Mbewu ya mphesa yakhala ikudziwikiratu chifukwa cha machiritso ake komanso opindulitsa.
Kuonjezera apo, mpesa wake wokongola mu chilimwe umapereka mthunzi wozizira, wokondweretsa komanso umathandiza kukhazikitsa mtendere ndi chitonthozo pafupi ndi nyumbayo.
Kuti mukhale ndi mtengo wokongola ndi wokongola wa mphesa, m'pofunika kudziwa zosiyanasiyana, zomwe ndizobwino kwambiri.
Komanso zofuna zawo za mitundu yosiyanasiyana (juiciness, sweetness, mtundu ndi kukula kwa mabulosi, mphamvu ya kukula ndi zina).
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Mitundu ya mphesa ya Galahad ndi mtundu wa mphesa, umene unagwiritsidwa ntchito popita mitundu itatu ya mphesa: Zamalonda, Vostorga ndi Vostorga Moskatnogo. Chikhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe osamvetsetsa odyera mawonekedwe a mphesa yosakanizidwa.
Mabungwe
Gulu la Galahad ndi lalikulu kwambiri, lamtengo wapatali, 600-1100 g uliwonse. Zonsezi zili ndi mawonekedwe. Zipatso zazikulu kwambiri za mazira (10-12 g) za Galahad zili zobiriwira zamtundu-wonyezimira, zodzazidwa ndi minofu yamtundu, ndipo zimaphimbidwa ndi khungu lakuda kwambiri. Zokoma za zinthu zosiyanasiyanazi ndi zapamwamba kwambiri, monga zipatso zake zimakhala zokoma osati zowawa.
Pereka
Mitundu ya mphesa ya Galahad ndi yabwino kwambiri. Zili bwino mungu uliwonse chaka chilichonse, zomwe zimakuthandizani kuyamba zipatso zambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mavupu samakonda zipatso za Galahad, ndipo musawawononge. Izi zosiyanasiyana zimabweretsa zokolola zazikulu. Koma pali chinthu chimodzi chofunikira. Fruiting yoyamba ya Galahad, ngakhale ili yochuluka kwambiri, imangokakamizika kuchepetsa mpesa wang'ono. Ndipo kale zokolola zotere zimasonkhanitsidwa kwathunthu.
Kutseka kwa nthawi
Galahad ndi mitundu ya mphesa yomwe ili ndi nthawi yoyamba yakucha. Zimapsa mpaka kumapeto kwa July, mkati mwa miyezi itatu kapena itatu ndi theka kuchokera pamene nthawi yoyamba imatha.
Maluso
Chikhalidwe ichi chimayesedwa kuti ndi chodalirika kwambiri pakati pa mitundu ya mphesa lero. Galahad ndikukula kwambiri ndi matenda, kuphatikizapo fungal, mphesa zosiyanasiyana. Zimagonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo. Mitundu imeneyi ndi yozizira kwambiri, ndipo imalekerera kutentha kwa madigiri -25. Amadzika mizu komanso amakhala ndi mapulaneti apamwamba kwambiri. Zipatso sizikuphulika ndipo sizikuvunda, zomwe zimakupatsani inu kukolola kwathunthu. Zipatso zimaphatikizapo kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake
Kuipa
Mphesa ya Galahad ilibe zopanda pake. Chinthu chokha chomwe chiri chowonekera pa zosiyanasiyanazi ndi chizoloŵezi chogwetsa zipatso zakukolola mphesa.
Zotsatira zofika
Kukonzekera kukwera
Mitundu ya mphesa yobala Galahad ndi mbande ndi cuttings. Ngakhale msipu wake wobiriwira, wozika mizu mu July ndi bambo ake, amayamba mizu. Ndipo amachita izi mwa kuika nthambi za mphesa zong'ambika mumtsuko wodzaza ndi madzi ozizira. Kwa fruiting mipesa, nthambi za mphesa ziyenera kudula chaka ndi 7-8 masamba.
Kubzala mphesa, ndikofunika kudziwa bwino malo omwe akukula. Iyenera kuyatsa bwino, ndipo pafupi ndi iyo sayenera kukula mitengo ikuluikulu, chifukwa imasokoneza malo omwe mukufuna. Pachifukwa ichi, munda wamphesawo sungapangidwe pakati pa munda, ndipo mumusankhire malo otentha, omwe ali kummwera. Mukhoza kudzala chomera ndi pafupi ndi makoma a nyumbayo, pamene mukuchoka pa mamita limodzi ndi theka.
Pakuti chodzala mphesa, nthawi zonse musankhe cuttings ndi anayamba mizu dongosolo. Umboni wa izi ndi kugwa kwachilengedwe kwa masamba kuchokera ku chomera m'dzinja. Zaletsedwa kulola kuyanika kwa mizu ya mbande, ndipo chifukwa cha ichi iwo amangiriridwa ndi wolankhula za dongo. M'nyengo yozizira, chomeracho chimagwedezeka ndi dziko lapansi, ndipo m'madera otere amakhalabe mpaka masika, pamene angabzalidwe pa malo okonzedweratu.
Musanadzalemo, mmerawo umakonzedwa bwino. Pofika pamapeto pake, mizu imatsitsimutsidwa ndi mitsempha yakuthwa, yomwe imayikidwa mu phala. Ngati pali mphukira ziwiri mu mphukira, imodzi yamphamvu imasiyidwa ndipo wofooka amachotsedwa, pamene wamphamvuyo imadulidwa kuwiri kapena zitatu. Tsopano mmera uli wokonzeka kubzala.
Pitani kukabzala mphesa
Mukadzala chomera cha mphesa, m'pofunika kufufuza kukonzekera dzenje. Kudyetsa nkhuku za mitengo yonse ndi mitengo zimakonzedweratu. Choncho, ngati chodzala chikukonzekera kumapeto kwa dzenje, dzenje limakonzedwa mu autumn, pamene kugwa kwadzaza ndi theka la gawo lapansi la nthaka ndi feteleza. Ngati kukwera kuli kovuta kugwa, ndiye kuti kuwonjezeka kumakonzekera m'chilimwe.
Malo omwe adakonzedwa kale, amaletsa kulekanitsa kachilombo ka mbewu pamtunda wokhala pansi.
Pakuti mbande mphesa mphesa akumba Grooves 40-50 cm, pamene kukula kwathunthu kumakhala pafupifupi 80 cm mu volume. Ali mu dzenje la kukula kwake kuti zakudya zitha kutsanulidwa mu kuchuluka kokwanira kukula ndi fruiting yoyamba ya mbewu. Ngati mupangitsa dzenje kukhala laling'ono, zomera zimakula bwino ndikukula pang'onopang'ono. Maonekedwe a dzenje, panthawi imodzimodzi, amakumba mawonekedwe aliwonse (lalikulu, kuzungulira), ziribe kanthu.
Pambuyo pa dzenje ikumbidwa, konzani Kum'dzaza ndi dothi losakaniza. Gawo la dzenje lamadzaza ndi dothi la pamwamba la dothi lomwe linakumbidwa kunja, ndikuliphatikiza ndi mulu wa humus, phulusa ndi superphosphate. Ndipo ngati dothi liri dongo, mchenga umawonjezeredwa mofanana ndi nthaka. Amapangidwira kuti alowe m'thupi. Phulusa ndi humus zimayambira mu kuchuluka kwa ndowa 2-3 pa dzenje.
Ngati nyembazo zimabzalidwa pakangoyamba kumene, nthaka, yomwe ili pansi pa rhizome, imagwirizanitsidwa, kotero kuti patapita nthawi, nthaka ikakhala, mizu siimphwa. Timayika mmera kuti mizu izikhala 30-40 masentimita, ndikuziwaza pa masentimita 10 ndi nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa mizu, kenako timadzaza dzenje ndi nthaka yomwe imachotsedwa.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nthawi zonse timaphatikiza madzi ku dzenje ndikukongoletsa nthaka. Mmbulu sikuti wagona kwathunthu - izi zikhoza kutsogolera kukula kwa mizu. Pafupi ndi nyemba, bwalolo tidzasiya masentimita 5 mpaka 10 mu dzenje, masentimita 30. Ngati dothi ladzala liri mchenga, kuyala kwakukulu kumawonjezeka ndipo ndi masentimita 55 mpaka 60. Kuzama uku kumapangitsa kuti mitengoyi ikhale yozizira kwambiri mpaka nyengo yozizira.
Zomwe anakumana nazo wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kutsimikizira mlingo wa nthaka madzi m'deralo musanadzalemo mbewu ya mphesa. Sikoyenera kubzala mphesa pansi, kumene madzi akuya ali pamtunda wa mamita asanu kuchokera pamwamba.. Kwa mitundu yonse ya mphesa, chofunika kwambiri pakukula, panthawi yake kusasitsa kwa mpesa, zomwe ziyenera kuchitika isanayambike chisanu.
Ndipo kotero, pamene kukhalapo kwa madzi kumathandiza kuti kukula kwakukulu ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa mphukira ya chikhalidwe, nthambi zake sizikhala ndi nthawi yokhwima pa nthawi yoyenera, ndipo mu kuzizira kozizira, masamba amafa.
Njira yobwera
Mukamabzala mpesa, kumbukirani kuti uwu ndi banja la liana, choncho chomera chimafuna chithandizo, chomwe chimatha kumangidwa pambuyo pake. Pachifukwa ichi, m'pofunika kuchoka malo osungiramo zothandizira zingapo, pakati pa waya womwe udzatambasulidwe. Mphukira ya zomera idzamangirira, ndipo chitsamba chonse chidzaikidwa.
Adakalipobe njira zingapo zochititsa chidwi, pogwiritsira ntchito zomwe zingatheke kukwaniritsa fruiting oyambirira ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha chitsamba champhesa. Imeneyi ndi njira yobzala chidebe. Amaonedwa kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri, ngakhale kuti nthawi yaying'ono ikudya, koma zotsatira zake ndizofunikira.
Tsatirani njira iyi tizirombo sitiyenera kutseguka, koma mu makatoni, kapena thumba la pulasitiki lakuda popanda pansi ndi pamwamba. Mphamvu ziyenera kukhala zazikulu zokwanira, pafupifupi 10 malita voliyumu. Mizu sayenera kufika pamakoma. Zofesedwa ndi chomera mu nthaka yotseguka. Kenaka, kuti mutengeke mosavuta, chidebecho chimayikidwa mu bokosi laling'ono, lomwe, pamodzi ndi chomera, liyikidwa pa ngodya yofunda.
Patapita kanthawi, tizirombo timayamba kukula, ndipo patatha mphukira, tifunika kusiya ziwiri zabwino, kuchotsa zina zonse, ndi kusuntha chidebe ku zenera. Pa nthawi yomweyo, malo oti musankhe ayenera kukhala ofunda ndi owala. Kutentha kumatuluka panja, nthawi yomweyo nyengo imakhala yofunda bwino, bokosi limatengedwa kunja.
Choyamba, pobaya amaikidwa pamthunzi, ndipo pang'onopang'ono amasamukira ku malo a kuwala, nthawi zonse kuthirira. Pamene chiopsezo cha chisanu cha kasupe chitatha, mbande zimasinthidwa ku malo a kukula kwanthawi zonse.
Ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito wina njira yosavuta yolowera. Pafupifupi masiku 14 musanadzalemo, mizu imadulidwa pang'ono pa cuttings. Ndiye mbande zimayikidwa mu utuchi (mbande 10 mu chidebe chimodzi), zisanayambe zowonongeka, ndipo izi zonse zimayikidwa pamalo otentha. Pambuyo masiku 14, mbande ziyenera kukula.
Panthawi imeneyi, dziko lapansi lidzafunda kale ndipo lidzabzalidwa m'munda wokonzedwa kale. Ndondomekoyi imachulukitsa nyengo yowonjezereka ya chitsamba kwa mwezi wa kalendala, pamene mpesa udzaphuka kumayambiriro, ndipo chaka chamawa chikhalidwe chidzakondweretsa zipatso zoyambirira.
Nthawi
Kuwaza ndi kubzala mphesa kumabala m'dzinja ndi masika. M'chaka, tchire timabzalidwa pamtunda wotseguka pakati pa May. Ndiye, pamene nyengo yofunda imakhazikitsidwa ndi kutentha kwa dziko lapansi pa kuya kwa dzenje, kudzakhala madigiri khumi. Mu makatoni mabokosi ndi zitsamba za zomera zomwe anabzala mu April. Mu kugwa, chomera cha mphesa chobzalidwa kusanayambike kwa chisanu choyamba, ndipo ili ndi mwezi wa November.
Ndizosangalatsanso kuwerenga za mphesa zabwino.
Chisamaliro
Monga mbewu ina iliyonse, mphesa zimafuna kusamalidwa ndi kusamalidwa. Pali mbali zina za chisamaliro cha chikhalidwe cha mphesa. Kusamalira kumaphatikizapo magawo monga kuthirira, kugulira, kubisala, kudulira ndi kutulutsa feteleza. Zonsezi ndizovomerezeka kwa chomera, ndipo ndi zofunika kwa mbewu. Popanda iwo, mpesa umakula bwino ndipo umabala chipatso, ndipo nthawi zina amafa.
Kuthirira
Gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chisamaliro cha munda wamphesa ndi kuthirira kwabwino komanso kwakanthaŵi yake. Kutentha kwambiri m'nthaka kumatulutsa mpweya wochokera m'thupi, ndipo mizu ya kusowa kwa nayitrogeni ikhoza kufota, ndipo izi zidzachititsa imfa ya chomeracho. Kuthirira mphesa, ganizirani magawo a nyengo yokula ndi chikhalidwe. Amasowa mphesa pamene masamba akuphuka, pambuyo maluwa, pa mazira ndi kukula kwa zipatso. Ngati kuli chilala kunja, mphesa zimasungira podiririra kuthirira ulimi usanaphimbe nyengo yachisanu.
Mlingo wa madzi okwanira chitsamba ndi 30-40 malita, ndipo wapangidwa ndi nthawi 1 nthawi mu masiku asanu ndi awiri. Ngati nyengo ili yotentha, kuthirira kumawonjezeka mpaka 2. Mphesa zimalimbikitsidwa kuthirira madzi apadera, maenje okonzedweratu, otchedwa ngalande.
Mulching
Kukulumikiza kwa nthaka pansi pa mphesa kumachitika pofuna kuteteza kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chokwanira pansi kwa nthawi yaitali. Sungani nthaka kumapeto. Pereka izo udzu wovunda, masamba ogwa, namsongole, manyowa a mpendadzuwa, kompositi. Zosakanizazi zimayikidwa pamtunda pansi pa mphesa zowirira, ndiye madzi okwanira. Momwemo, mulch umagwirizanitsidwa, kukhazikitsa, ndi kusunga chinyezi chofunikira kwa chomera kwa nthawi yaitali.
Mulch ndichonso chitetezo choonjezera cha rhizome ya chomera kuchokera ku nyengo yozizira. Choncho, matenda ake akuyang'aniridwa mu kugwa ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, ngalande yowonjezera yowonjezera imapangidwa.
Kutha
Mphesa ndizochokera ku nyengo zozizira. Iye zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ku nyengo yozizira. Mbali zabwino kwambiri ndizomera za mphesa zobiriwira. Iwo amachitira kale kutentha kwa -1, -2 madigiri. Mbewu za zomera sizing'onozing'ono, koma ngozi ya iwo ndi kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira.
Pa nthawi yotereyi, mphukira zimataya zomwe zimatchedwa kuumitsa, ndipo ngakhale dontho laling'ono la kutentha lingathe kuwawononga. Osati madzi ozizira ndi mizu.
Chifukwa cha izi, mphesa zimayesedwa ndi zomera, zovuta kwambiri, kubisala m'nyengo yozizira. Amapanga mwezi wa October, musanayambe kutaya madontho. Musanayambe kukolola mphesa zimadulidwa. Dulani chomeracho ndi polyethylene, zakuthupi, kapena chisanu ndi dziko lapansi.
Kudulira
Mbewu imadulidwa kuti ikhale chitsamba (izi ndi zaka zoyamba kapena zisanu zoyambirira za kamera kakang'ono), kuti azilamulira kukula kwa mbewu, ndi kuchiteteza icho kuti chichoke ndi kukhalabe korona wopangidwa. Kudulira komwe kunapangidwa m'chaka ndi m'dzinja. Ndipo n'zotheka kupatulira ndi kubwezera ana m'chaka.
Kudula kwadzinja kumaloledwa ndi zomera mopweteka kwambiri, chifukwa imalepheretsa masika "kulira" a mpesa. Koma pakudulira kotereku, m'pofunika kusiya madzulo pamunda, popeza kuti zikhoza kuwonongeka m'nyengo yozizira, malo ogwiritsira ntchito hibernation ndikudziwulula pambuyo pake.
Feteleza
Mphesa ndi zomera zosatha zomwe zimamera pamalo amodzi. Choncho, imasankha kuchokera ku nthaka nthawi zonse zomwe zimathandiza kuti chitukuko, fruiting ndi kukula zikule.
Pofuna kupewa kupezeka kwa nthaka, nkoyenera kufesa nthaka pansi pa mphesa ndi zinthu zosiyana siyana chaka ndi chaka.
Mitengo imadyetsedwa ndi feteleza m'dzinja ndi masika. Mukamadyetsa chomera, m'pofunikira kuphatikiza feteleza molondola, ndi kuzigwiritsa ntchito nthawi zina zamasamba. Kuchuluka kwa micronutrients ya mchere yomwe imafunika ndi mphesa ikuwerengedwa molingana ndi kukula kwa zokolola zake. Kuwonjezera apo, feteleza zokha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka, zomwe zimaphatikizapo humus ndi kompositi misa, peat ndi zitosi za mbalame.
Ndi ichi feteleza yaikulu kuchokera ku manyowa ambiri, imatengedwa ngati nyama zoweta zosiyanasiyana, kapena kompositi, yomwe idakonzedweratu pasadakhale gawo limodzi.
Zakudya zamoyo zimapereka chakudya m'dzinja, ndi nayitrogeni ndi phosphorus chakudya m'chaka. Kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zake, feteleza amadzipukutidwa ndi madzi ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku kuya kwa 40-60 masentimita m'dera la rhizome, ndipo ili ndi malo oposa 1 mamita.
Chitetezo
Vine chitetezo kupanga mankhwala. Cholinga cha mankhwalawa ndikuteteza kuoneka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizirombo ndi matenda pa zomera. Ndipotu, aliyense amadziwa kuti nthawi zonse zimakhala zosavuta kuteteza matenda kusiyana ndi kuchitapo kanthu kale.
Kuchokera ku madontho a mildew amathandizidwa ndi Bordeaux osakaniza, komanso 3% njira ya mkuwa oxychloride ndi yangwiro. Ngakhale kuchokera ku mildew ndi tizirombo mu kugwa, nthaka yomwe ili pafupi ndi chitsamba imapulitsidwa ndi nitrafen. Kuti muchite izi, mutenge yankho lake la magawo atatu. Pachifukwachi, nthaka imagwedezeka. Nitrafen akhoza kuopseza mbewa ndi makoswe ena.
Kuchokera ku mphesa za oidium kumateteza potassium manganic asidi, yomwe imaphatikizidwira pamwamba pa kuvala foliar. Komanso, amateteza matendawa ndi mullein (njira yake), komanso sulfure kapena pansi. Kukonzekera kulikonse kwa tchire kuyenera kuchitidwa musanayambe maluwa kapena pambuyo pake.
Kuchokera ku mbewa ndi makoswe ena, chomeracho chingathandize kuteteza chidutswa chopweteka, kumverera ngati ubweya kapena ubweya woyera womwe watenthedwa patsogolo pake, woikidwa pansi pa filimu yozizira. Nthanga sizikondanso ndi fungo la zinyenyeswazi za rabara.
