Cherry ndi wathanzi kwambiri, ndipo pambali pake, chokoma chipatso. Zipatsozi ndizochuluka kwambiri m'thupi ndi mavitamini osiyanasiyana.
Pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha mitundu yamatcheri, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yozizira-yovuta kwambiri, osati yotetezeka bwino, komanso yotsutsana ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tisiyanitsa iwo ndi nthawi ya kusasitsa.
Izi zikuphatikizapo oyambirira ndi apakati. Tidzafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitumbuwa chokoma, chomwe chimatchedwa "Achinyamata".
Chitumbuwa cha achinyamata: zofotokozera zosiyanasiyana
Mukamabzala munda, chifukwa cha zokolola zanu komanso phindu lalikulu, muyenera kusamala kwambiri pa kusankha mitundu ndi mitengo yomwe mukufuna kudzala.
Ntchito yaikulu imasewera ndi kukana nkhuni kuzizira ndi matenda osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana. Muyeneranso kulingalira za malo amtsogolo a mtengo ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zabwino zowonjezera.
Mitengo yamakono imakonda kwambiri chinyezi, dzuwa, dothi lolemera mu dongo ndi mchenga
Pogula mbande, munthu ayenera kumvetsera mwatcheru khalidwe lake, ndipo malondawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'masitolo apadera komanso m'mahema omwe ayesedwa kale. Imodzi mwa mitundu yothandiza kwambiri komanso yochuluka yamatcheri akhoza kutchedwa zosiyanasiyana - unyamata.
Chitumbuwa cha achinyamata ndi mtengo zosiyanasiyana skoroplodny, omwe amadziwika ndi fruiting pachaka ndi kudzibala, mwachitsanzo, Mtundu uwu wa mtengo wa chitumbuwa umachokera mungu ndi mungu. Chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwake, mtengo uwu ndi wautali, ndipo umakondweretsa ndi mbeu ya zaka 4-5 pambuyo pa kutuluka. Ali ndi kwambiri kukolola kwakukulu - 10-12 makilogalamu a Vichy akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa mosavuta ku mtengo umodzi.
Mtundu uwu wa chitumbuwa umatanthawuza mitundu yochedwa kukhwimandipo yakucha kumapeto kwa July ndi kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa August. Lili ndi mawonekedwe oyambirira, monga mu chilengedwe amawoneka ngati chitsamba chazitali, pafupifupi mamita atatu pamwamba. Zabwino zimalekerera chisanu.
Zindikirani pang'ono za zipatso
Zipatso za chitumbuwa chachinyamata ndi zazikulu, aliyense mwana amafika za 4.5 magalamu olemera. Iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe ophimba, mdima wamdima wakuda ndi fungo labwino kwambiri.
Kula zipatso wokoma ndi wowawasa, wotchuka kwambiri mu mchere, mnofu wa chipatsocho ndi wowometsera komanso wandiweyani. Cherry ali ndi mdima wofiira, wokoma kwambiri kwambiri komanso fupa lamasinkhu, lomwe ndi losavuta kusiyanitsa ndi zamkati.
Zipatso za mtundu uwu wa chitumbuwa zingathe kudyetsedwa osati mwatsopano chabe, komanso mu mawonekedwe osinthidwa. Kusokoneza kwapadera, compotes, jams, juices, marshmallows, ndi vinyo wa zipatso amapangidwa kuchokera ku zipatso izi. Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti zipatso za achinyamata a chitumbuwa zimanyamula kwambiri.
Zipatso za yamatcheri ndi olemera kwambiri mu organic acid ndi zosiyanasiyana macronutrients. Cherry ili ndi mavitamini a acid, succinic acid, citric acid, quinic acid, salicylic acid, komanso magnesium, calcium, phosphorus ndi potassium.
Tsopano za mtengo wa chitumbuwa chachinyamata
Mtundu wa chitumbuwa cha achinyamata ndi sing'anga kapena pansi pa msinkhu wa mtengo kapena shrub yomwe ili ndi korona wong'onong'ono, yochepa.
Wodzikonda mtengo wotsika ndipo amatanthauza mitundu yochepa ya mitundu yomwe saopa mpweya wouma kummawa panthawi ya maluwa. Pamtengo, mukhoza kuyang'ana kukula kwa masamba obiriwira omwe ali pamphepete mwa tsamba la tsamba.
Kwenikweni Mtengo umabala chipatso pamapeto a chaka chatha ndipo ndithudi pa nthambi za maluwa. Choncho, mtundu uwu wa chitumbuwa ndi wofunika kwambiri kupatulira ndi pachaka kudulira. Mtengo wa chitumbuwa umafalitsidwa ndi kudula komanso mphukira. Mtengo umalekerera chisanu ndi chilala bwino kwambiri.
Kodi zovuta ndi ubwino wa zosiyanasiyanazi ndi ziti?
Ulemu wa mwana wa chitumbuwa ndikuti ndi umodzi mwazinthu zodzidalira kwambiri zokhala ndi fruiting ndi zofooka ku Moscow mitundu ya mtengo ndi zipatso zazikulu zabwino kwambiri.
Ubwinowu uyeneranso kutchulidwa chifukwa chakuti ndizowona zokhazokha zomwe zimayamba nthawi ya July 20-25. Mtundu uwu wa nkhuni ndi wokwanira zosagonjetsedwa zoopsa kwambiri matenda a fungalChomwe chimakhudza mtengo wa chitumbuwa ndi coccomycosis ndi moniliasis. Kugonjetsedwa kwa anyamata a chitumbuwa, kutentha kwa chilimwe, ndi mfundo 2-3.
Mtundu wa chitumbuwawu ndi ubwino wa kupezeka kwa zipatso zazikulu zomwe zimabereka zipatso zabwino chilimwe. Mtumbu wachinyamata ndi wabwino kwambiri pollinator kwa ambiri pambuyo pake mitundu yamatcheri. Pakati pa maluwa, mitundu yosiyana siyana imagonjetsedwa ndi mpweya wakuda, kumadera ozizira ndi chisanu, pamene kulekerera kwa nyengo yozizira sikunangokhala pamtengo, komanso maluwa.
Zovuta zapadera m'matcheri a achinyamata samachoka. Mchenga wachinyamata, monga mitundu yonse ya mtengo wa zipatso uwu, amafunikira mankhwala oyenera chaka ndi chaka pokonzekera kupewa matenda a fungicides - fungicides.
Pakuti yamatcheri, mumayenera kusankha malo apadera oti mubzala, monga pogona, malo osasinthasintha, yamatcheri amakula kwambiri, ndipo pokhapokha pakhale potaziyamu, nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous, sizibala zipatso. Chithusi chachinyamata chimafunikanso kudulira pachaka, popeza pali kulemera kwakukulu kwa korona, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa zokolola ndi kutuluka kwa mtengo.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za chisamaliro ndi kubzala kwa kumva yamatcheri.
Mbali za kubzala mtengo
Kuchokera momwe mtengo uliwonse umalumikizidwa molondola, chitukuko chake, zokolola ndi kukhazikika zimadalira. Choncho, nkofunika kwambiri musanadzale sapling, phunzirani malamulo ndi zochitika za kubzala.
Pakuti chitumbuwa chachinyamata chimasangalatsa kwambiri Nthawi yobwera nthawi ndi masika. Kulima mtengo wachitsamba m'chaka kumachepetsa kuthekera kwa kuzizira kwa mbeu m'nyengo yozizira. Cherry pamalo amodzi amakula bwino ndipo amapereka zokolola za zaka 15-16.
Zabwino imakhazikika pamtundaNdi kuchuluka kwa dzuŵa ndi kuuma kwa dothi, komanso pamene kulibe pafupi ndi madzi pansi, madzi otsika kwambiri ndi 2-2.5 m. Pakuti yamatcheri, osalowerera ndale, alkaline pang'ono, ndipo makamaka nthaka yochepa ndi yabwino kwambiri.
Pakulima mmera, dzenje limakumbidwa mozama pafupifupi 40-50 masentimita, ndi masentimita 70 mpaka 80. Mtunda wokhala pakati pawo ndi 2 mamita, m'mizere - mamita atatu. Manyowa operekera muyezo wa 10-15 makilogalamu amaikidwa mu dzenje, phulusa kapena potashi feteleza mu kuchuluka kwa 500 g ndi phosphate pafupifupi 150-300 gr.
Nthaka, pamene kuswana yamatcheri m'munda, iyenera kukhala yoyera, mwachilungamo ndi yonyowa. M'nyengo yophukira, nthaka imakumba mpaka akuya pafupifupi masentimita 15 mpaka 20, ndipo pafupi ndi mtengo wa mtengo - 10 cm.
Mitengo ya Cherry imadyetsedwa ndi feteleza. Kudyetsa mtengo ukuchitika mwa kukumba mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo. Kuchuluka kwa kuvala pamwamba kumadalira msinkhu wa mtengo, chikhalidwe chake, komanso kukhalapo kwa zinthu zothandiza m'nthaka.
Kwa zaka zitatu kapena zinayi zitatha kutsika, Mitengo imadyetsedwa m'chakapanthawi imodzimodziyo, nitrojeni feteleza yokha imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yowerengedwa pa 1 sq. m. M nthaka - 20g ya urea, yomwe yawonjezeredwa ku nthaka.
Pofuna kukula bwino kwa mtengowo, kumayambiriro kwa fruiting, kompositi kapena manyowa amalowa m'nthaka. Manyowa a kompositi amatengedwa mofanana: 1 square. mita, pafupifupi 10 kg; urea - pafupifupi 25 g; potaziyamu kloride - 20 g; phulusa - kufika 200-300 g; chophweka superphosphate - 60 g kapena kawiri superphosphate - 30 g.
Mtengo ukayamba kubala chipatso, feteleza ndi mchere amapitirira, ndipo kuchuluka kwa feteleza feteleza kumawonjezeka kufika pafupifupi 15-20 makilogalamu.
Tiyenera kudziŵa kuti mu kugwa amadyetsedwa ndi phosphate ndi potashi feteleza, organic - mu kasupe ndi autumn, ndi nayitrogeni feteleza - kokha masika. Limu amathandiza nthawi ndi nthawi, muyeso wotsatizana ndi chizindikiro cha acidity ya nthaka.
Amatcheri aang'ono amadyetsedwa ndi njira yotchuka, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuyambitsa mbalame mu nthaka ya ndowe kapena manyowa. Ndizothandiza kwambiri kudyetsa mtengo ndi urea, njirayi imachepetsedwera peresenti ya 40 g ya urea pa 10 malita a madzi. Chovala chodziwika bwino cha ma foliar chachitika kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.
Kuti mukhale ndi chitukuko chabwino ndi zokolola zambiri, mutabzala chitumbuwa chachinyamata, ndikofunikira kusankha malo abwino okwera. Ndi bwino kubzala mtengo mu nthaka yokhala ndi mchenga kapena mchenga pamalo otseguka, omwe amatetezedwa ndi mphepo yamkuntho ndi mpangidwe uliwonse.
Kwa mtengo wa chitumbuwa pamunda, malo akum'mwera amasiyidwa ndi nyumbayi, osati kutali ndi mipanda, kumene mchere wochepa kwambiri umapangidwira ndipo chipale chofewa chimakhalabe.
Zonse yamatcheri kwambiri kondani nthaka yonyowaChoncho, nthaka yomwe ili pafupi ndi chomera nthawi zambiri imathiriridwa, ndipo wina sayenera kuiwala za aeration. Mkhalidwe wathu, chitumbuwa chimakula bwino pa loamy, mokwanira ndi kutentha nthaka, olemera mu zakudya.
Musati mutsimikizire kwa nkhuni yamatcheri wolemera, yaiwisi loamchakuya mchenga ndi peatlands. Mtengo wa chitumbuwa umalimbikitsanso nthaka yowawa kwambiri.
Mosasamala mtundu wa chitumbuwa, ndi chipatso mtengo kwambiri amayamba kutengeka ndi matenda a fungal, ndi njira zothandizira, zomerazi zimachitidwa ndi yankho la urea. Chotero processing ikuchitika kumayambiriro kasupe, pamaso kufalikira kwa woyamba masamba, ndipo kumapeto kugwa, pamaso isanayambike woyamba chisanu.
Ngati mtengo ulibebe ndi matendawa, ndi bwino kuchita mankhwala ndi mankhwala okonzekera "Topaz" kapena "Topsin". Sungani kangapo. Gawo loyamba la kukonza zotere likuchitika pamene mtengo watha, wachiwiri - mu June, wachitatu - mutatha kukolola.
Ndikofunika kusankha mbande mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa khalidwe la sapling ndilofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko chabwino ndi kukula. Kawirikawiri pali mitengo yamtengo wapatali yomwe imagulitsidwa komanso yogula kale, choncho imayenera kugulidwa m'masitolo apadera kapena ogulitsa odziwa zambiri komanso odalirika.
Kuyenera kuzindikira zimenezo zosiyanasiyana zamatcheri nthawi zambiri musayambe kuwuka ndi kuchulukitsa mwa kuphatikizidwa.
Kodi ndi zinthu zotani za chisamaliro cha chitumbuwa?
Kukonzekera pristvolny mabwalo, yoyenera ndi okwanira okwanira, panthawi yake kudyetsa zomera, kutetezeka ku matenda ndi tizirombo, kudula nthambi ndi kupatulira, mitengo ikuluikulu, kumasula nthaka pafupi ndi mtengo komanso pamphepete mwa korona zonse ndi zofunika kwambiri pazomwe zimapangidwira mwana wa chitumbuwa.
Kubzala yamatcheri m'munda wake, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira chinyezi cha dziko lapansi. Thupi la yamatcheri limakhala lofunikira kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ndi kumapeto, pamene mtengo umatha, ndipo masamba ndi mphukira zimayamba kukula mwakhama. Nthaka panthawi imeneyi iyenera kukhala yonyowa bwino, mwinamwake kugwa kwakukulu kwa thumba losunga mazira ndi kotheka.
Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi sichivomerezeka, kuchuluka kwake kumapangitsa kuti mizu ikhale yakufa komanso kuimitsa kukula kwa mtengowo, masamba amayamba kutembenukira chikasu, pamwamba pa mtengo wa korona umalira
Chofunika kwambiri pamene kusamalira mtengo wa chitumbuwa chachinyamata ndi chake kudulira moyenerera molondola. M'mitengo yaing'ono, korona imakula mwachibadwa, kotero imafuna kudulira pang'ono.
Pogwiritsa ntchito kudulira, kukumbukira kuti mabala ambiri omwe amapanga pakati ndi oyambitsa nthambi sangathe kuchitidwa, ndipo kusamalidwa bwino kwa nthaka, ndi kudulira kwakukulu, kungayambitse kupweteka.
Cholinga chokha chodulira mwana wa chitumbuwa ndicho kupukuta korona wake kuti mupeze kuwala kokwanira. Kupukuta kwa korona kumachitika panthawi yoyamba ya fruiting ya mtengo, pokhapokha ngati ukukula ndi 30-40 masentimita pachaka, kwinaku ukudumpha ndi kusamba nthambi kudula.
Ngati chovala cholimba cha korona chikuchitika, sizingakonzedwe kuti muzitha kudulira mitengo yolimba. Kudulira mitengo yamatcheri ndi korona wandiweyani kumachitika mu magawo, patapita zaka zingapo.
Kukula kwa chitumbuwa chachitsamba kumakhala kochepa kwambiri ndi mwini munda wamtundu wa 2-2.5 mamita mu msinkhu.
Musagulitse bwino, muiwale za kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha kwa chisanu. Kuteteza Mitengo ya zinthu zoterezi kumapeto kwa autumn ziyenera kuti aziyeretsedwe chifuwa chachikulu nthambi, mitengo ikuluikulu ndi stumps. Nthawi zina whitewashing ikuchitika mobwerezabwereza kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu kapena yozizira.
Ndiponso, pofuna kuteteza shtambov kuwonongeka nthambi, mafupa otseguka akulimbikitsidwa kuti aziphimbidwa ndi munda phula.
Musaiwale kuteteza mtengo ku makoswe ndi tizirombo. Pachifukwachi, kupopera mankhwala nthawi zonse kumachitika, komanso mtengo wa mtengo uli ndi nthambi za singano zatsopano m'nyengo yozizira.
Kuwona malamulo onse omwe ali pamwambawa, mukhoza kukula mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa chitumbuwa m'munda mwanu panthawi yochepa ndikupeza zipatso zambiri za zipatso zamtengo wapatali chaka chilichonse. Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yanu ya munda ndikukhala ndi thanzi komanso moyo.
