Mwinamwake, ochepa chabe okonda zipatso za chisomo chokongola chakumwera amadziwa kuti pali mitundu yambirimbiri yokoma yamatcheri mu chirengedwe.
Komanso, chaka chilichonse ichi chiwerengero chikuwonjezeka.
Choncho, muli ndi mwayi uliwonse wosankha mtundu wa chitumbuwa chokoma chomwe chidzakula bwino m'deralo, ndikuganizira zonse za nyengo ndi nthaka.
Mitundu yambiri yamatcheri ya Leningrad yatsimikizirika bwino, ndipo tidzakambirana za izi m'nkhaniyi.
Kufotokozera kwa Leningrad Black Cherry
Zipatso
Zipatso za Leningrad zakuda zimakhala zazikulu, maroon wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda, masekeli pafupifupi 5 magalamu. Maonekedwe a mtima. Kukoma kwa zipatso ndi kokoma, mopweteka pang'ono. Malingana ndi kuyeretsa kokoma, iwo akuyenerera zoyenera 4.2.
Yokolola Zimatuluka mkatikati mwa mwezi wa July, osagwirizana, kotero zimatha kumangirira chitumbuwa mpaka pakati pa September, popanda kutaya kukoma kwake ndi maonekedwe ake. Mapira a zipatso ndi fibrous, yowutsa mudyo kwambiri, mdima wofiira ndi wachifundo.
Zipatso za zosiyanasiyanazi zingadzitamandire ntchito zosiyanasiyana - zimapanga timadziti tapamwamba, timadzi timeneti timene timapanga timadzi timeneti timene timagwiritsa ntchito timadzi timeneti timene timagwiritsa ntchito timadzi timeneti timene timapanga timadzi timeneti timene timapanga timadzi timene timagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa komanso timagwiritsa ntchito vinyo wambiri.
Ndikondweretsanso kuwerenga za zokoma kwambiri za chitumbuwa chokoma.
Mitengo
Mitengo ya Leningrad Black mitundu ndi ya sing'anga yamatcheri yamakono, kutalika kwake kutalika sikufika ngakhale mamita 4. Khalani ndi kapu kakang'ono, kakang'ono, kakang'ono kwambiri. Ndibwino kwambiri komanso zinthu zabwino za fruiting - kokolola koyamba akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa kale chaka chachitatu mutabzala.
Nthawi zina amayamba kubala chipatso chaka chachisanu cha kukula. Mbewu imasiyana mochuluka ndi nthawi yaitali yosungirako pamtengo.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka mutabzala, yamatcheri adzakudabwa ndi kukula kwake. Koma izi sizili zabwino nthawi zonse, monga nkofunikira kukhala ndi nthawi yopanga korona yake. Kudulira mphukira zazing'ono ziyenera kuchitika pachaka kumayambiriro kwa masika, nthawizonse isanayambe kuphuka.
Chochitikachi chidzakuchepetsanso kukula kwakukulu pang'ono ndikukulolani kuti mupange mawonekedwe a mtengo monga mudakonzekera. Kukonza dongosolo Sweet cherries ndi okongola kwambiri. Akuwombera pa mbande za pachaka zomwe zimadulidwa pa 1/5 gawo la nthambi. Ndiloyenera kuchotsa mphukira kukula kumbali ya thunthu kapena kumbali yolondola. Masamba, kupanga kwambiri makulidwe a korona.
Pakadutsa zaka zisanu zokoma za chitumbuwa chokoma, kufunika kodulira kotereku sikunali kofunikira, chifukwa mtengo uwu sudziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa korona. Kudulira koyera kokha kwa nthambi zakale ndi matenda kumakhalabe.
Chifukwa makungwa yamatcheri ndi ofewa komanso osasuntha, mlingo wokhala ndi zitsamba amafunika kusungidwa mkati mwa madigiri 45-50 mwa kumangiriza ngati kuli kofunikira. Izi zidzachepetsera chiopsezo cha kuphulika kwa nthambi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa gawo lalikulu la thunthu, ndipo, motero, ku matenda, ndi nthawi zina kufa kwa mtengo chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kulowa.
Pakugwa, musayese kutulutsa mphukira, chifukwa chochitikachi chidzapangitsa kukula kwawo kwakukulu, ndipo chifukwa chake, kuchepetsa kuuma kwa mtengo.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Makhalidwe Izi zosiyanasiyana zimayikidwa. Zimapindulitsa kwambiri malonda, monga mitengo kumayambiriro kwa fruiting ndipo nthawi yomweyo amapereka zokolola zambiri. Ndikoyenera kumvetsera za zipatso zosabzalidwa bwino - m'minda yayikulu, pamene palibe kuthekera kuti kugulitsa zonsezi nthawi yomweyo - izi ndizopindulitsa kwa mwiniwake.
Kwa munda waung'ono, izi zingakhale zovuta kwambiri.
Mitengo yamatcheri imakhala ndi kukula kochepa, komwe kumachepetsa kwambiri kusonkhanitsa zipatso, kuzizira kwambiri komanso osakhala ndi chilala. Kuphatikiza apo, Leningrad Black ili ndipamwamba kwambiri yotsutsa tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, zomwe mosakayikira zimapereka chisamaliro chake.
Zonsezi zowonjezereka pamwambazi zimakula kwambiri m'madera omwe zomerazi zingabzalidwe, kuchokera kumadera otentha a Crimea kupita ku madera a Leningrad ndi Moscow.
Kubzala mitengo ya chitumbuwa
Pamene tikufika ofunika kumvetsera kwa kuya kwa pansi, chifukwa chitumbuwa ndi mtengo umene sulekerera madzi ochulukirapo m'nthaka, ngakhale kwa kanthawi kochepa. Kutentha kwambiri, sikungakhale bwino m'madera otsetsereka, kumene, mwinamwake, kusungunuka kwa mphepo yozizira kumapeto kwa nyengo.
Mzuwu umapangidwa bwino kwambiri, kotero kamba ikhoza kutulutsa chinyezi kuchokera ku zakuya za nthaka.
Mitengo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Leningradskaya imakula bwino pamtunda wochepa, nthaka yabwino, midzi-loamy ndi malo osalowerera ndale komanso yabwino kwambiri. Osasamalidwa bwino pa nthaka yolemera ya peat, miyala yomwe ili ndi dothi lokwera ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali.
Mtengo ndi wokonda kwambiri, choncho posankha malo oti mukhale mmera, m'pofunika kusamala kuti palibe nyumba zomwe zimalepheretsa kupeza kuwala.
Zamasamba mwinamwake miyezi isanu ndi itatu, chifukwa chake zimalimbikitsa kudzala mitengo yamatcheri kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, motero amapereka nthawi yake yokhala ndi mizu komanso kusinthasintha nyengo isanayambe. Ndikofunika kukonzekera malo a mtengo wanu m'dzinja.
Pochita izi, chemba dzenje 60cm ndi 80cm lonse, kumasula pansi pa dzenje ndikutsanulira 2 zidebe za humus mmenemo, zomwe ziyenera kusakanizidwa ndi dothi laling'ono. M'dziko lino, tulukani mu dzenje kuti mukhale m'nyengo yozizira. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, onjezerani chisakanizo ichi: 0,5 makilogalamu a superphosphates + pafupifupi 100 g ya sodium sulfate. Chotsatiracho chimapanga kusakaniza ndi humus pansi pa dzenje lakudzala. Mdzenje wokha uli wokonzeka.
Tsabola yamtengo wapatali imakhala yochuluka kwa mpweya wochuluka kapena wouma. Ndi yotentha kasupe maluwa nyengo ndi yofupikitsa, zomwe zimakhudza zosayenera mlingo wa zokolola. Ndi mpweya wamkuntho, maonekedwe a zowola ndi nkhungu pa zipatso, komanso kuphwanya kwawo, n'zotheka.
Tsopano muyenera kumvetsera mizu ya mmera. Pakakhala kuti auma pang'ono, m'pofunika kuwadula pang'ono ndi kuwasiya m'madzi kwa maola 10 kuti musinthe. Pamene mbeu imayikidwa mu dzenje, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti khosi la mtengo limatuluka pamwamba pa nthaka yosachepera 5 masentimita.
Apo ayi, ndi shrinkage yowonjezerapo, ikhoza kukhala pansi, yomwe idzabweretsa ku imfa ya mtengo.
Mtengo wabzalidwa, timapanga dzenje ndikuzungulira kuthirira 1 ndi chidebe cha madzi kuti zizitsike pansi bwino, mutatha kupanga mulch wa peat kapena humus kuzungulira mmera. Mtunda wa pakati pa chitumbuwa chokoma ayenera kukhala osachepera 3m, chifukwa mitengoyi ili ndi mphamvu yodula korona.
Mitengoyi imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso, kotero ngati mumasankha munda wa chitumbuwa, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso monga Dawn, Red Dense, Bryanochka, Tyutchevka ndi Leningradskaya chikasu kapena pinki zilipo pa tsamba. Mitengo ya Cherry ingakhalenso malo abwino odzola mungu, pokhapokha kuti maluwa awo amamangidwa ndi nyengo yamaluwa a chitumbuwa.
Kusamalira chitumbuwa cha chitumbuwa
Kuthirira
Kukongola ndi chipatso cha munda wanu kumadalira kokha ku nthaka ndi nyengo za kubzala. Udindo wofunikira umasewera ndi kuchuluka kwa momwe mukufunira kupereka nthawi ndi chidziwitso kusamalira mitengo yanu.
Popeza chitumbuwa chokoma ndi mtengo wokonda kwambiri chinyezi, womwe umapereka zokolola zambiri, kuthirira kwa nthawi yake ndikofunikira kwambiri. Zomwe amaluwa amalimbikitsa kuchita kuthirira koyamba pambuyo yozizira ndi kumayambiriro kasupe, mpaka maluwa. Ngati chitumbuwa chakhala choyera choyera - sikulimbikitsidwa kuthirira mtengo, mwinamwake iwo akhoza kubwezeretsa ovary.
M'chilimwe yamatcheri amamwetsedwa ngati dothi limauma. Kuti muchite izi, tenga nyemba za nthaka kuchokera mozama masentimita 40 ndipo finyani pachikhatho cha dzanja lanu. Ngati nthongo ya dziko ikuphwanyidwa, zikutanthauza kuti chitumbuwa chanu chikusowa madzi okwanira. Ndi chinyezi chabwino cha nthaka, mtandawo sudzagwa kapena kumamatira manja, udzakhala wokonzeka ndi kusunga mawonekedwe ake bwino.
Kutentha kwa madzi chifukwa ulimi wothirira makamaka mwa madigiri 25. Pofuna kuchepetsa kutaya kwa madzi ndi kukonzekera mtengo m'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumapeto kumachitika m'dzinja kukumba mzere wozungulira ndi feteleza. Kuthirira uku ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa mtengo, mlingo wa madzi ukulimbikitsidwa pafupifupi 100 malita pa mtengo wamkulu. Pambuyo pake, m'pofunika kusakaniza bwalo la okolostvolny bwino kuti muchepetse kutaya kwa chinyezi.
Feteleza
Cherries sakonda kuchuluka kwa feteleza, chifukwa ndiye kukula kwa mphukira kumayambira, omwe alibe nthawi yokhwima m'nyengo yozizira ndi kufa kuchokera koyamba chisanu. Zabwino kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza zokhala ndi mineral muzitsulo zina, izi zidzathandiza kuti nthaka ikhale ndi zinthu zonse zopanda phindu ndipo sizidzawononge zomera.
Mu September, kuvala kwa phosphorous kuchuluka kwa 40-60 g ya superphosphate mu granules pa 1 mita mita ndi yabwino. Mamitala apakati a korona wowonongeka. Izi zidzathandiza mtengowo kuti usapulumutsidwe ndi chisanu ndikuonjezera shuga mu zipatso ndi 25%.
Kamodzi mu zaka zitatu, dziko lapansi mu cirference ya yamatcheri amakumba ndi Kuwonjezera kwa 8kg zamoyo (manyowa ovunda kapena manyowa omwe amavuta). Kugwiritsa ntchito atsopano feteleza feteleza sikuvomerezeka. Adzawonongeka kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo, motero, sadzakwaniritsa cholinga chawo panthawi. Kuonjezera apo, zatsopano zamtunduwu zimayambitsa moto wa mizu, yomwe idzawononga mtengo.
Kuti mtengo ukonzekere nyengo yozizira, feteleza okhala ndi nayitrojeni akugwiritsidwa ntchito pasanathe mapeto a masika. Ndibwino kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito madziwa - akhoza kukhala ammonium nitrate kapena ammonium sulphate.
Kokoma wotsekemera kwambiri feteleza wobiriwira. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mpiru, mtola, lupine, phacelia ndi sainfoin, zomwe zimabzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Pakugwa, udzu umenewu umasungidwa ndipo kusakaniza kumeneku kumayambitsidwa m'katikati mwa mtengo. Ndibwino kuti titsirize ntchito zonse kudyetsa yamatcheri kumapeto kwa kasupe, ndikukumba ndi feteleza pafupi ndi September, kuchepetsa kuyamwa kutaya ndi kupereka nthawi yokonzekera nyengo yozizira.
Kusamalira nyengo yachisanu ndi chilimwe
Ngakhale kuti chitumbuwa chiri kum'mwera kukongola, imalekerera chisanu bwino m'nyengo yozizira, koma, nyengo ya chisanu ndi kutentha kwa - 2, masamba omwe akuwonekera okha sangathe kupirira. Mzu wa November woyamba frosts ndi wovuta kwambiri, chifukwa palibe akadalibe matalala omwe angathe kuwotha.
Odziŵa bwino wamaluwa amachepetse mphukira yamtengo wapatali pa chaka chokongoletsera cha mtengo kuonjezera chisanu cha kulekerera. Chotsatira chake, mbale za masamba zimakhala zikuluzikulu ndipo zinthu zopulasitiki zikumangirira bwino mwa iwo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chisanu chikhale chozizira kwambiri. Ngati chisanu chimafikira ovary kapena maluwa, ndiye, mwina, imfa ya mbewu, chifukwa sangathe kupirira kutentha kwa ngakhale -1.
Osachepera yozizira frosts zokoma ndi zoopsa kutentha kwa dzuwazomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha madontho aakulu otentha kutalowa dzuwa litalowa. Chotsatira chake, ming'alu ikuwonekera pamtengo wanu ndi mawonekedwe a mabala pa khungwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthambi zowumitsa, ndipo, pamtanda waukulu, imfa ya mtengowo.
Kupewa kutentha kwa dzuwa n'kofunika kuyeretsa thunthu ndi nthambi mitengo ya mandimu. Kwa mbande zazing'ono kwambiri mu kuyera kwa blanchi zimasinthidwa ndi choko, kuti asawononge makungwa aang'ono. Mphungu imeneyi imakhala ngati kalilole ndipo imasonyeza kuwala kwa dzuwa. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti njira yothetsera vutoli ikugwirizana.
Mamasukidwe ake amtunduwu ayenera kufanana ndi makulidwe a kirimu wowawasa kuphimba mtengo bwino. Mitundu ina yothetsera vutoli imapangitsa kuti ntchito izi zisamangoteteza mtengo, komanso kudya kwake monga mwachitsanzo, kusakaniza ndi mandimu ndi mullein kapena kusakaniza dongo ndi phulusa ndi mullein. Zonsezi zimakhala zosakanikirana ndi kuwonjezera madzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito burashi pamtengo ndi zigoba za mtengo.
Komanso, ndi zofunika yamatcheri akukulunga kuika "malaya akunja" omwe sungateteze mtengo wokha ndi chisanu, komanso kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa makungwa ndi makoswe ang'ono ndi aakulu. Monga zipangizo za "chovala" mungagwiritsire ntchito mapepala apamwamba, pepala, nsalu zakale ndi pini, komanso nthambi za spruce, zomwe zimamangiriridwa ku tsinde la mtengo. N'zosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito udzu pamene umakopa makoswe, omwe amakonda kukhala mmenemo.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Apa ife tikubwera ku vuto lalikulu la chisamaliro cha yamatcheri. Izi ndi tizirombo ndi matenda a mtengo. Kutemberera kwakukuru pakuti kukongola ndi mbalame, sizomwe zilizonse zomwe makolo athu adatcha mtengo uwu "mbalame yamatcheri". Mbalame zimatha kuwononga mbewu zambiri mkati mwa ora limodzi, makamaka ngati mtengo uli wautali ndipo n'zosatheka kuchotsa zipatso zam'mwamba mofulumira.
Kwa zaka mazana angapo, wamaluwa akubwera ndi njira zotetezera masautso a mapiko - izi zinyama zowakulungidwa, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zozizira zozizira, ndi ziphuphu zomwe zimapanga phokoso losatha. Koma zonsezi sizinapereke zotsatira zamuyaya.
Koposa zonse, kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde pobisa korona wamtengo watsimikizira. Zili zowala komanso zosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito, kuphatikizapo, zimateteza chitetezo chonse. Tsabola yamatope Leningrad wakuda ndiwopewera kwambiri kwa tizirombo ndi matenda. Koma ngati mutha kuona chinachake pa thunthu, ndimatha kuchotsa izo mosavuta ndikuchiza mtengo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kutentha kwambiri kwa mpweya kapena mpweya wambiri mlengalenga kumathandiza pa chitukuko matenda a fungal. Izi zikuphatikizapo moniliosis ndi coccomycosis. Yoyamba imadziwika ndi oyambirira abscission wa masamba, kuyanika kwa maluwa ndi nthambi, makwinya ndi kuyanika kwa zipatso.
Yachiŵiri - imakhala yaikulu kwambiri pamasamba, omwe, ngati ali ndi kachilomboka, amakhala ndi mawanga ofiira ochepa, omwe pakapita nthawi amawonjezeka ndikuphatikizana. Kuchiza mtengo kuchokera ku matenda a fungalini kudzathandiza ulimi wothirira ndi fungicides ndipo, ndithudi, kuchotsa ndi kuthetsa kwathunthu nthambi za matenda, masamba ndi zipatso.
Cherry yamakono Leningrad wakuda ndi kusankha kosangalatsa kwa munda wanu. Komabe, wina sayenera kuiwala kuti zipatso zazikulu ndi mitengo yathanzi sizomwe zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri pazoganiziridwa zosiyanasiyana, koma komanso zipatso za ntchito yolimbika komanso yosamala ya munda wachikondi.
