Lero, dera la mphesa la mphesa laleka kumadera akum'mwera.
Chifukwa cha njira zatsopano zobereketsera ndi chitetezo, kuphuka ndi fruiting mipesa anayamba kuonekera pafupifupi munda uliwonse.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mphesa, yosiyana ndi maonekedwe ndi kukoma.
Imodzi mwa mitundu yatsopanoyi ndi Viking, mitundu ya mphesa. Za iye ndipo tidzakambirana.
Kufotokozera za mitundu ya mphesa "Viking"
Mitundu ya mphesa ya Viking ndi chipatso cha ntchito ya wofalitsa VS Zagorulko. ndipo anapeza mwa kudutsa mitundu AIA-1 ndi Kodryanka.
Mphesa "Viking" ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyanazomwe zimapsa masiku 110 - 120. Zimatsimikiziranso kuti "Viking" imayamba kubala chipatso kwa masiku 3 mpaka 4 mmbuyomo kuposa "Codrean".
Kuwonjezera apo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa mu funso imatha kukhala pa mpesa kwa nthawi yaitali. Mitengo imakula bwino, mipesa imakhala yamphamvu. Mapepala ndi apakati kapena aakulu mu kukula, maluwa ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, pachimake kumayambiriro kwa June.
Gulu la kukula kwamasinkhulidwe, ndi kuchulukitsitsa kwapakati, lili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena ozungulira, machenga ochulukirapo 500 mpaka 750 g, nthawi zina mpaka 1 makilogalamu. Mitengoyi ndi yamdima wabuluu, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe akuluakulu (32 x 23 mm), imakhala ya 8 - 12 g mulemera. Nyama ndi yowutsa mudyo, okoma-bwino, mu kukoma kumene kuli zolemba za prunes ndi zipatso. Khungu ndi lochepa thupi, pafupifupi osamveketsa pamene likudya.
Pereka pa "Viking" pafupifupi. Ikhoza kupirira dontho la kutentha mpaka -21 ° ะก. Palinso kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mildew ndi oidium.
Maluso:
- ndithu mkulu chisanu kukana
- amakonda zipatso zabwino
- kucha msanga
Kuipa:
- zokolola zambiri
- amavutika kwambiri ndi mildew, oidium
Pazochitika za kubzala mitundu
Mitundu ya mphesayi akusowa nthaka yachonde, popeza kusowa kwa zinthu zopindulitsa m'nthaka kudzasokoneza kukoma kwa mphesa. Choncho, ndi bwino kukula Viking mu dothi lachonde, mwachitsanzo, nthaka yakuda.
Pakati pa zitsamba ziwiri muyenera kukhala malo okwanira, choncho mtunda wa pakati pa mbande uyenera kukhala wa 2.5 - 3 mamita.
Mukhoza kubzala mbande mwina mu kasupe kapena m'dzinja. Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti kutentha kuli mkati mwa 15 - 25 ° C, chifukwa kukula kwa mphesa zam'tsogolo kumadalira kutentha.
Musanafike pakusowa kwanu fufuzani ma sapling onse. Choyenera, chiyenera kukhala ndi mizu inayi yokwana 1.5 - 2 mm, ndipo kutalika kufike pa masentimita 10.
Kuonjezerapo, mmerawo ukhale wotsekemera, osati kutayika pamene ukuwerama, kuyang'ana bwino (palibe machitidwe owonongeka ndi zizindikiro zowonongeka ndi matenda a fungus).
Kuphuka kwa kucha kukuyenera kukhala masentimita 20 ndi masamba 4 mpaka 5.
Ndikofunika kuti mizu ya mbande ikhale youma, chifukwa sizingatheke kubwezeretsa. Musanabzala, mizu imamizidwa m'madzi ndi kuwonjezera kwa kukula zopatsa mphamvu (gibberellin, heteroauxin).
Pofuna kubzala bwino, muyenera kukumba dzenje (0.8x0.8x0.8 m), pansi pake chitetezo chopatsa thanzi kuchokera mu chisakanizo cha humus (ndowa 7 - 10) ndi nthaka yachonde.
Kutalika kwa chingwechi chiyenera kukhala osachepera 25 masentimita. Pambuyo pa kusakaniza konseku kudzaza ndi kuziyika pansi pa dzenje, mineral feteleza (300 g ya superphosphate ndi feteleza feteleza) ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku kuya kwa masentimita asanu ndikukhazikitsanso pansi.
Kenaka, kuchokera m'nthaka yachonde muyenera kupanga mchenga osaposa 5 masentimita pamwamba, kumene muyenera kuyala ndi kuwongolera mizu.
Mmera woterewu uyenera kubzalidwa ndi nthaka yachonde isanafike kukula (kutalika kwake kumakhala pafupifupi 25 cm). Kumapeto kwa nyemba kumathirira madzi awiri. Pambuyo pa chinyezi, dziko lapansi liyenera kumasulidwa. Mutabzala, m'pofunika kubzala zina ziwiri zapakati pa masabata awiri, kumasula nthaka ndikuziphimba ndi mulch.
Viking Care Tips
- Kuthirira
"Viking" sakonda madzi ochulukirapo, kotero muyenera kusamala ndi kuthirira.
Ndikofunika kumwa mphesa nthawiyi kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa April mpaka pakati pa mwezi wa October.
Nthawi yoyamba kuthirira idachitika kumayambiriro kwa nyengoyi, mwamsanga mukamaliza zouma zouma.
Nthawi yachiwiri mungathe kutsanulira mpesa mutatha kudulira, koma palibe phala (kutaya - madzi osankhidwa awa mudulidwe, ngati mpesa "kulira"). Ngati mchere ukuwoneka ngati wambiri, ndiye kuti mphesa ndizosafunika.
Kwa nthawi yachitatu kuthirira kumafunika pamene mphukira imatha kufika 25-30 cm.
Pamene nthawi ya mipesa yamaluwa, ndi nthawi yokhala mphesa nthawi yachinayi. Mphesa sizingathe kuthiridwe kumayambiriro kapena nthawi ya maluwa, ngati kuthirira koteroko kumayambitsa maluwa.
Nthawi yachisanu mpesa umayenera kuthirira pamene masango anayamba kupanga (pamene zipatso zimakhala ngati nandolo yaying'ono). Kuthira uku kumabweretsa zokolola zabwino.
Madzi okwanira asanu ndi limodzi amathandiza kuchepetsa zipatso za gululo.
Nthawi yomaliza mphesa imathirira madzi mutatha kukolola. Onetsetsani kuti mukutsatira nyengo, ngati chilala champhesa chikafuna chinyezi.
- Mulching
Kuphatikizira ndi njira yofunikira yomwe amateteza mizu ya mphesa kuchokera ku hypothermia ndi kuchepa kwa madzi, zimapangitsa kuti mpweya upite ku mizu, komanso kumachepetsa kukula kwa namsongole.
Ndikofunika kuti ukhale ndi mulch chaka chonse. Zipangizo zoyenera zidzakhala utuchi, udzu, mulch pepala, peat. Izi zoteteza wosanjikiza ayenera kufika 5 - 10 cm.
- Kutha
Muyenera kuphimba maphunziro pakati pa mwezi wa October kapena panthawi ina, zimadalira nyengo. Monga zipangizo za ndondomekoyi, mungagwiritse ntchito mafilimu, mapulogalamu a polima kapena njira zopindulitsa.
Ngati mumateteza mipesa ndi dziko lapansi, musanayambe kuthira madzi onsewa kuti madziwo apite mokwanira.
Mipesa ya chitsamba chilichonse iyenera kumangidwa ndi kuyikidwa pamatope omwe asanakhalepo (slate, polyethylene) pofuna kupewa kuola. Kenaka, mipesa imadzazidwa ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Pamapeto pake, kuthirira kwina kuli kofunika.
Njira inanso yobisala mphesa ndi polyethylene chivundikiro. Pochita izi, mpesa uyenera kukhazikika pansi, ndipo pamwamba pa nthambi muyenera kuyika zitsulo zamatabwa zomwe polyethylene imatambasula. Firimuyi imayikidwa pambali pa nthaka kapena zipangizo zina.
Popeza kuti "Viking" ndi mitundu yambiri yosasunthika, mpweya wachiwiri wa polyethylene sichifunika kwa mipesa ya mphesa iyi.
Ndikofunika kuti mphukira zisakhudze zophimba, apobe chisanu chidzapangidwe.
Mapeto a filimuyo ayenera kukhala otseguka kuti apeze mpweya, koma adzafunikanso kutsekedwa kutentha kutsika pansi pa 8-10 ° C.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za mitundu yabwino ya pinki mphesa.
- Kudulira
Dulani mipesa kuti igwe, yomwe idzapatse mpata kuti iphimbe bwino.
Pamene mukudulira kamera kakang'ono m'chaka choyamba, m'pofunika kudula mpesa wokhwima, ndiyeno kufupikitsa mphukira zazing'ono, ndikusiya nthawi imodzi kuchokera pa ziwiri mpaka zisanu.
Ndikofunikira chotsani mphukira zowonjezera, kuti manja 3 mpaka 8 akhalebe (mphukira zowonjezera zomwe zimamera pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pansi).
Pamene mukudulira tchire la "Viking" wamkulu, muyenera kusiya mphukira yaitali, mwinamwake chitsamba chidzakhala chachikulu ndipo zipatso zidzakhala zochepa. Kudulira kotereku kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokula. Ndikofunika kudula masamba 12 mpaka 20, malingana ndi kutalika kwa mpesa ndi msinkhu wa chitsamba.
- Feteleza
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Viking", monga mphesa zina zonse, imayenera kudya nthawi zonse kuti zikhale bwino.
Ndikofunika kuthira tchire 2 - 3 pa nthawi yokula ndi nthawi ya masabata 3 mpaka 4. Ndi bwino kuphatikiza pamwamba kuvala ndi ulimi wothirira bwino kwa feteleza pansi.
Nthawi yoyamba muyenera kupanga nayitrogeni ndi feteleza organic (1.5 - 2 supuni ya ammonium nitrate pa 10 malita a manyowa yankho). Kudyetsa uku kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa nyengo.
Pachinayi cha ulimi wothirira, feteleza ndi zitsulo zamchere, potassium sulphate kapena superphosphate ndizofunika kuti mungu uzikhala bwino. Njira yotsatira ya feteleza iyenera kugwirizana ndi ulimi wothirira chisanu ndi chimodzi ndipo ikuphatikizapo kuyambitsa superphosphate ndi potassium sulphate.
Zakudya zamagulu ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri ndi zitatu, 15 makilogalamu pa chitsamba, kugona feteleza m'madzimadzi 50 cm akumba pansi pamphepete mwa chitsamba.
- Chitetezo
Viking ingawonongeke kwambiri ndi mildew ndi oidium, kotero muyenera kuteteza tchire ku zotsatira za matendawa.
Umboni kuti mphesa zowonongeka ndi mildew masamba obiriwira achikasu.
Causative wothandizira matendawa ndi bowa. Pofuna kuchiza ndi mankhwala, m'pofunika kukonza mphesa katatu: yoyamba - pamene mphukira zazing'ono zimakula kufika 15 - 20 masentimita, yachiwiri - isanakwane maluwa, yachitatu - itatha maluwa.
Mankhwalawa amapangidwa ndi fungicides monga anthracol, strobe kapena Ridomil golide. Zizindikiro za oidium ndi mawonekedwe a fumbi lofiira pa masamba. Njira zolimbanirana zimakhala zofanana ndi pochizira mildew.
