Zizindikiro ndi mbali za kulima chitumbuwa "Turgenevka"

M'mayunivesite osiyanasiyana a wamaluwa, chitumbuwa "Turgenevskaya" chimayamika malo, makamaka, pokambirana za mitundu: iwo amajambula zithunzi za mitengo yawo, ndipo amasiya ndemanga zambiri ndi ndondomeko zowonjezera zipatso zowutsa mudyo. Tidzakambirananso momwe tingamerekere chitumbuwa chotere m'munda wathu.

Cherry "Turgenevka": kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana

Mitundu ya chitumbuwa "Turgenevka" inayamba mu 1979 chifukwa cha zaka zingapo za ntchito ya obereketsa ndipo patapita zaka zingapo idakhala yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu a ku chilimwe ndi alimi. Mtengowo umakula mpaka mamita 3 mamita ndi korona wowongoka bwino, nthambi zapakatikati, molunjika, makungwa a thunthu ndi nthambi ndi zofiirira. Masamba ndi obiriwira, oblong, ndi mapeto otsetsereka komanso mapeto ake. Cherry maluwa mkatikati mwa mwezi wa May ndi inflorescences anayi maluwa oyera, ndi zipatso zipse mkatikati mwa mwezi wa July. Zipatso za chitumbuwa cha Turgenevka ndizofotokozera zotsatirazi: zipatsozo ndi zazikulu komanso zamadzimadzi, kulemera kwake kuli 5-6 g, kukula kwake kuli pafupifupi 20 mm. Mwalawu umatenga gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a mabulosi ndipo amasiyanitsa mosavuta. Mu Turgenevka chitumbuwa, zipatso zimapsa pafupifupi nthawi imodzi, kukoma kwawo kumakhala kokoma ndi kowawa ndi nthawi yayitali yam'tsogolo ndi yamununkhira wokoma. Zipatso zamakiti zili ndi mavitamini B1, B6, C. Komanso, zili ndi zinthu monga iron, magnesium, cobalt, coumarin ndi anthocyanin.

Kudya zipatso za "Turgenevka" kumathandiza kuchepetsa magazi clotting ndi kulimbitsa mtima minofu. Kudya yamatcheri zipatso "Turgenev" ndibwino kupewa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Zipatso ndizokoma mukamadya mwatsopano, kuphika ndi kusungidwa, zoyenera kuzizira. Kuonjezera apo, zokolola za "Turgenevka" ndi zapamwamba, ndipo zipatso zake zimalola kulephera.

Mbali za kulima chitumbuwa "Turgenevka": kusankha malo

Cherry "Turgenevka" sichikufunikanso kuti mubzala ndi kusamalira, koma pali zina. Sapling siyikulimbikitsidwa kuti idzabzalidwe kumalo otsika, komanso polemba. Chomera sichitha, koma kuti mukolole bwino ndibwino kumupatsa chiwembu cha dzuwa. Malo abwino kwambiri adzakhala malo a kum'mwera chakumadzulo, kumadzulo kapena kumwera, chifukwa chinyezi chochulukira sichidzatha m'nthaka, ndipo misala yozizira imadutsa pamtengo.

Ndikofunikira! Pakuti chodzala yamatcheri, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito sapling pachaka; ngati ali ndi zaka zoposa ziwiri, akhoza kumera mizu ndikudwala.

Mkhalidwe wa chikhalidwe cha kukolola kwa yamatcheri

Cherry "Turgenev" amatha kupirira kutentha kutentha m'nyengo yozizira, kulekerera chisanu ndi icing. Zomerazi zimamera pafupifupi nyengo iliyonse ya m'deralo, yomwe imatha kupirira madigiri 30-33 a chisanu, pokhapokha ngati palibe chiwombankhanga chobwerezabwereza.

Kodi nthaka amakonda cherry "Turgenevka"

Malo omwe mtengo udzakula ayenera kukhala osatenga, makamaka mchenga wamchenga. Mukamabzala mitundu yamatcheri "Turgenevka" muyenera kupeŵa nthaka yamchere ndi yothira pansi, yomwe idzawononge chitukuko cha mbeu ndi zokolola zake kumapeto. Kutsika kwa madzi pansi sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa masentimita 150 kuchokera pamwamba pa dziko lapansi. Mukamadzala mbande dongo ayenera kusakanizidwa ndi mchenga.

Kuti mbeuyo ikhale bwino, mukhoza kupanga zakudya zosakaniza ndi kuchepetsa nthaka yomwe mtengo udzakula. Kuti muchite izi, mukufunikira makilogalamu 5 a humus, 200 g wa phulusa, 100 g wa superphosphate ndi 30 g wa fetereza.

Mukudziwa? Mtengo umodzi wa chitumbuwa "Turgenevki" ukhoza kupunduka mpaka makilogalamu 25 a zipatso.

Kubzala "Turgenev" chitumbuwa

Kubzala yamatcheri "Turgenev" amapangidwa kumapeto kwa impso, kutengera bwino malo atsopano komanso kukula kwa mtengo. Ngati mukufuna, mbande ingabzalidwe mu kugwa, pomwepo chitumbuwa chidzasinthidwa bwino ndi nyengo ya kukula kwake. Pakuti "Turgenevka" kukumba dzenje kuya akuya theka la mita ndi awiri a 0.5-0.7 mamita, ndi bwino kukumba dzenje kwa masiku 7-20 pamaso ikamatera, kuti dziko lapansi ali ndi nthawi kuthetsa. Ngati chitumbuwa chikukula pakati pa mitengo ina, mtunda wopita kufupi ndi tsinde uyenera kukhala mamita awiri.

Mbewuyo imakonzedwa mwamsanga kwa maola 3-4 m'madzi, kuti mizu ikhale yodzaza chinyezi, chitsime chimadzazidwa ndi zakudya zosakaniza zomwe zafotokozedwa kale, mmerawo umayikidwa ndipo mzuwo umatsanulidwa mosakaniza ndi chisakanizo popanda kutulukira mizu. Mchenga wa chitumbuwa umakumbidwa mozunguliridwa ndi woyandikana nawo, watsanulira chidebe cha madzi ofunda ndi chinyontho cha nthaka pamtengo ndi peat. Pambuyo pake, nyembayo imamangirizidwa ku khola lopangira mitengo.

Kodi kusamalira chitumbuwa mitundu "Turgenevka"

Kusamalira "Turgenev" pamene kulima sikovuta komanso ngakhale wolima munda. Kwa nyengo yozizira, ndi bwino kuphimba mtengo, motero kuchepetsa mwayi wa chisanu ndi kutentha kwadzidzidzi ku kutentha kwa mpweya, ndikupukuta mchere ndi utuchi kapena peat.

Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa zomera

Mutabzala, chitumbuwacho chimathirira pafupifupi tsiku lililonse, monga dothi limauma, koma ndi kofunika kupewa kupezeka kwambiri ndi chinyezi. Kuthirira kumapangidwira mkati mwazitali zozungulira, dzenje lomwelo ndipo limamera ndi feteleza mchere kamodzi pachaka, m'chaka. Pambuyo pa chitumbuwa chimayamba kubala chipatso, feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito mutatha kukolola m'chilimwe. Manyowa omwe ali ndi nkhuku (nkhuku kapena ndowe) amagwiritsidwa ntchito zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu pazigawo ziwiri: nthawi yoyamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito chitumbuwa chitatha, ndipo nthawi yachiwiri pa fruiting pakati pa chilimwe. Pa kucha kwa chipatso, yamatcheri amafuna zambiri wothirira madzi.

Ndikofunikira! Poletsa matenda a fungal wa chitumbuwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mmera kumayambiriro kasupe, musanayambe Mphukira.

Kusamalira dothi

Pambuyo kuthirira, dothi limauma ndipo limaphimbidwa ndi kutumphuka kouma, liyenera kumasulidwa mosamalitsa kwa kuya kwa masentimita 7 mpaka 10 kuti mpweya uzifike ku mizu ya mtengo. Namsongole ayenera kuchotsedwa pambuyo poonekera. Komanso dulani mizu ya chitumbuwa, yomwe idzafooketsa mtengowo, mutenge madzi.

Momwe angakhalire korona wa Turgenev chitumbuwa

Kwa chitukuko chabwino chomera ndi apamwamba kwambiri fruiting, kudulira n'kofunika kupanga korona wa yamatcheri ndi kudula nthambi zowuma. Kudulira kungakhoze kuchitidwa pa mtengo wowirira kumayambiriro kwa masika. M'malo mwa odulidwa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito munda wa var pofuna kuchiritsa mwamsanga kwa mtengo. Kudulira pamaso pa fruiting kumayambira, kumapanga korona wa chitumbuwa, ndipo pambuyo pakuwoneka kwa zipatso zoyamba, kumachita ntchito zaukhondo. Ndibwino kudula nthambi zomwe zimamera zimakula kutalika theka la mita, komanso nthambi zomwe zimakula pamtunda wocheperapo mamita 0,4 kuchokera pansi. Pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira yoyamba ya sapling, imadulidwa ku nthambi zisanu zazikulu zolimba zomwe zimayendetsedwa mosiyana ndi thunthu. Patapita nthawi, korona wa yamatcheri ndi mawonekedwe, kupewa thickening wa nthambi, komanso kuchotsa nthambi kukula mkulu. Nthambi ndi zowuma ziyenera kudulidwa monga zidziwika. Kufupikitsa mphukira za chaka chimodzi kumafunika kukula kwa nthambi. Fruiting chitumbuwa rejuvenate, kudula mbali nthambi, potero stimulating kukula kwa achinyamata mphukira. Ngati ndi kotheka, kudulira kumachitika mu kugwa mpaka chisanu, kuchotsa matenda ndi owuma mphukira ndi zoonda kunja kwa nthambi za korona.

Mukudziwa? Mbalame yamkokoto ya Japan - Sakura - ndizomwe zimakhala zokolola zabwino za mpunga.

Matenda ndi tizirombo "Turgenevki"

Ambiri matenda a chitumbuwa "Turgenevka":

• Kokkomikoz - kugonjetsedwa ndi nkhungu, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, malo abwino kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha matendawa - mpweya wofunda wouma kwa nthawi yaitali. Matendawa amawonekera m'chilimwe monga chikasu ndi redness wa masamba, patapita nthawi masamba amawombedwa ndi mdima, amauma ndi kuthawa, mwinamwake skeletonization tsamba. Spores ya bowa overwinter kuwonongeka kwa makungwa, pansi ndi kubzala zinyalala, pa masamba ndi zipatso zomwe sizinagwe. Kuchotsa coccomycosis kungatheke pochiza nkhuni ndi Bordeaux kusakaniza, kugwa kwa masamba otumbululuka kuyenera kuwonongedwa.
• Klesterosporiosis ndi matenda a fungal omwe amapezeka pamapazi ndi mabala a bulauni; patadutsa masabata 2-3, masamba omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amatha; Madera a bulauni amakhudzidwa ndi chipatso, chomwe chimakhala chofooka ndi kuuma. Makungwa amabasuka, chingamu chimayima. Mbali zowonongeka za zomera zimadulidwa ndi kutentha, makungwa opunduka ndi malo ochotsera malo omwe amachotsedwa amatengera munda wamaluwa, mtengo umatulutsidwa ndi "Topsin" kapena "Early".
• Moniliasis ndi matenda a fungal omwe amakhudza inflorescences, ngati osatulutsidwa, nthambi za yamatcheri zimayanika, masamba, makungwa ndi zipatso zimaphimbidwa ndi imvi, nthambi zimatha, ndipo chifukwa chake mtengo umafa. N'zotheka kuchotsa matendawa mofanana ndi phytosteriasis.
• Matendawa ndi matenda a fungal omwe amabala chipatso, omwe amawonetsedwa ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa zipatso, zomwe zimadzaza ndi kukula, komanso pachimake cha mtundu wa mycelium wa bowa. N'zotheka kuchotsa anthracnosis pogwiritsa ntchito "Poliram" musanayambe maluwa, pambuyo pake, komanso masiku 15.
• Kutupa - kumawoneka mabala a bulauni pamasamba. Masamba okhudzidwa ayenera kudula ndi kuwonongedwa, ndipo nkhuni ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi Bordeaux osakaniza.
• Gum mankhwala - amapezeka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa makungwa, zomwe zimawonetseredwa ndi kutulutsidwa kwa utoto wa chikasu, mtunduwu umatha kufa imfa. Malo okhudzidwawo amayeretsedwa ndi kuchitidwa ndi vitriol buluu. Monga njira yowonetsera, kuyera kwa oyera kumasonyezedwa.

• Cherry aphid - amasonyeza zokhotakhota masamba kumapeto kwa nthambi ndi achinyamata mphukira kuyambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Kuchotsa zotchirezi zowonongeka zimaphatidwa ndi Aktar kapena Fufanon.
• Ntchentche yotchedwa Cherry - imaonekera kuyambira May mpaka June ndi mdima wakuda wa zipatso, zomwe zimavunda. Mukhoza kuthana ndi ntchentche mothandizidwa ndi "Agravertin", "Aktellika" kapena "Fitoverma".
• Cherry slimy sawfly - kuwonetseredwa m'nyengo ya chilimwe ndi maonekedwe a wakuda mphutsi zakuda pa masamba. Pofuna kuthana ndi sawflies, kupopera mtengo ndi Confidor kumachitika.
• Cherry akuwombera njenjete - anawonetsa kuwonongeka kwa masamba aang'ono, mwinamwake kugonjetsedwa nyengo yonse. Zotsalira zazomera ziyenera kuchotsedwa pa webusaitiyi ndi kutenthedwa. Chotsani mankhwala a nkhuni "Aktellikom" kapena "Fufanon."
• Zima njenjete - zikuwonetsedwa mu kugwa kwa tsamba kupukuta, kuvala pepala la pepala. Adzathandiza kuchotsa "Mospilan" ndi "Aktar", atasudzula malinga ndi malangizo.
• Sawfly ya ku Yellow - inavumbulutsidwa mu Meyi ndi kuchoka kwa mimbulu isanayambe maluwa a chitumbuwa. Kukonzekera "Fitoverm" ndi "Agravertin" kumachotsa sawfly.

Cherry "Turgenevka": kukolola

Pambuyo pa 4-5 patatha zaka, mbeu yoyamba ikuwoneka, yomwe imapsa nthawi yomweyo, pakati pa chilimwe. Zipatso zabwino zimagwa. Kukolola makamaka kumachitika m'mawa pa tsiku louma. Kuti asungidwe bwino, chitumbuwacho chimachotsedwa pamtengo ndi tsinde. Zokolola m'mabokosi apulasitiki kapena madengu a wicker amasungidwa kwa milungu iwiri kutentha kwa -1 ... +1 ° ndi kutentha kwapamwamba. Kwa nthawi yaitali yosungiramo zipatso amapangidwa mu thumba la pulasitiki ndipo amaikidwa mufiriji.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa "Turgenevka" zosiyanasiyana

Cherry "Turgenevka" pakati pa wamaluwa amaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yabwino ya yamatcheri chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa ndi kuolowa chokoma chokolola. Ubwino wa zipatsozi ndi zokoma, zazing'ono, zosavuta mosavuta fupa, nthawi yaitali yosungiramo zipatso. Zipatsozi zimakhalabe zooneka bwino ndipo zimakhala zofunikira pakati pa ogula, zomwe zimakhala zosangalatsa kwa alimi ogulitsa mbewu zawo.

Mukudziwa? Ku England, kukula kwa fruiting cherry, yomwe yayamba kale zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi, ndi kutalika kwake kwa mamita asanu, ndi kutalika - mamita 13.

Zopweteka za mtundu uwu wa chitumbuwa amaonedwa kuti ndi osauka chisanu kukana maluwa. Pambuyo pa impso, atangoyamba kumene, chiwopsezo cha mbeuyo chimakhala chachikulu. M'chilimwe, mtengo umasowa kuthirira chifukwa umakhala bwino kuti uume. Chosowa chachibale ndichofunikira kwa opalasa mungu ku Turgenevka yamatcheri, chifukwa amadzikonda okha. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kubzala zipatso zamatcheri "Zozikonda", "Achinyamata" kapena "Melitopol Joy" pamtunda wa mamita 35, kapena chodzala nthambi ya mtengo wa pollinator pa "Turgenevka".

Ambiri ubwino kupambana zovuta, ndipo kwa zaka zambiri Turgenevskaya Cherry mokoma mtima amapereka wamaluwa yowutsa mudyo zipatso.