Maapulo awa amapezeka m'minda yathu pakati pa oyambirira, ndipo izi zimakonda kwambiri anthu.
Yowutsa mudyo komanso onunkhira, Mwana wamkazi wa Papias anaposa makolo ake osati mwa kulawa.
Amaopa kwambiri chisanu ndi matenda.
Ngati simungathe kulingalira munda wanu popanda maapulo oyambirira a chilimwe, onetsetsani kuti mutenge mtengo umodzi wa zodabwitsa izi, kupatulapo zokongola mitundu yodzichepetsa.
Ndi mtundu wanji umene ukutanthauza
Nyengo zosiyanasiyana maapulo Madera akutali a mbali ya Ulaya ya Russia.
Mitengo ya chilimwe imaphatikizapo: Apulo Mpulumutsi, Kutsanulira Bely, Yandykovskoe, Gorno-Altaiskoye, Gornist, Malinovka, Hero of the Day, Terentyevka, Silver Hoof, Solntsedar, Yuzhny, Wodabwitsa, Yuzhny, Krasnoe kale, Chilimwe Chokhazikika, Ubwenzi wa Anthu, Mwana wamkazi wa Melba.
Kuwongolera
Monga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavitamini yabwino ya Papirovka, komanso Chiwonongeko, Grushovka Moscow, Borovinka, July Chernenko.
Pofuna kuyendetsa mungu ndi kupeza zipatso zabwino za mitengo ya apulo. pa mtunda wosapitirira 50 mamita kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana Daughter Papirovki
Ganizirani mosiyana mawonekedwe a mtengo ndi zipatso.
Mitengo ya sing'anga mpaka wamtali, kufika mamita 7-8 mu msinkhuwamphamvu ndi koronadi yaikulu ya pyramidal kapena bristle korona. Ntchentche zimakula pamakona akuluakulu pambali pa thunthu, imakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira.
Mphukira ndi yolunjika, kuchokera ku bulauni yofiira mpaka imvi-bulauni, sing'anga-yamkati. La lamina ndi yowonjezera, yophimba, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi dzenje pamtima.
Masambawo ndi obiriwira mumdima, ophatikizidwa pamzere wapakati ndi ophwanyika pang'ono. Pamwamba pa masambawo muli makwinya, pakati pa mitsempha imakhala ndi chidziwitso ndi kugometsa.
Mphepete mwa masamba ndiwong'onong'onong'ono, nkhwangwa. Maonekedwewo, masamba ali ofanana ndi Anis, koma amasiyana nawo mu kukula kwakukulu ndi kukhalapo kwa luntha. Mapesiwa ndi obiriwira komanso ochepa.
Mbande ndi otsika, mphukira ndi mtundu wofiira-bulauni. Maonekedwe a mphukira zapamwamba ndi 45-60º. Masamba amakula pamtunda wa 90º mpaka tsinde. Mbande nthawi zambiri amamezanitsidwa pamtengo wamtengo wapatali.
Zipatso kukula kwapakati, pafupi ndi yaing'ono (80-100 g), kawirikawiri yaikulu, mu mawonekedwe akhoza kukhala kuzungulira, conical, flattened. Pamwamba ali ndi nthiti zachinsinsi.
Pamwamba pa maapulo, nthawi zina kotenga nthawi shovchik. Msuzi ndi wawung'ono, wopapatiza, wophika.
Mphunoyi ndi yopapatiza, yotsekedwa. Kutalika ndi makulidwe a tsinde ndizochepa, tsinde limayima pamtunda.
Chisa cha mbewu kuchokera ku sing'anga mpaka kukula kwakukulu, kuikidwa pakati pa apulo kapena pang'ono kusunthira pamwamba. Zipinda zambewu zimatha kutsekedwa komanso theka lotseguka.
Mtundu wa maapulo kuchokera kubiriwira mpaka ku chikasu. Zipatso zokhwima mokwanira zimakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu. Wodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa ambiri otchulidwa bwino, mwachilungamo lalikulu zazikulu zooneka pansi pamutu zomwe zikufanana ndi Papiro.
M'tsiku lowala pa maapulo wooneka ngati golide. Mtundu wophimba umasoweka. Khungu la chipatso ndi lolimba. Thupi ndi loyera, lachikasu pang'ono, lofewa ndi yowutsa mudyo, zonunkhira. Sungulumani pang'ono, koma ndiwopsya kuposa Papy. Kulawa kwa maapulo zokoma zokoma ndi zowawa.
Chithunzi
Mbiri yobereka
Zosiyanasiyana zinapezeka mu 1937 ku ofesi ya kuyesera ya Kuibyshev munda mwa kudutsa Anisa Scarlet ndi Mapepala, pakali pano akulembetsa boma Madera a Samara ndi Ulyanovsk. Wolemba wa zosiyanasiyanazi ndi Soviet. wofalitsa S.P. Mkungudza. Sapling inayamba kubereka zipatso mu 1947. Mitundu yatsopano kupitirira Papia mu kukoma ndi chisanu kukana.
Chigawo chokula
Zosiyanasiyana zapangidwa ku Samara, ku Ulyanovsk ndi ku Orenburg. Yakulira kale Madera a Middle Volga ndi Ural.
Mtengo wa Mtengo wa Apple Mtengo wa Papiroka umakhala ndi nyengo yozizira yambiri yozizira komanso yowonongeka ndipo akhoza kulangizidwa kumadera okhala ndi nyengo zowawa, kuphatikizapo Leningrad, Vologda, Pskov ndi Novgorodkuphatikizapo Valdai Hills.
Kum'mwera madera, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imadziwika ndi mkulu wokolola komanso wabwino kwambiri, kumpoto, zokolola ndizochepa, zipatso ndizochepa, kukoma kumakhala bwino.
Mitundu yotsatira ya mtengo wa apulo ndi yabwino kubzala m'madera awa: Imrus, Antey, Cinnamon Striped, Cliff, Young Naturalist, Cinnamon Novoe, Quinti, Snow Calvil, Pepin Saffron, Rennet Simirenko, Uspenskoe, Rennet Chernenko, Zhigulevskoe, Zvezdochka, Anis Striped.
Pereka
Kalasiyo imasiyana mosiyana ndi fructification oyambirira - kwa 3-5 chaka ndi zipatso zabwino. Mwana wamkazi wa Papirova amatanthauza kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maapulo.
Kum'mwera zigawo zipatso zipse kale mu theka lachiwiri la July, m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia - kumapeto kwa August. Zonse ziwiri ndi zaka zitatu zakubadwa nthambi ndi zipatso zimapatsa zipatso.
Mitengo yaing'ono (zaka 8-11) pafupipafupi Zaka 4 zokolola makumi asanu ndi limodzi (62) aliwonse pa hekitala (50 makilogalamu a mtengo umodzi), ndipo mtengo wochuluka wa fruiting wa mitengo ya apulo umabwera ali ndi zaka 15-16 ndikufikira Anthu mazana asanu ndi limodzi pa hekitala kumadera akummwera.
Mitengo yaing'ono kubereka zipatso chaka chilichonse. Zipatso zipsa nthawi imodzi, pafupifupi sizinathamangitsidwe. Kuchotsa kumaperekedwa mu chimodzi kapena ziwiri zovomerezeka. Zipatsozi ndizowonongeka, zoonongeka mosavuta akakolola ndikusowa kusamala mosamala.
Maapulo khalani ndi maulendo aifupi - mpaka masabata awiri pafupifupi osayendetsa.
Mu chipatso chosungirako mafakitale akhoza kukhala mpaka mwezi umodziKomabe, kunyumba n'kovuta kusunga kutentha.
Kawirikawiri, maapulo a chilimwe samasungidwa, koma nthawi yomweyo amadya kapena kusinthidwa. Ngati mukufunabe kusunga, mungathe kupaka maapulo atsopano mu mitsuko itatu ya magalasi kapena kuwapaka m'thumba la pulasitiki, kumangiriza ndi kuika kuzizira.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Kulima kwa Apple kumachitika nyengo yotengera molingana ndi dongosolo lomwelo.
Mungathe kulima mitengo ndi m'dzinja, koma pasanathe mwezi umodzi chisanayambe chisanu. Kugula mbande ndi bwino kumalo osungirako malo.
Izi zimatsimikizira kuti mtengo wa apulo umasinthidwa ndi nyengo. Wamng'ono mmera, ndi bwino. Ndizabwino ngati mtengo ukugwiritsidwa mwachindunji pa kugula: njira iyi mudzatha kuonetsetsa kuti yakula muzinyamwali izi.
Musanatenge mizu, onetsetsani ndi moss, nsalu yonyowa kapena pepala ndi kukulunga mu pulasitiki kuti asunge chinyezi.
Ngati mugula nyemba mu chidebe, yang'anani kuchokera pansi ndipo onetsetsani kuti pali mizu yaying'ono yomwe imatuluka kunja.
Mtunda pakati pa mitengo m'munda uyenera kukhala osachepera 4-6 mamita.
Kukula bwino ndi kukula kwa mitengo ya apulo, kubzala pa nthaka yopanda ndale, ndibwino kwambiri. ali ndi potaziyamu ndi zinthu zamoyo.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yamtendere mokwanira. Malo okwera malo osungunuka amatha kukonzekera pasanafike, nthawi ya masika ikadzadutsa malowa akukonzekera m'dzinja. Ngati dothi liri lachonde, mitengo imabzalidwa mumenje.
Pa loams, mchenga maluwa, ndi chernozems, ndikwanira kuchotsa pamwamba wosanjikiza wa dziko lapansi Pangani phokoso mu 15-20 masentimita. Pa dothi lamchenga, m'malo mwake, konzekerani lalikulu lalikulu dzenje pafupifupi 80 masentimita akuya ikani mchere mkati mwake kuti muteteze chinyezi ndi zakudya ndikuphimba ndi nthaka yachonde.
Pachifukwa ichi, kubzala mitengo ya apulo kumachitika chaka chamawa, ndi kulengeza koyenera kwa feteleza mchere (koma feteleza wamchere, monga manyowa atsopano, sangathe kuwonjezeka mwachindunji pakubzala, izi zingachititse kutentha).
Mu dothi la mchenga, mchenga ndi podzolic pa kubzala komanso kupanga organic feteleza - kompositi, humus kapena mbola yovunda. Kuphika, peat, komanso madera omwe ali pafupi ndi mamita 1, sali abwino kwa mitengo ya apulo. Pankhaniyi, mitengo ya apulo imabzalidwa pamtunda wa phiri.
Kutulutsa zokolola pogwiritsa ntchito msomaliyomwe imayendetsedwa pakatikati pa dzenje. Sapling imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamphepete, mizu yowongoledwa bwino ndi pang'onopang'ono yokutidwa ndi dziko lapansi.
Musamabzala mtengo kwambiri, umapweteka kukula kwake ndipo ungayambitse imfa.
Muzu wa khosi uyenera kukhala 3-5 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka.
Kufika pamtunda kungakonzedwe mwa kudzaza pansi kuzungulira thunthu ngati mawonekedwe.
Mutangoyamba kubzala, mmerawo umangokhala womangirira kuthirira madzi ndi zitsamba 1-2 mosasamala nyengo. Kwa ulimi wothirira pamphepete mwa dzenje mumapanga dzenje. Pambuyo pa nthaka, mtengowo umasamalidwa mosamala, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zitatu.
Mitengo ya Apple, makamaka zaka zoyambirira za chitukuko, ndi kofunika kuti muzitha kuthirira nthawi zonse.
Choyamba chimakhudza madera owuma. Pofuna kusunga chinyezi, dothi likulumikizidwa ndi utuchi, makungwa, manyowa kapena filimu yakuda.
M'chaka mitengo ya apulo imatsuka pofuna kupewa kutentha kwa dzuwa.
Pakati pa kudulira kasupe chotsani nthambi zowuma. Sikoyenera kuvulaza mtengo panthawiyi, popeza kutuluka kwa madzi kumatha kuyambitsa nthambi.
Mapangidwe a korona amachitika bwino mu kugwa.
Pachifukwa ichi, kuchepetsa ndi kupukuta nthambi kumapangidwa.
Chotsani nthambi zowuma, mphukira zomwe zimasokonezana wina ndi mzake, kuchotsani mbali zowonjezera za korona.
Malamulo onse pamene akudulira: Chotsani mpikisano ndi thunthu lalikulu, nthambi zowonjezera bwino, zikuchoka mopanda malire.
Gawo lachivundikiro cha munda.
Zambiri kudulira ndi osafunika, monga zikupita kuwonjezeka kukula kwa achinyamata mphukira.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Zipatso ndi masamba a mitundu yambiri ya a Paprika ali kusakanikirana kofiira ndi matenda ena a fungal. Kalasi iyi mu osatengeka ndi matenda poyerekeza ndi Papirova, komanso amafunikanso kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Scab amawoneka ngati mawanga wakuda ndi kukula komwe kumawonekera pamasamba, ndikupita ku chipatso. Kukula kwa matenda osasangalatsawa kumapangitsa kuti mvula imagwa.
Pafupi ndi pakati pa mitengo ya apulo, matendawa amafalikira mofulumira, akuyenda kuchokera pamtengo kupita ku wina. Kuteteza motsutsana ndi nkhanambo, Muzitsuka nthawi zonse mitengo yokonzekera.
Chimodzi mwa zabwino kwambiri ndi: "Garden Garden", "Chikoka", "Zircon".
Ichi ndi mbadwo watsopano wa zinthu zamoyo, zopanda phindu kwa anthu.
Olefuka kwambiri gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala othandizira kwambiri monga mankhwala "Nitrofen" ndi ziphe zina zomwe zimaletsedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kumunda wamunda ndi pafupi ndi malo okhala.
Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timatchera m'mphepete mwa mitengo, kuyera kumakhala kukugwa m'nyengo yozizira.
Chochitikachi ndi chofunika kwambiri kuti chikhale m'madera akummwera, komanso kumadera komwe kuli nyengo yachisanu.
Zopindulitsa zazikulu zosiyanasiyana za Mtsikana wa Paprika ndizo oyambirira fruiting, mkulu zokolola ndi nyengo yozizira hardiness. Maapulo ndi okoma kwambiri komanso owometsera poyerekeza ndi Papirovka, koma ang'onoang'ono.
Zoipa zikuphatikizapo kukula kochepa kwa zipatso pa zokolola zambiri osakaniza kukana nkhanambo.
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