedwa molingana ndi malangizo, ndiyeno anabzala kudula mu gawo lapansi lonyowa.
Ndikofunikira! Oyenera kuswana cuttings ndi 3-4 masamba ndi wathunthu mizu.
Mukamabzala phesi ndibwino kuti muphimbe ndi cellophane kuti muyambe kutsanzira wowonjezera kutentha. Kwa masiku 7-10 kamodzi patsiku mumayenera kubzala, kuchotsa thumba ndi kusakaniza nthaka nthawi ndi nthawi, kuteteza kuti asawume. Pambuyo pa rooting, chisamaliro chodzala chomera chikuchitika.
Kugawa chitsamba
Kubalana pogawanitsa chitsamba kumachitika kokha m'chaka chachinayi cha moyo wa chikhalidwe panthawi yopuma. Kuti muchite izi, konzekerani zida zingapo, malingana ndi chiwerengero cha zidutswa za ana a kuthengo. Nthaka imaphatikizidwa, monga makope akuluakulu.
Onaninso momwe mungamere gerbera chipinda pawindo lanu.
Pambuyo pochotsa chomera cha mayi m'nthaka, nkofunika kuchotsa mosamala dothi ladothi ndikutsuka mizu pansi pa madzi. Ngati mizu siingathe kusiyanitsidwa pamanja, imadulidwa ndi mpeni woledzeretsa kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, kudula kuyenera kukonzedwanso ndi "Readzol" kuphatikizapo nkhuni phulusa (1: 1) ndi kudzala zomera muzitsulo zosiyanasiyana. Patatha masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu (5-7) mutengere, zomera zimasungidwa pansi pa thumba la pulasitiki, monga momwe zinalili kale. 
Mbewu
Mbeu za Gerber zimakula kwambiri. Mphukira kale pa tsiku la 7 mutatha kufesa. Zomera zomwe zimafalikira ndi mbewu zimayamba kuphuka mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pamene nthawi yobzala.
Kufesa mbewu kukonzekera kusakaniza masamba ndi mchenga mu chiwerengero cha 1: 1. Zomera zimabzalidwa mumtunda muzitsulo zambiri zamkati. Kuzama kwa kukwera - 5 mm. Mtunda wa masentimita 10 umasiyidwa pakati pa mbeu. Pamwamba pa mphika umakhala ndi poyera polyethylene ndipo imakhala pambali pamalo otentha omwe kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhala mkati mwa 25 ° C.
Kutuluka kumatulutsa tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo kumayanjanitsika ndi botolo lazitsulo ngati kuli koyenera. Ndi kutuluka kwa mbande kuchotsa pogona ndi kukonzanso mphika pazenera zowonongeka bwino. Masamba 4 enieni awonekere, ma gerberas amalowa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, poyang'ana kukula kwa mizu.
Zingatheke ndi kukula
Ngati simukutsatira malamulo a kulima kwa gerbera, mukhoza kuthandizidwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Kuti mumvetse momwe mungamupulumutsire, muyenera kumvetsa zifukwa.
Zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimachititsa kuti gerbera ikhalepo:
- Mizu yovunda - kukhumudwa ndi kuberekanso kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zikukulirakulira mwakuya. Kuika mwamsanga kukuthandizani kuthetsa vutoli. Kuti muchite izi, konzekerani gawo latsopano ndi mphika. Maluwa achotsedwa ku nthaka yakale ndi mizu yosambitsidwa. Pambuyo pake, mbali zonse zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mbeu zimachotsedwa, ndiye mankhwala amapezeka ndi "Readzole" kuphatikizapo nkhuni phulusa. Mizu yayimitsidwa pang'ono kwa maola angapo dzuwa ndi nthaka. Pambuyo masiku 7-10, kuthirira pamwamba kumaphatikizapo kuwonjezera madontho atatu a hydrogen peroxide m'madzi.
- Fusarium ndi Phytophthora - Matenda a fungal omwe amawonekera mdima pa masamba. Pachifukwa ichi, kukumbidwa mwamsanga kumachitidwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwa mbali zonse zokhudzana ndi zamoyo, kutsuka mizu ndi kutentha ndi "Somazole" ndi phulusa. Musanagwiritse ntchito gawo latsopanoli, liyenera kuperekedwa ndi 1% yothetsera Bordeaux osakaniza.
Mukudziwa? Kulandira maluwa a gerberas monga mphatso kumatanthauza kuti munthu woperekayo amakhala woona mtima mu maonekedwe ake.
Musanayambe kukonzanso zomera, amafunika kuyang'aniridwa pansi pa galasi lokulitsa kuti likhalepo.
Nthawi zambiri panyumba, gerbera imadabwa:
- whitefly - amachotsedwa mwa kutsuka masamba ndi sopo yankho, ndiye mankhwala amayamba ndi mankhwala a phulusa (supuni imodzi pa atatu malita a madzi);
- chitetezo - Polimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda izi zidzathandiza katatu kukonza "Fitoverm" malinga ndi malangizo a zomera za nyumba ndi masiku 14;
- aphid - kuchotsedwa mofanana ndi whitefly.
Kodi n'zotheka kuika pamalo otseguka
Bwezerani malo otsekemera a nyumba pakhomo sikoyenera. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mitundu yambiri yopanga kulima kunyumba ndi yochepa kwambiri ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga zomwe zikupita patsogolo. Kuonjezera apo, zolembera zoonjezera sizipindula ndi gerberas.
Gerberas ya kunyumba yokhala ndi chisamaliro choyenera kwa miyezi itatu pachaka. Pangani malo oyenerera m'nyumba kuti mutenge bwino zomera.
