M'dzinja mpesa umafuna kusamala kwambiri.
Zapereka kale mphamvu zake zonse ku kucha kwa mbewu, ndipo ntchito yaikulu ya wolimayo ndi kukonzekera bwino nyengo yopuma.
Ndithudi, mwamvapo kambirimbiri kuti m'madera amodzi mphesa zinatha, ndipo m'madera oyandikana nawo panali nyengo yozizira.
Nchifukwa chiyani chimadalira, makamaka, pa zosiyanasiyana? Ayi, osati kokha. Momwe ntchito yabwino idzakhalire m'munda wamphesa m'dzinja, kotero khama la wolima lidzapindula.
Koma chochita ndi olemera okolola okolola mwinamwake sichiyenera kulimbikitsa.
Kotero zofunikira za kusiya mu nyengo ya kugwa ndi kudya, kuthirira, kudulira, kuchiza matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso pogona nyengo yachisanu ya mphesa. Ntchito izi ziyenera kuchitika pachaka komanso ndi luso. Tidzakambirana za izi m'nkhaniyi.
Choyamba pa kuthirira
Monga zipatso zonse za zipatso, mphesa zimafuna kuthirira mochulukira nthawi yakucha. Komabe, ndi ichi, inunso simungathe kuzigonjetsa.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chinyezi panthawi ya mvula yambiri, zipatso za mpesa zimaphulika, zomwe zimachepetsa kukoma kwawo ndi maonekedwe okongola. Kuwonjezera apo, zipatsozi sizikusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, zimayenera kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo ndikupanga juzi kapena kuchoka kuti zizitsuka kuti zipeze vinyo kapena vinyo wosasa.
Pambuyo kukolola mphesa sikuvomerezeka kuti madzi amwe nthawi zambiri, koma, nthaka iyenera kukhala yodzaza ndi chinyezi, chifukwa chokwanira zodzaza mizu ndi bwino kukonzekera chitsamba m'nyengo yozizira.
Musaiwale kuti pa dothi la mchenga tchire tiyenera kuthiriridwa kawiri kawirikawiri, koma ndi pangТono kakang'ono ka madzi, ndi pa heavy clayey, mmalo mosiyana, kuthirira sikungowonjezereka, koma kwambiri.
Nthawi ndi ulimi wa ulimi wothirira zimatsimikiziridwa ndi nyengo yomwe ikukula minda ya mpesa, yomwe imachititsa kutentha ndi kutentha kwa mlengalenga, kukula kwa mphepo, kuya kwa madzi pansi komanso nthawi yoyamba ya chisanu.
Komabe, kulikonse kumene munda wamphesa wabzalidwa, pakati pa autumn ndikofunikira kuti zizitsike nthaka mochuluka ndi chinyezi. Nthawi zina cholinga chimenechi chimakonzekera zochepakotero kuti madzi alowe pansi pa mizu ya chitsamba, ndipo sichisefukira.
Pambuyo kuthirira ndi zofunika kumasula pansi kuzungulira chitsamba pofuna kutuluka bwino kwa mpweya ndi kuteteza chinyezi mmenemo kwa nthawi yaitali. Zochitika zoterezi zimathandiza kuti mtendere wa mphesa ukhale wabwino.
Chachiwiri, feteleza mphesa
Pambuyo kukolola, mpesa umafooka kwambiri, choncho umafuna kudya kwambiri kuti ukhale ndi mphamvu m'nyengo yozizira komanso kuika mphamvu yatsopano ya fruiting yotsatira.
Kuyambira m'dzinja kudyetsa kudalira mdziko la mphesa pambuyo pa chisanu ndi kuchuluka kwa zokolola zomwe mudzasonkhanako kuchokera ku chitsamba kwa nyengo yotsatira. Pofuna kupereka zinthu zonse zofunika, munda wamphesawo umakhala ndi feteleza ndi manyowa - kompositi kapena manyowa ovunda.
Sikoyenera kuchita kukumba nthaka yopatsa. Mukhoza kuletsa kuzungulira m'munsi mwa mphesa.
Potsatira zotsatira zabwino, phulusa la nkhuni limaphatikizidwa ku feteleza. Kuti muwonjezere kashiamu pansi pa malowa, m'pofunika kutsanulira pafupifupi 150 g wa laimu ndikubalalitsa nthaka mozama 20-25 masentimita pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse cha mphesa.
Mphesa wamkulu wa feteleza ayenera kuchitidwa kamodzi pa zaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Ngati chitsamba chimangobzalidwa, ndipo fetereza imagwiritsidwa ntchito, muzaka zinayi zotsatira feteleza sivomerezedwa.
Kodi ndi nthawi yanji komanso momwe mungadyetse munda wamphesa? Wodziwa vinyo wodalirika kamodzi pa zaka zitatu, kumapeto kwa autumn, feteleza imapangidwa ndi feteleza okhala ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Kawirikawiri ndi chisakanizo chokhala ndi 25 g wa superphosphate ndi 25 g wa potaziyamu sulfate pa 1 sq. M.
Komanso, nthaka ili ndi 1 sq.m. pafupi ndi chitsamba champhesa, kutsanulira chisakanizo cha feteleza chokhala ndi 20 g wa superphosphate madzi Tingafinye ndi 10 g wa potashi sitimadzipereka m'madzi.
Pothirira madziwa, dothi liyenera kuthiridwa mozama kwa 20-25mm. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza mu mawonekedwe owuma komanso kukumba pansi. Ngati nthaka yayamba kwambiri ndipo ikufunika zinthu zina zowonjezera, m'pofunika kuwonjezera pafupifupi 2.5 g ya boric acid, 2 g ya zinc sulphate, 5 g wa ammonium molybdate kapena 1 g ya ayodini ya potassium komanso 2.5 g wa manganese sulphate mu chisakanizo ichi.
Kudyetsa mosamala koteroko kudzakhala chinsinsi cha nyengo yozizira yopambana ya mipesa. Kumayambiriro kwa autumn ndikofunika kuti apange zovala zolimbitsa thupi, izi zimathandiza kuti oyambirira azisasitsa mpesa.
Kulima chitsamba chathu mu autumn
Chabwino, apa pali kutembenukira kwa kudulira. Nchifukwa chiyani amavumbulutsira chitsamba kuntchito iyi?
- Pambuyo pa njirayi, chitsamba chimabwezeretsedwanso, ndipo zokolola zimapindulitsa kwambiri kuposa mphesa zosakanizidwa;
- Mbewu imabereka mofulumira kwambiri, chifukwa mphukira ndi yachinyamata komanso kuyamwa kumatuluka bwino;
- kuteteza chisanu;
- chitsamba n'chosavuta kusamalira ndi kuteteza ku chisanu, matenda ndi tizirombo;
- kuteteza kufalikira kwa matenda ndi tizilombo tizilombo tomwe timapitanso kumunda wamphesa mwa kudula matenda ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Kuyambira izi zingatheke pokhapokha mphesa zitagona, ndikoti, masabata angapo masamba onse atagwa m'tchire. Mpaka pano mu mpesa akadali yogwira ntchito ya photosynthesis.
Kusambala kochepa kumayambitsa kuti palibe zakudya zokwanira mu chitsamba cha mphesa kuti zisawonongeke ndi kuzizira. Komabe, alimi ena amaganizira kuyamba kudulira - pakati pa September. Izi makamaka zimadalira nyengo ya dera komanso pafupi ndi chisanu.
Ngati inunso mumangiriza ndikuyamba kudulira pambuyo pa ntchentche yoyamba, ndiye kuti kuyendetsa mpesa kungachoke pamalo osayenera, chifukwa makungwawo amakhala osalimba chifukwa cha kuzizira.
Pa kudulira, poyamba, anachotsa matenda ndi zouma nthambizomwe ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa pamalo amodzi ndikuwotchedwa kuti zisawononge kufalikira kwa matenda a spores ndi tizilombo ta tizilombo tizilombo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ndiye mphukira zowonjezera zimachotsedwa kuti zikhale ndi mawonekedwe abwino a chitsamba. Sitiyenera kuiŵala kuti mpesa uyenera kukhala wosiyana ndi nthambi zabwino zedi ndikupuma zomwe zimapanga ntchito yopangira mphesa.
Pali njira zambiri zowonongolera, zomwe ziyenera kutsatilidwa ngati mukuwopa kuvulaza munda wanu wamphesa ndi zosafunikira.
- Mphukira ziwiri m'munsi mwa mpesa siziyenera kuganiziridwa, sizinakwanire mokwanira;
- Kumayambiriro kwa September mukufuna kudula nthambi zonse zazing'ono kumatale akale. Ndi omwe anafika pa waya, yomwe ili pamtunda wa masentimita 60 kuchokera mu nthaka;
- Nthambi zobiriwira zomwe zinkafika pa waya, zomwe zimapezeka masentimita 30 kuchokera pansi, zimadula pamwamba, zomwe ndi 15% ya utali wonse wa mphukira. Ife timadula mbaliyo ikuwombera, osasiya masamba oposa awiri;
- Pakatikati ya autumn, Oktoba, chipatso cha chipatso chimapangidwa, chokhala ndi mitsempha ya zipatso ndi chimwala cholowa m'malo. Kwa bokosi lake lolondola, ife timatenga mphukira zingapo zazikulu zomwe zinafika pa waya wachiwiri. Timadula pansi, ndikusiya maulendo atatu okha - izi zidzakhala mfundo yowonjezeramo. Mphukira, yomwe ili pamwamba, imadulidwa kotero kuti pafupifupi masamba 6 amakhalabe pa iyo - iyi idzakhala chipatso cha zipatso;
- pakati pa mwezi wa September mphukira zonse zomwe zafikira 20 cm zidulidwa;
- Kuwombera komwe kwakula kuposa masentimita 30 m'litali, kudulidwa ndi 10%;
- mu nthambi za zaka chimodzi, mphukira zonse zowonjezereka zimadulidwa, zokhazo zomwe ziri pambali ya madigiri 90 otsala. Kuti chitsamba cholimba ndi champhamvu chikhale chofunikira kukhala ndi zidutswa zisanu ndi ziwiri za manja awa;
- Pambuyo pake, zouma zouma zimadulidwa.
Malo onse odulidwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chitsamba cha mphesa ndi zofunika kuphimba ndi phula la munda, kuti tipewe njira zowola.
Musapitirire-kuchotsa mwamphamvu kuchotsa. Muyenera kukumbukira nthawi zonse za malo osungirako zinthu, omwe angafunikire kumapeto kwa masika, atatsimikiziranso kuwonongeka kwa chisanu. Pofuna kukonza chitsamba choyenera, ndibwino kusiya masamba ena atatu.
Mu kasupe mawonekedwe a munda ndi potsiriza kusintha.
Kulimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo
Ngati mphesa siziperekedwa ku matenda ndi tizilombo mu kugwa, ndiye kuti adzapita ku wintering ndi "katundu" uyu. Choncho, ndibwino kusamalira thanzi la chitsamba.
Njira yothandizira kwambiri yopangira tsamba ikupopera mankhwala ndi soda-saline yankho.
Kuphika chophimba zosavuta - kwa 1 chidebe cha madzi 10 supuni 10 za mchere + supuni 5 za soda.
Zotsatira zotenthazi zimachokera ku sprayer njira yonse ya chitsamba, kuyambira pansi pamunsi ndi kutha ndi pamwamba pa mpesa. Ndikofunika kuti musaphonye pepala limodzi. Njirayi ikuchitika katatu kapena kanayi pa 15-20 a Oktoba.
Muzipindulitsa zonse zakale za viticulture zomwe zimatchulidwa maluwa yankho la DNOC kapena mankhwala "Nitrofen". Pogulitsa simudzawapeza, chifukwa tsopano ali oletsedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndilamulo.
Pochiza mipesa kuchokera ku matenda ndi spores wa bowa ndi nkhungu, pakalipano, ogulitsa vinyo amagwiritsira ntchito kupopera mankhwala ndi zitsulo zamkuwa ndi zamkuwa. Koma poyamba, chitsamba chiyenera kukonzekera.
Poyambirira, kudulira mwachisawawa kwa mphesa kumachitika. Pambuyo pake, mpesa wonse umakhala pansi ndikukhomedwa.
Musanayambe kukonzekera yankho la ferrous sulfate, mu chiŵerengero cha 400 g wa ufa pa 10 l madzi kapena ndi yankho la mkuwa vitriol (100 g pa 10 l madzi).
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti yankho la mkuwa sulfate liyenera kukhala lotenthapafupifupi madigiri 40-50.
Pokhapokha mutatha kuyanika njira yothetsera vutolo pamtunda, zingakhale zotheka kupitirizabe kusungirako nyengo yozizira.
Kawirikawiri m'minda ya mpesa mumatha kuona masamba omwe ali ndi madontho oyera. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti mpesa unapatsidwa mankhwala a hydrated laimu. Chitetezo choterechi ndi chachilendo chifukwa cha mphamvu zowononga tizirombo ndi nkhungu m'nyengo yozizira, ngakhale panthawi yozizira.
Chophika Chophika - Pangani 1 kg of quicklime mu malita atatu a madzi ndipo kokha pamene kutseka kwa kutsekedwa kwatha, madzi omwe amachotsera madziwa amatha kufika pa malita 10. Mphukira yomwe anaipeza inakonza masamba onse a mphesa. Izi zikhoza kuchitika ndi chithandizo cha osati sprayer, komanso brush, whisk, brush.
Pofuna kupewa kachilombo ka HIV ndi tizirombo ta tchire la mpesa, nthaka pakati pa mizere iyenera kukumba. Chotsatira chake, nyengo yozizira ya mphutsi ndi mbozi ya tizilombo yawonongeka, ndipo chiopsezo cha kufalikira kwa kachilombo kafupika.
Timanyamula mphesa ku chisanu
Ngati mukufuna kuti munda wamphesa uvutike mochepa chifukwa cha chisanu, ziyenera kukhala bwino. Njira za izi ndi zosiyana - kuchoka pang'onopang'ono ndi kukulunga, kuponyera chitsamba pansi pansi.
Pali mitundu ya mphesa yomwe siimasowa zowonjezera kuteteza ku chisanu, koma makamaka zimadalira nyengo ya mpesa ikukula dera. Mazira ozizira angathe kuwononga munda wamphesa.
Kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwambiri ndiko kutentha malo okhala pine ndi nthambi za spruce kapena monga iwo amatchedwa, lapnik. Kupyolera mu chitetezo choterechi chimayenda bwino, chifukwa cha njira zowonongeka ndi kukula kwa matenda sizikuwuka. Kuonjezera apo, nthambi zimasungira chipale chofewa, chomwe chimapanga malo abwino kwa nyengo yozizira.
Nthaŵi yotentha chitsamba m'nyengo yozizira imabwera mwamsanga atatha kudya ndi kudula mpesa kumapeto kwa October - oyambirira November. Ngati mwamsanga kuti muyambe pogona, ndiye kuti mpesa ukhoza kuwonongeka - chifukwa cha kuzizira, makungwawo amakhala osalimba.
Gwiritsani ntchito mawonekedwe a mphesa akuwonetseratu kuti m'nyengo yozizira mpesa ukhoza mosavuta kupukuta ndi kuwaza ndi dziko lapansi popanda chiopsezo chowonongeka. Nthaŵi zina chitsamba chimaphimbidwa, osati kugwa pansi, ndiye chikhoza kudulidwa mosakayikira.
Kuyika ndi polyethylene sikungokhala kovuta, koma kungakhale koopsa kwa mpesa. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu m'nyengo yozizira, chinyezi chimasonkhanitsidwa mkati mwa thumba, chomwe ndi chonchi chabwino kwambiri cha kukula kwa nkhungu, spores wa bowa ndi matenda ena. Mtundu woterewu umapweteka kwambiri kuposa zabwino.
Ndikufuna kukhulupirira kuti mothandizidwa ndi nkhani yathu munda wako wamphesa udzakhala wathanzi komanso wolemera. Monga mukuonera, nzeru zochepa. Chinthu chachikulu ndikutenga ntchito yanu ndi moyo ndikusunga mfundo zina zomwe zimapereka chisamaliro.
