Zonse zokhudza Begonia ya Bolivia: zomwe zimabzala ndikukula maluwa kunyumba ndi pa tsamba

Begonias ndi zokongoletsera zazenera zathu ndi zipinda zathu. Banja la Begonia liri ndi mitundu yoposa 1000 ndi theka. Begonia wa Bolivia ndi wochititsa chidwi komanso wovomerezeka wa banja. Chomera chokongola kwambiri chiyenera kulandira malo osonkhanitsira chipinda chokonda zomera. M'nkhaniyi, tikuphunzira za kufotokozera ndi mbiri ya begonia ya Bolivia, mitundu yake ndi kubzala, zofunika kwa nthaka ndi chisamaliro, tizirombo tomwe timayambira ku begonia ndi malangizo othandizira tizilombo, komanso kukula kwa mbewu.

Malongosoledwe a botaniki ndi mbiriyakale

Mitengo ya begonia ndi ya maluwa, zomera zowonongeka. Zitsamba, shrub, shrub, osatha, pachaka - zonse za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya begonias. Begonias abereke limodzi ndi masamba ndi tubers, ndipo ndi cuttings ndi mbewu zomwe zimapsa mu zipatso mabokosi. Kuti mudziwe momwe mungapangire tuberous begonia ndi cuttings, werengani nkhani zathu.

Kunja kwa begonias zakutchire - nkhalango zam'mapiri ku Africa, Southeast Asia ndi Central ndi South America. Otsatira anabwera ndi zomera zosowa ku Ulaya m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu. Begonias mwamsanga anapambana chikondi cha osonkhanitsa.

Mndandandanda wa begonias ukukula pazenera zowoneka ku Ulaya unasinthidwa ndi mitundu yatsopano ndi mitundu. The zomera sanali kokha maonekedwe, komanso wodzichepetsa. Begonia Bolivia begonia imafesa kumapiri kummawa kwa Andes. Izi ndizomwe zimachitika pachaka. Ili ndi mawonekedwe okongola: opangidwa ndi mphukira ndi masamba oblong. Pakati pa maluwa, zimakondweretsa diso ndi madzi ambiri aang'ono, owala, okongola maluwa, anasonkhana ang'onoang'ono inflorescences.

Zosiyanasiyana ndi zithunzi

Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya hybrid Bolivia begonia - "Copacabana" ndi "Santa Cruz". Zonsezi zikuchulukana ndi mbewu, zimakula msinkhu kufika 30-35 sentimita. Ndiye pali kukula kwakukulu kwa mphukira. Chifukwa cha ichi, begonia imapanga mawonekedwe a ampel kapena flowerbed (carpet) (mungathe kuphunzira za mbeu amorphous begonia ndi momwe zingakulire pano, ndipo apa tawuza momwe tingabzalidwe chomera chokongoletsera ndikuchiyang'anira kunyumba ndi kumunda). M'munsimu muli mafotokozedwe a mitundu iyi ndi zithunzi.

Copacabana

Maluwa ali mulu waukulu wa maluwa a orange. Imaikidwa ngati chomera chomwe sichimatha kuzimitsa zonse ndi nyengo yamvula, komanso kuwonetsetsa dzuwa.

Santa cruz

Pakati pa maluwa okongola maluwa a maluwa ofiira a lalanje. Komanso wodzichepetsa ku zikhalidwe, monga copacabana. Ikhoza kukula bwino ndi kuphulika pang'onopang'ono mthunzi komanso dzuwa lowala.

Kodi ndikuti ndiziti?

Belize ya Bolivia ndi zomera zonse. Mbalame ya Bolivia imayenera mabala a maluwa akunja, kumunda kwa zipinda zam'madzi, komanso pazenera zanyumba (za momwe mungamere tuberous begonia, komanso za malamulo ofunika kusamalira, mungapeze apa). Zomwe zimabwera pakhomo pakhomo ndi kumunda. Mabedi a maluwa ndi alpine amawotchera kuti begonia ikhoze kuphimba dera lonselo mu bwalo ndi mphukira zake (kutalika kwake ndi 80 cm). Miphika yamaluwa yokhala ndi begonias ndi miphika ikhoza kuikidwa pa khoma la nyumbayo, ndi pakhomo, peranda kapena pabwalo la nyumbayo.

Zosowa za nthaka

Malo ogulitsira Mauwa amagulitsa malo apadera a begonia. Kwa kulima kwanyumba ndi kumalo, ndiko kwangwiro. Ndi zophweka ndikukonzekera nthaka. Mitengo ya tuberous, yosakaniza ndi yabwino: magawo awiri a nthaka yothira pansi pamtengo waukulu kwambiri - gawo limodzi la mchenga wa mtsinje - gawo limodzi la nthaka ya sod.

Ngati begonias akugwera pansi, pogona pabedi, ndiye Njira yabwino yopangira zomera ndi yowonjezera, nthaka yosasuka. Ngati nthaka siikutayika - mungathe kuwonjezera mchenga, kuyisakaniza ndi masamba humus, peat. Nthaka iyenera kukhala mpweya permeable.

Kodi mungasamalire bwanji?

Belize Bolivia - chomera chodzichepetsa. Kumbukirani malamulo angapo kuti mumusamalire, ndipo adzamva bwino.

• Mphika wa maluwa ukhoza kukhala wamtundu uliwonse (suli ndi gawo la zomera za tuberous). Ndikofunikira kusankha mphamvu yomwe si yozama kwambiri, koma yayikulu.
• Kuthirira kumachitika ndi madzi kutentha kutentha (madzi ozizira kwambiri - osati abwino!). Mukhoza kuthira kawiri kapena katatu pamlungu. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti madzi sagwera pa masamba. Pamene begonia ikuphuka, mumatha kumwa madzi ambiri. Musati "mudzaze" duwa, ladzala ndi matenda ake. Pakuyenera kukhala madzi abwino mumphika.
• Chonde dziwani kuti mu nyengo yozizira ndi yozizira, begonias amafunika kuti azidonthezedwa. Ndibwino kuti mupange kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Sitiyenera kutsukidwa pa masamba okha, ndibwino kuti tinyamule mpweya kuzungulira zomera ndi botolo la kutsitsi.
• Kulimbikitsa wochuluka ndi yaitali maluwa akhoza kudyetsedwa. Zokwanira kupanga fetereza fetereza kamodzi pamwezi.
• Ngakhale kuti begonia ya Bolivia imatchedwa mitundu yosagwirizana ndi dzuwa, ndibwino kuti ipulumutse ku dzuwa. Kuwala uku kuyenera kukhala kokwanira. Nthawi zina ndi bwino kuti priten chomeracho pang'ono.

Mukhoza kudziwa za malamulo a tuberous begonia, komanso zovuta kuzibzala kunyumba ndi kumunda, ndipo apa talemba za momwe tingasamalirire chomera m'nyengo yozizira.

Matenda wamba ndi tizirombo

• Chinyezi chokwanira cha begonia chiri chowononga.

  Ngati mphika uli wambiri wa chinyezi - chomera chikhoza kuvunda, masamba ake ndi masamba adzayamba kutembenuka wakuda. Ndikofunika mwamsanga kuchotsa mbali zonse zakuda, kuyambitsa begonia ndi antitifungal wothandizira - fungicide. Ndi bwino kusinthanitsa dothi lokhala pamwamba ndikukhala louma.

• Bowa amatha kupezeka mu nthaka.

  Ambiri ndi ovunda. Zikuwoneka ngati imvi pachimake pa masamba ndi mucous pa masamba.

  Njira yovuta: kupopera begonia ndi njira yothetsera sulfate ndi sopo yophika (mu madzi imodzi timasakaniza magalamu awiri a vitriol ndi magawo makumi awiri a sopo).

• Kuwonekera kwa powdery mildew kumagwirizananso ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Masamba aphimbidwa ndi zida zoyera.

  Thandizo! Choyamba "chithandizo" chochokera ku powdery mildew: chitani yankho la sopo yotsuka ndi kupukuta mosamala masamba.

• Ngati masamba akugwa, izi ndi umboni wa mbewu zikufalikira ndi / kapena mpweya wouma kwambiri.

  Zochitazo n'zosavuta: kuchepetsa kuthirira ndi kupopera kawirikawiri.

• Ngati masamba akuuma ndi kutembenukira chikasu, pali njira ziwiri zomwe zingatheke.

  Mwina begonia ndi "madzi osefukira" kapena, mosiyana ndi nthaka, nthaka yayuma kwambiri. Zimayenera kuwongolera vutoli. Zingakhale zopindulitsa kudyetsa begonia: Zakudya zosakwanira ndi kukula.

• Kutentha kulikonse pa masamba? Nthawi yokonzekera chomera kapena kusamutsira pazenera zowonongeka.

Za chifukwa chake tuberous begonia sichimasintha ndi choti tichite, komanso za matenda, tizilombo toononga komanso njira zolimbana nazo, werengani pano.

Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu

Begonia la Bolivia - maluwa pachaka. Yakula kuchokera ku mbewu, mbande zimabzalidwa poyera.

1. Mbewu yofesedwa kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira - kumayambiriro kwa masika.
2. Mbewu (mu granules) imayikidwa pamwamba pa nthaka yonyowa yonyowa. Mutha kuyika mchenga wa calcined pamwamba pa nthaka ndikuyikirapo.
3. Fukuzani mbewu nthawi zonse ndi utsi kuti muteteze.
4. Kuti muphuke, muyenera kupanga "wowonjezera kutentha" kwa iwo - onetsetsani kuti ali ndi magetsi (galasi, filimu ya pulasitiki, pulasitiki) ndi kuwaika pamalo otentha kwambiri. Tsiku ndi tsiku mutsegule "wowonjezera kutentha" kwa kanthawi kochepa, tulutsani mbewuyo pofunika.
5. Pambuyo masiku 13-15 mutha kuyembekezera kutuluka kwa mphukira. Dothi la izi liyenera kutentha kutsika kuposa 2020 Celsius.
6. Mbande akulimbikitsidwa kuti akasendeza pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa timapepala. Mbande zimayikidwa mu kaseti ndi nthaka 3 cm yakuya, kutentha kumayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi 2-4 madigiri.
7. Kukula kwa mbande kudzafunika kuikidwa kachiwiri: mu thanki pafupifupi masentimita asanu ndi awiri kuya (kuchepetsa kutentha kufika madigiri 15 Celsius).
8. Lonjezerani tsiku lowala kwa mbande zabwino ndi kuthandizidwa ndi nyali yapadera.
9. Kumalo otseguka, mbande "zimasunthidwa" pambuyo pa kutentha kozizira ndipo palibe pangozi yozizira. Mukhozanso kutulutsa zomera zowonjezera pabwalo kapena pabwalo.

Begonia ya Bolivia - chomera chosangalatsa komanso chosavuta. Potsatira malangizo ophweka, mukhoza kulikula pakhomo kapena pa webusaitiyi ndi kusangalala ndi kukongola m'chilimwe.