Zosiyanasiyana za mphesa zotchedwa "Laura" akhala akukonda kwambiri mafani ambiri a viticulture.
Masango ake okongola kwambiri ndipo akufunsidwa kuti achotsedwe ku nthambi za kuthengo ndipo nthawi yomweyo anayesa.
"Laura" ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yambiri ya amber mphesa, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapezeka pamsika komanso m'nyumba zachilimwe.
Odziwa bwino wamaluwa amadziwa izi zosiyanasiyana pansi pa wina, wamng'ono, dzina - "Flora".
Ndizo za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa yololera ndipo tidzakulangizani pansipa, ndipo tisayiwale kugawana zomwe zimachitikira akatswiri pakulima ndi kulima mipesa.
Timagawana zinsinsi zazikulu zogwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana za amalonda a Laura pakati pa wamaluwa
Zosiyanasiyanazi zinapangidwa ndi asayansi a ku Ukraine a Odessa Institute, omwe anakwanitsa kuwoloka mitundu ina ya mphesa. Makamaka, poyamba mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotchedwa "Muscat de Saint-Valle" inali ndi mungu wosiyanasiyana ndi "Muscat wa Hambourg" ndi "Husayne", ndipo zotsatira zake zidakutsanso ndi "Queen of Tairovskaya" mphesa.
Zithunzi zosiyana za mphesa zabwino kwambiri "Laura"
Mitundu ya mphesa ya Laura ikhoza kudzitamandira masango akuluakulu, omwe panthaŵi ya kukhwima kosasuntha amatha kufika pa kilogalamu imodzi. Kwa mphesa, ziwerengerozi ndizomwe zili pamwamba, makamaka pamene mukuziganizira chiwerengero cha akatswiri a mphesa anali pafupifupi 2.4 kilograms. Choncho, pafupifupi kutalika kwa gulu la mphesa za zosiyanazi ndizochititsa chidwi - ndizofanana ndi masentimita 40.
Maonekedwe a masango nthawi zambiri amapezeka kuti akugwedezeka, ndi osakanikirana kapena osasunthika. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti zofunikira za mapangidwe a gulu la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Lora zimadalira kwambiri mphamvu ya kukula kwa chitsamba komanso momwe mazira a mphesa amawonetsera bwino.
Zipatso za mphesa za kalasi iyi zimayenderana ndi masango akuluakulu. Choncho, Kuchuluka kwa mphesa "Laura" ndi 8-9 magalamu. Mwabwino, zipatsozo zimatha kufika pamtunda wa magalamu 12. Iwo amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a oval-oblong. Kutalika kwa mabulosi kungakhale pafupifupi masentimita 4.
Maonekedwe a zipatso ndi okongola kwambiri. Mtundu wawo umakhala woyera, wokhala ndi chobiriwira chobiriwira, chomwe chimapangitsa mphesa "Laura" kukhala amber. Kutentha kwa dzuwa kungayambitse kutentha kwa dzuwa pambali imodzi ya mabulosi. Khungu la mabulosi lili ndi utsi wochepa wa sera.
Mitengo ya mphesa "Laura" imadziwika ndi kuchulukitsitsa ndi juiciness, kukhalapo kwa mbewu zingapo. Kukoma kwa mitundu iyi ya mphesa ndi yolemera kwambiri komanso yokondweretsa, ikufanana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa ya ku Central Asia, yomwe imawonetsedwa mu kukoma kwa muscat.
Kawirikawiri, shuga wokhala ndi mafuta onunkhira omwe amapangidwa ndi mankhwala a mphesa ndi okwera kwambiri. Motero, pafupifupi, shuga wokhudzana ndi zipatso za mphesazo ndi ofanana ndi 20% mwa mankhwala ena, ndi acidity ya chipatso cha 6-8 g / l. Komabe, mikhalidwe ikukula ya mphesa za mitundu iyi ingakhudze kwambiri ubwino wa zipatso, mwabwino kuti azichepetsa kukoma kwawo.
Kugwiritsira ntchito mitundu ya mphesa "Laura" nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito. Ndizoyenera kwambiri kuti zikhale zatsopano. Koma pakukonzekera ndizoyenera - anthu ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amalima izi mosiyana kumbuyo kwawo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana pa winemaking.
Zosiyana za chitsamba ndi zipatso za mphesa "Laura"
Chitsamba cha mphesa "Laura" chimakula kwambiri. Pa chitsamba china akhoza kukhala pafupi maso 40-50. Panthawi ya fruiting chitsamba chimalowa mwamsanga mutabzala kapena katemera - kwa zaka 2-3. Mphukira ya mphesa imakula kwambiri, ndipo ambiri (pafupifupi 60-80%) ndi oyenera fruiting.
Pa mphukira imodzi, masango a mphesa okwana 0.9-1.3 amapangidwa moyenerera, omwe amapereka kwambiri mkulu zokolola za zosiyanasiyana.
Makulu amawoneka pa mphukira ndi maso angapo. Maluwa a mphesa amakhala ndi akazi okhawo, kotero, kuti apeze zokolola ayenera kukhala mungu wochokera ku mungu kuchokera ku mitundu ina ya mphesa.
Ndikoyenera kumvetsera zina zapadera za fruiting ndi nthawi yakucha ya mphesa za mphesa za zosiyanasiyana "Laura". Kawirikawiri, masango ambiri angapangidwe pa chitsamba chachikulu. Komabe, ndi kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero chawo, zolemera zawo zonse zimachepa. Choncho, ali ndi masitepe oposa 40-45 masango, kulemera kwake kungakhale 2-3 peresenti kusiyana ndi mtengo wapatali, ndi hafu ya kilogalamu imodzi.
Choncho, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri Mphesayi imabuka kwambiri kumayambiriro, pafupifupi masiku 110-120 masiku a zomera, ndi mphesa zambiri ndipo nthawi yokolola ikuchedwa. Choncho, ndi zokolola zomwe zimasonyezedwa, kuphulika kwa mphesa kumayamba kokha kumapeto kwa mphesa, pamodzi ndi mitundu ya sing'anga ndi yotsiriza. Komanso, zotsatira za mapangidwe olemera kwambiri a magulu angakhale kuti chaka chotsatira chitsamba chikhoza kutaya kwathunthu ovary.
Ndiponso, nthawi zambiri ngakhale pa tchire lalikulu kwambiri, mphesa 15-18 zokha zimatha kumangirizidwa. Pachifukwa ichi, kukula kwawo kumabwera mwezi usanakhale wamba - mu August. Masango amenewa adzakhala aakulu kwambiri, omwe angapereke ndalama zochepa kwa mbewu. Komabe, kusungunuka kotereku kungachititse kuti chitsamba chilowerenso nyengo yokulira chisanafike.
Izi siziyenera kuloledwa kugawikana. Choncho, zizindikiro za mapangidwe a zokololazi ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kwambiri ndikuyesera kukhalabe ndibwino kwambiri pa katundu wa chitsamba cha mphesa - pafupi 23-27 mphesa. Pa nthawi yomweyo, nkofunika kwambiri kuti pafupifupi 30 peresenti ya osakwatira, osakhala fruiting mphukira ali pamtunda.
Ubwino waukulu wa mphesa zosiyanasiyana "Laura"
Ngakhale kukula kwa mphesa, zipatso za kalasiyi ndizofunikira kwambiri paulendo komanso kutalika kwa alumali. Kuwonjezera apo, zipatso zipse mofulumira komanso kukhala ndi kukoma kwakukulu.
Komanso, m'madera ambiri, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa ya Laura imakhala yosasinthasintha. Izi zimatanthawuza makamaka kukaniza kwa mphesa kutsogolo kwa imvi zowola ndi kuti zipatso zimatha kulekerera mkulu chinyezi popanda kupuntha bwino. Pali kuteteza kwakukulu kwa matenda a fungal, omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri pamipesa.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, chitsamba cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana chimalolera ngakhale kutentha kwakukulu: sizikukhudzidwa kwambiri ngati kutsika kwa thermometer ku -21-23ºє, ngakhale kuti njira zotetezera zidakali zofunikira kutenga.
Mtengo wabwino wa mphesa "Laura" ndikuti masangowo amawoneka bwino kwambiri pa mphukira za chitsamba. Choncho, ngakhale ndi zokolola zochuluka ndipo pambuyo poyambira kuchoka kwa mphesa, sizikutha.
Kuipa kwa mphesa "Laura": kodi ndi bwino kuwamvetsera?
Ngakhale pali zovuta zochepa pazinthu zosiyanasiyanazi, siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa, chifukwa zingathe kugonjetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya aliyense. Choncho, nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti kukoma kwa mphesa kumachepetsedwa, zipatso zimakhala zosavuta kuposa nthawi zonse. Chifukwa cha ichi chikhoza kukhala chitsamba cholimba cha mphesa (ndipo makamaka cholimba ndi chachikulu chogulitsa, kumene kudula mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Lora yasonkhanitsidwa), chilimwe chozizira ndi chimvula.
Choncho, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa chiwerengero cha masango ndikuwongolera kuwerengero lovomerezeka. Kukula kwakukulu kwa zipatso ndikuti nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi mildew. Ndiponso, chifukwa cha shuga wambiri mumapangidwe ake, n'kosatheka kulingalira gulu la "Laura" popanda mavu.
Chimene mukufunikira kudziwa kuti muzitsatira mphesa "Laura"
Kuti mphesa zikule bwino ndikukhala ndi zipatso zabwino, maonekedwe ambiri ayenera kuganiziridwa. Makamaka:
- Nthaka yobzala mphesa "Laura" ikhoza kukhala yina, kupatula dongo komanso ndi mchere wambiri. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mphesa kumene madzi akumwa ali pafupi kwambiri ndi nthaka.
- Chifukwa chodzala zipatso za mphesa ndi bwino kusankha malo omwe amawala bwino ndi dzuwa osati kuwombedwa ndi ma drafts.
- Lushe kokha mphesa zimakula ndikubala chipatso m'madera akum'mwera. M'katikati ndi kumpoto kwambiri ndi bwino kulima pafupi ndi khoma kapena mipanda, kuti dzuwa liwonekere kumagwa mphesa.
Kodi ndi liti komanso momwe mungabzalitse chitsamba champhesa?
Nthaŵi yabwino yobzala mphesa kum'mwera ndi nthawi kuyambira October mpaka March. M'madera otentha, chomera mbewu za mphesa kapena chomera chomera bwino m'chaka. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mutabzala kutentha kwa mlengalenga sizomwe ndifupi ndi 15ºС, ndipo kutentha kwa nthaka kuli pafupi 10ºє.
Kubzala mphesa kumapangidwa ndi kuthandizidwa ndi mapuloteni, kapena kukulumikiza zipatso pamtengo wakale. Ngakhale kuti kubzala ndi mbande kumaonedwa kuti ndi kophweka komanso kosavuta, chifukwa chophatikizidwa, mukhoza kupeza zokolola zoyamba mofulumira kwambiri. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti pamene akuphatikizira kudula munthu wamkulu ndi mizu yomwe yayamba kale, imatha kulandira zakudya zambiri ndikukula mofulumira.
Kubzala mphesa "Laura" sapling - malangizo akulu
Kubzala mphesa pogwiritsa ntchito mbande ndi kofunika kukonzekera dzenje pasadakhale. Kuthira kwake kuyenera kukhala kawiri kukula kwa mizu ya mmera, kotero kuti ngakhale feteleza ikhoza kuthiridwa pansi. Sizingatheke kudzaza feteleza mwanjira iyi, ndi bwino kusakaniza ndi nthaka yachonde yomwe imakumbidwa kuchokera mu dzenje lomwelo.
Mtunda wa pakati pa mbande ukhale wosachepera 1-1.5 mamita. Kuchokera kumbali kapena khoma muyenera kuthamanga ndi masentimita 40. Ngati mmera umabzala momasuka, ndiye kuti mtunda wa pakati pa tchire ndi mzere wa tchire uyenera kukhala osachepera 1.5 mamita.
Mphesa yamphesa imabzalidwa pamwamba pa phiri lodzaza ndi feteleza, pambuyo pa masabata awiri kapena atatu. Ndikofunika kuti malo ophatikizidwa a mmera akhale pamwamba pa nthaka masentimita 10. Ndikofunika kudzaza sapling pang'onopang'ono ndi pang'onopang'ono, mosamalitsa kudzaza dzenje ndi nthaka yosakaniza ndi feteleza mchere.
Pambuyo pa dzenje likugona, ndikofunikira kulimbikitsa nthaka ndi kumanga chilimbikitso pafupi ndi dzenje (pakuti mphesa ndi shrub zomwe sizingakhoze kukula pandekha, ndipo popanda kuthandizira zimayenda pansi). Pambuyo kuthirira, mphesa ziyenera kuthiriridwa, ndipo nthaka yozungulira nyemba imayendetsedwa.
Kudzala Laura chitsamba cha mphesa pozumikizanitsa
Ngati pa webusaiti yanu muli kale chitsamba chakale cha mphesa chomwe mwakhala mukudyetsa kale, mukhoza kusindikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Laura" pamtengo wake. Pakuti izi ndi zofunika kwambiri:
- Konzekerani ndikuwonetseratu kudula kwake pasadakhaleko kuti chikhale cholimba. Komanso, kuti muwone bwino kuyambitsa rooting musanatengere, ndikofunika kuigwira m'madzi ndikuiikamo kwa mphindi pang'ono mu njira ya "Humate".
- Phesi imayenera kudulidwa ndi khola kuti ikhale yotsamira pa thunthu.
- Choncho, shtamb ya chitsamba chakale iyenera kugawidwa bwino, kotero kuti kudula kungathe kukwaniritsa (zingapo zing'onozing'ono zingathe kuphatikizidwa pa imodzi).
- Atayika tsinde pamagawo a tsinde, iyenera kumvedwa bwino kuti tsinde lizikhala mofulumira komanso bwino. Pachifukwachi, chimamangirizidwa ndi nsalu yolimba ya thonje. Ngati
- inoculation imachitika m'nyengo yozizira, ndiye mmerawo uyenera kupangidwa ndi dongo ndi okulirovat pogwiritsa ntchito nthaka.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za mankhwala ndi kupewa matenda a mpesa
Phunzirani malamulo ofunika kusamalira mphesa "Laura"
- Kuthirira mpesa kumafuna nthawi zonse ndi nthawi zonse. Makamaka ankafuna kuthirira tchire zomwe zinabzalidwa pafupi ndi khoma. Kuchita kuthirira kuli mupadera wamakono a pulasitiki omwe anakumba pamtunda wa mizu ya chitsamba. Kuthirira pansi pa shtamb kuli koopsa kwambiri, chifukwa mizu pafupi ndi thumba sungakhoze kuyamwa madzi. Kuchuluka kwa madzi ofunika ndi chitsamba cha mphesa ali wamng'ono ali 30 malita, mu munthu wamkulu komanso pamene fruiting - pafupifupi 60 malita.
- Kusunga chinyezi m'nthaka kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuthandiza kwambiri mizu ya mpesa, ndikofunika kuti mulch. Pochita izi, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza, zomwe zidzameretsanso nthaka. Mzere wothandizidwa ndi kompositi ayenera kuika pafupifupi masentimita atatu. Kuwombera bwino kumapangidwa kokha kugwa ndipo kasupe kokha. M'nyengo yotentha, mulching ikhoza kuyambitsa nthaka ndi mizu ya mphesa.
- Yolani Kusunga chitsamba cha mphesa kudzateteza ku zotsatira za nyengo zovuta. Mnyamata, yemwe amangobzala shrub akhoza kukhala wophimbidwa ndi dothi, motero amapulumuka ku chisanu ndi makoswe. Mitengo yakale imatetezedwa ndi mulching ndi hay ntchito.
- M'zaka zoyambirira zitatha kudulira mphesa chitsamba "Laura" sizinapangidwe. Koma, pamodzi ndi kulowa mu fruiting nthawi, ndikofunika kuti izi zitheke nthawi zonse m'dzinja. Ndikofunika kuti mupange kupereka zitatu kapena zinayi zoyambira, zomwe zidzakwaniridwe mu makulidwe. M'dzinja lirilonse ndikofunika kuti tipewe mphukira zazing'ono kuti zisamaundane m'nyengo yozizira. Komanso, m'pofunika kuchotsa kwathunthu mphukira zachisamba cha mphesa, zomwe zimauma ndipo sizibala zipatso zonse. Dulani kwambiri mphesa "Laura" sangathe, chifukwa mungathe kuletsa kukula kwawo. Kusiya mphukira zambiri sikuli koyenera, sizingatheke kuti pakupanga masango, khalidwe la mphesa lidzatsika ndipo likhoza kutha ngakhale chaka chimodzi.
- Dyetsani mphesa "Laura" ayenera kukhala nthawi zonsekoma osati zambiri. Amayankha bwino feteleza. Ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito feteleza zamchere, zomwe zimatha kusintha kukula kwa chitsamba ndi mphesa. Pofuna kuthetsa kusowa kwa magnesium, m'pofunikira kupopera chitsamba ndi magnesium sulphate muyeso wa magalamu 250 a mankhwala pa 10 malita a madzi.
- Popeza kaŵirikaŵiri Laura mphesa amavutika ndi chimfine, pamene zizindikiro za mpesa zimagonjetsedwa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndizofunikira. ntchito ndi bordeaux fluid. Komanso, mphesa za mphesa, makamaka ukalamba, zingakhudzidwe ndi kukula kwa m'dzinja. Pankhaniyi, kuchoka ku chitsamba sikofunika. Ndi bwino kukumba ndikuwotcha. Nthaka iyeneranso kuthirizidwira, mwinamwake kugonjetsedwa kudzabweranso.
