Efrada amayamikiridwa chifukwa chotha kukongoletsa gawo lirilonse chaka chonse. M'chaka ndi chilimwe, amatsindika kukongola kwa maluwa okongoletsera ndi zitsamba, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira amasiyana ndi malo obiriwira omwe amawoneka kuti ndi ofunda kwambiri. Pini yamapiri, za kubzala ndi kusamalira zomwe zidzakambidwe, kukondedwa ndi anthu a chilimwe ndi okonza mapulaneti chifukwa cha kukula kwake ndi kudzichepetsa.
Pini yamapiri: kufotokoza za chomera
Pini yamapiri (Pinus mugo) ndi mtundu wa shrub wa pini wandiweyani, ngakhale kuti ndi mitengo yomwe imakonda kwambiri kuthengo. Kutalika kwa zitsamba kufika mamita 4-5, ndi mitengo - 7-8 mamita. Akuwombera pa phiri lapaini - lalifupi, lakukwawa pansi ndikukwera pamwamba. Mzuwo uli wongopeka, wolimba kwambiri. Zisoti zili ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Kutalika kwa singano kumakhala masentimita 4 4. Amasonkhanitsidwa mtolo wa zidutswa ziwiri, zopotoka pang'ono. Moyo wawo umakhala pakati pa 3 mpaka 5 zaka. Pakati pa zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena zisanu ndi zitatu, timadontho timene timakhala pamtengo wa pine, womwe umawonjezera kukongoletsa kwa mtengo. Zimakhala zooneka ngati phokoso, zofiirira zofiira, mtundu wa 3-6 masentimita m'litali.
Mukudziwa? Kukhalapo kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe tikukula mofulumira kwakhala kotchuka kuyambira m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Dziko lawo ndi mapiri a Central ndi Southern Europe. Pambuyo pake, Pinus gawo akufalitsa chikhalidwe cha m'munda padziko lonse lapansi.
Pini Pinus gawo ali ndi ubwino wambiri:
- ali ndi digiri yabwino yozizira hardiness;
- kukana chilala;
- Kusagonjetsedwa kwa mphepo chifukwa cha mizu yolimba;
- ali ndi nthambi zamphamvu zomwe sizikutha pansi pa chivundikiro cha chisanu;
- kusalongosola za nthaka;
- kulekerera kudulira;
- Mitundu ina ya mitengo ya paini imakhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo;
- yoyenera kubzala m'midzi, osagonjetsedwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa mpweya;
- yaitali-chiwindi - akhoza kukhala moyo zaka 1000.
Kuswana kwa pini kumapangidwa m'njira zitatu: cuttings, grafting ndi mbewu. Kukula kwapang'onopang'ono kumafanana ndi ephedra: kukula kwa chaka ndi 10 cm mu msinkhu ndi 15 masentimita m'lifupi. Ali ndi zaka khumi, mtengowo umakhala waukulu mamita 0,6-1, ndi mamita 0.6-1.8 mamita.
Kusankha kwapine kwa malo
Ngati mwasankha kudzala khola ku nyumba ya chilimwe ndipo simukudziwa kumene mungayambire, ndiye pazinthu zomwe mungakonze kuti mupange mapiri a pinini, zomwe zikhale zofunika kwambiri ndizomwe zingakhale malangizo pa kusankha munda wabwino kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikusankha nyemba pa nthawi yogula.
Kusankha mitundu
Mtengo wa pine uli ndi subspecies ndi mitundu yokongola, koma tsopano tikulongosola zina mwa zosangalatsa kwambiri. A subspecies amachokera: mitengo, zitsamba zambiri komanso elfin zitsamba. M'minda, ambiri ndiwo shrub (mugus) ndi elfin (pumilio) mawonekedwe. Yoyamba ndi yachiwiri ili ndi mitundu yambiri. Izi ndizo zitsamba zakuda komanso zakuda. Ali ndi mitundu yosiyana ya korona (yaying'ono, yophika, yowonjezera, etc.), kutalika (kuyambira 40 cm mpaka 4 mamita), mtundu wa singano (wobiriwira, wobiriwira, imvi, golide).
Zosiyanasiyana "Zachimwene". Chitsamba chimakula mpaka mamita awiri m'kukwera. Ili ndi korona wapadera. Zosowa - zobiriwira zakuda. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda umodzi ndi magulu pazitsamba, m'matanthwe. Komanso anabzala m'mitsuko, padenga.
Zosiyanasiyana "Pug". Zitsamba zamitambo, zomwe zimafika kutalika kwa mamita 1.5. Kutalika kwake ndi kutalika kwa korona kaŵirikaŵiri kukula kwake. Korona imakula ngati mpira. Nthambi zimakhala nthambi zambiri. Zisoti zimakhala zobiriwira zakuda, zolunjika, 2-4 masentimita. Okonza amakonda kukonda izi zosiyanasiyana monga tapeworm, m'magulu a miyala yamaluwa.
Zosiyanasiyana "Mini Pug". Yofotokozedwa ndi shrub yachinyontho, pamwamba pa masentimita 40 mpaka 60. Korona imakula kufika mamita awiri ndipo imakhala ndi miyendo. Nkhumba - mdima wakuda, singano. Oyenera kubzala mumthunzi wowala. Yesetsani kumalo osungira amodzi ndi magulu pamapiri a miyala.
Zosiyanasiyana "Kolumnaris". Kutalika kwazitali kwa zitsamba zamtunduwu ndi 2.5 mamita, kutalika kwa korona kuli mamita atatu. Korona ndi mopepuka coniferous, singano ndi mdima wobiriwira, ndi singano ngati. Oyenera kubzala soliter ndi magulu, m'minda yamaluwa, pamtunda.
"Nthanda" yosiyanasiyana. Zitsamba zokhala ndi shrub ndizitsulo zazikulu. Zisoti zimasintha mtundu molingana ndi nyengo: m'chilimwe kuli kobiriwira, mu kugwa ndi golide wachikasu. Chomerachi chimakula kufika masentimita 50 ndi mamita 1 mita.
Mukudziwa? Mitundu yambiri ya mapiri a pinini, yomwe nthawi zambiri imabzalidwa m'munda, imaphatikizansopo Cockade, yomwe ili ndi singano ziwiri za mikwingwirima yachikasu yofanana ndi diso lajoka.
Zosiyanasiyana "Zokwanira". Mtengo wapachiyambi utali wa mamita 4-5, wochuluka. Korona mwa mawonekedwe a mpira. Zisoti zimakhala zojambula mumdima wobiriwira, 2.5-3.5 masentimita utali. Zimalimbikitsidwa kuti mubzalidwe m'mapiri a Alpine, mwaokha komanso m'magulu.
Zosiyanasiyana "Frisia". Kufikira kukula kwake mpaka mamita awiri. Lili ndi matalala, olimba kwambiri korona ndi nthambi zolunjika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu amodzi ndi amodzi pamagulu a miyala, komanso monga chomera chamkati.
Zosiyanasiyana "Ofir". Zosangalatsa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe onga pinini. Mu kukula, pini iyi ndi yaying'ono - mamita 0,4 mamita ndi 0.6 mamita. Pamwamba, singano ndi golide wachikasu, nthambi zomwe zili mumthunzi ndi mkati mwa korona ndi zobiriwira.
Malamulo osankha mbewu
Mukasankha mtengo kuti mubzala, samalirani kuti maonekedwe ake ambiri amalankhula za thanzi komanso chitukuko choyenera. Malangizo a singano sayenera kukhala owuma kapena achikasu. Musanayambe kulima mapiri a pine, sankhani ngati mungagule mmera ndi mizere yotseguka kapena yotsekedwa. Njira yotsiriza ndi mtengo mumphika umene ukhoza kulekerera kubzala ndi kusintha mofulumira ku zikhalidwe zatsopano.
Kubzala, ndi bwino kusankha mbande zazing'ono, mpaka zaka zisanu. Ndi chisamaliro chofunikira muyenera kufufuza mizu ya mmera, chifukwa iyenera kukhala yopanda kuwonongeka ndi kuvunda. Ngati mumagula mtengo mu chidebe, ndiye kofunikira kuti ukhale wamkulu mu chidebe ichi, ndipo osabzala mmenemo pasanafike. Njira yosavuta imathandizira kudziwa izi: ngati mizu ikuyang'ana kuchokera kumabowo a ngalande, ndiye chomeracho chikukula mmenemo.
Ndikofunikira! Ndi bwino kuti musagule mbande m'masitolo akuluakulu, koma mu malo odyera kapena malo odyera. Mwayi wogula mmenemo mbande zabwino kwambiri zathanzi ndi zazikulu kwambiri.
Mbali za kubzala mapiri a pinini m'dzikoli
Kuchokera pa malo osankha bwino a malo obzala pine m'dzikoli ndikukolola nthaka kumadalira maonekedwe a mtsogolo ndi chitukuko cha chitukuko chake.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji malo omwe mukufuna kuti mukule bwino?
Pini ya Phiri ndi chomera chachikondi. Mitundu ina ingathe kupirira penumbra, koma mumthunzi pafupifupi aliyense amafa. Choncho, m'pofunikira kusankha malo otseguka, okonzeka bwino kubzala conifer.
Kodi chiyenera kukhala chiani chodzala phiri la pine?
Pini yamapiri imatha kumera pa nthaka iliyonse, ngakhale yosauka kwambiri. Sichisamala za acidity ya dziko lapansi, koma chomera chokongoletsera komanso chokonzeka bwino chidzakhala pamene chidzabzalidwa mchenga ndi mchenga wa mchenga, ndi ofooka asidi. Ngati nthaka ya paini ili ndi mchenga wambiri, mukhoza kuwonjezera dothi.
Nthawi yobzala pine m'munda wake
Nthaŵi yabwino yobzala pine idzakhala masika: April-May. Komanso, mtengo ukhoza kubzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa autumn: kumayambiriro kwa September.
Ndikofunikira! Kwa Mugus pine, kubzala mu kugwa sikudzakhala kosafunika, chifukwa mwina sipangakhale nthawi yowonjezera mazira ozizira.
Chiwembu cha kubzala phiri la pine mbande
Pano pali chithunzi cha momwe mungabzalitsire mapiri a pine. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukumba dzenje lalikulu kwambiri kuposa dothi ladongo - mulingo wa 7-10 cm. Kuzama kwa dzenje kuyenera kukhala mamita 0.8-1.Zomwe pansizi zimapangidwa ndi masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri kuchokera pansi pa miyala, miyala yaying'ono, njerwa yosweka, dongo lowonjezera. Izi ndi zofunika kuti zitsamba zisawonongeke. Madzi anatsanulira nthaka kusakaniza.
Pakuti chodzala mbande za pine ntchito gawo lophatikizapo:
- Dziko la sod - magawo awiri;
- Mchenga (dongo) - gawo limodzi.
Mu dzenje mukhoza kupanga manyowa, manyowa owonongeka kapena 30-50 g wa feteleza (zovuta). Kupanga miyalayi, popanda kuwononga mtunda wa nthaka, kumayikidwa mosamala pamtambo ndikuphimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi, kuchoka pamutu pamutu. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yaying'ono, ndipo bwalo la thunthu liyenera kulumikizidwa. Komanso musaiwale kumwa madzi sapling ambiri. Ngati mukukonzekera kudzala mapiritsi angapo, ayenera kuikidwa pamtunda wa 1.5-4 mamita kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Ndiwo zipangizo zamakono, momwe mungabzalitsire mapiri a pine m'chaka. Nthawi yoyamba mutabzala chitsamba chaching'ono chiyenera kukhala pritenyat ku dzuwa, pogwiritsa ntchito nthambi za spruce kapena spunbond. Zomera mpaka zaka zisanu kawirikawiri zimalekerera kusamalidwa, mwamsanga mizu kumalo atsopano, kotero kwa iwo mungasinthe malo odzala kangapo. Zitsanzo zakale zimatenga nthawi yaitali komanso zovuta kuti zizuke pamalo atsopano, choncho amafunika kutenga nthawi yomweyo kukula. Apo ayi, musanayambe kuikanso muyenera kukonzekera mizu mwanjira yapadera kapena kuikometsera ndi dothi ladothi.
Kusamalira pini wamapiri
Kusamalira phiri la pine sikungapange mavuto aliwonse apadera, chifukwa chomera sichimafuna ulimi wothirira ndi mosavuta kulekerera chilala. Mbewu ya chinyezi ya nthaka iyenera kuyang'aniridwa pamene ikukula zomera zazing'ono. Mwezi woyamba amafunika kuthirira kamodzi pa sabata, pogwiritsa ntchito ndowa 1-2 za madzi mtengo umodzi. M'tsogolomu, kuthirira kumafunika kokha nthawi yayitali, youma. Ndi kulimbika kwakukulu kwa nthaka kudzafunika kumasula kwake. Komabe, m'pofunika kuganizira zomwe zimayambitsa mizu ya mbeuyo pafupi kwambiri ndi nthaka.
Malamulo odyetsera mapiri a pine
Apa pali momwe mungamere pine:
- nitroammofoskoy (40 g) kapena feteleza wina wa nayitrogeni panthawi yobzala, amadziwidwa m'dzenje;
- kumapeto kwa chaka, chaka choyamba ndi chachiwiri cha moyo, zovuta zamchere feteleza mu mtengo wa bwalo (mwachitsanzo, "Kemira-Universal", pa mlingo wa 30-40 g pa mbeu).
Ndikofunikira! N'zosatheka kuthira mtengo wa pine m'dzinja, chifukwa mphukira zazing'ono sizidzakhala ndi nthawi ya nkhuni ndi chisanu.
Zaka ziwiri mutabzala, mtengo wa paini sudzasowa feteleza, chifukwa ukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabedi akuluakulu pansi pake.
Kudulira zomera
Popeza korona ya kukongoletsa mapini ndi okongola, kawirikawiri samafuna tsitsi lapadera. Fomu yokongola ingapangidwe ndi kukongoletsa kapena kupindikiza mphukira zazing'ono ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu. Choncho korona idzakhala yowonjezereka, ndipo mphukira zidzakwera kukula. M'chaka chochotsa chisanu ndi zouma nthambi. Pini yamapiri imalolera chisanu bwino, koma zomera zazing'ono zimafuna malo ogona. Komanso zaka ziwiri zoyambirira ziyenera kutengedwa kuchokera dzuwa, kuyambira mu February. Mofanana ndi conifers zonse, pine ikuyenera kutentha kutentha kwa dzuwa kwa singano singano.
Momwe mungayambire phiri la pine
Pini yamapiri imafalitsidwa ndi mbewu, cuttings ndi grafts. Njira yosavuta komanso yowonjezera ndiyo kukula mbande kuchokera ku mbewu. Mitengoyi imakhala yopanda phindu. Zomwe zili choncho, sizinatheke kuti mukhale ndi mtundu wa Mugus m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, pamene kuswana zomera, kukonda kumaperekedwa kwa njira zina.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Kufalitsa mbewu ndi njira yosavuta komanso yovomerezeka yolima pine yokongola ndi yathanzi. Ndi mitengo yotereyi imasungiranso zokongoletsa. Fotokozani mwachidule njira yobzalitsira mbewu za pine. Zikhoza kufesedwa pang'onopang'ono pansi ndi mabokosi, ndipo mchigawo chachiwiri, kuchuluka kwa mbeu kumakhala kwakukulu. Kuphuka kwa mbewu ya pine kumapezeka chaka chachiwiri pambuyo pollination. Mbewu za mitundu iŵiri ya coniferous zingakhale bwino kuziyika kale kwa masiku 30, ngakhale kuti n'zotheka kuchita popanda kuika. Anabzala bwino m'chaka. Pyatikhvarnik imabzala mu kugwa, pafupifupi m'chaka. Mbeu zawo zimatha kukhala ndizitali kwa miyezi 4-5.
Pofesa mutsekedwa, gwiritsani ntchito mabokosi opangidwa ndi zipangizo zilizonse. Iwo amayamba kupanga mapenje a ngalande. Gawo lapansi liyenera kukhala losavuta komanso lomasuka. Ndibwino kuti aziwaza peat pamwamba pa izo kuti asapitirire kukula kwa matenda a fungal. Komanso, nthaka iyenera kusungidwa mu uvuni kuti ikhale ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mbewu imatetezedwa motetezedwa mu njira ya "Fundazol" kapena "Fitosporin". 
M'mabokosiwa amafesedwa mopanda kanthu, pamtunda wa masentimita asanu kuchokera pamzake. Komanso, mbeu imangothamangitsidwa pansi, kenako imamasulidwa pang'ono. Chophimba chothandizira ndi zojambulajambula. Zipatso ziyenera kuonekera mkati mwa mwezi. Pambuyo pake adzafunika kutsegulidwa ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse. Poyera nthaka mizu imatha kusunthira mu 1-2 zaka. Pamene kuika mizu sikuwonekera.
Cuttings
Pini yamapiri, komabe, komanso pine, kuberekana ndi cuttings sikulekerera bwino. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti ndi njira iyi mtengo uli wovuta kuzuka. 7-10 masentimita utali wa cuttings amatengedwa kuchokera ku mitengo, kuchokera ku nthambi zokhazikika pachaka kumapeto kwa April. Amadulidwa pamodzi ndi mbali ya makungwa a thunthu - chidendene. Ndiye kwa masiku atatu, ndibwino kuti muwaike m'chitetezo ndi madzi ndi maola 12 mu njira yomwe imayambitsa kukula kwa mizu. 
Pamene kuswana mapini ndi cuttings, chidebe ndi gawo lapansi, peat ndi mchenga zakonzedwa pasadakhale. Pansi pansi pali ngalande. Mitengoyi imapita mkati mwa masentimita 4-5. Mtunda wa pakati pawo umasungidwa mkati mwa masentimita 10. Kenaka ndi kofunika kukonza wowonjezera kutentha ndi kutentha kwapang'ono. Kunyumba, kutentha pansi pa thanki kungasungidwe mwa kuyika izo mu bokosi ndi manyowa, manyowa kapena masamba owuma. Ngati zidutswazo zabzala m'chaka, ndiye kuti rooting iyenera kuchitika kokha kumapeto kwa autumn wa chaka chamawa. Pogwiritsa ntchito pakhoma, nthaka yosanjikizidwa ili ndi madzi kuchokera ku miyala kapena miyala. Mabedi amaikidwa m'magawo: kompositi, nthaka kusakaniza, mchenga. Pansi pa cuttings amachiritsidwa ndi "Zircon" kapena "Epin." Kubzala mizu kumapezeka mkati mwa miyezi 5-6.
Katemera
Maphunziro apamwamba akhoza kufalitsidwa ndi kuphatikizidwa, ndipo mbande za zaka zinayi zimatengedwa kuti zigulitsidwe. Zimakhala zovuta kuchita inoculation, ndipo nkhani yina idzafunikanso kuti mufotokoze momwe ndondomekoyi imabweretsera njirayi. Ubwino wa kubalana ndi kumtumikizanitsa ndikuti mtengowo umatengera makhalidwe onse a mbeu ya mayi.
Pogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo, phiri la pine limabzalidwa m'minda yamaluwa, pamene mumabzala mitengo, mumtambo, ndipo mumagwiritsanso ntchito kukonza nthaka. Zikuwoneka zokongola ngati tapeworm komanso m'magulu opanga. Zimayenda bwino ndi birch, larch, spruce, Balkan mapine.
