Kalasi ya mphesa "Valek"

Ngakhale mphesa sizomwe zimakhala ku Russia kapena Chiyukireniya chomera, zakhala zofala mchikhalidwe chathu ndipo zakhala zokongoletsera za banja lililonse.

Komanso, ambiri okonda zipatso zaulemerero samangokula, komanso akugwira ntchito yolima mitundu yatsopano ndi mitundu yowakanizidwa.

Pakadali pano, mitundu yochezera amateur imakhala ndi mbali yochititsa chidwi ya mndandanda wa mayiko olemba mayiko.

Dzina la Chiyukireniya amene amalitcha dzina lake Vishnevetsky linaphatikizidwanso kumeneko.

Lero tidzakudziwani bwino ndi zenizeni za mphesa zake zabwino za Valek.

Timafotokozanso momwe zimakhalira bwino komanso nthawi yoyenera.

Kambiranani ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa "Valek"

Ndiyolondola kunena kuti mphesa izi ndi mawonekedwe osakanizidwa, chifukwa zinapezeka chifukwa cha zovuta zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mitundu yambiri ya mitundu. Makamaka, N.P. Vishnevetsky mphesa mitundu "Kesha 1", "Star" ndi "Rizamat" amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa cha ichi, mphesa yapadera kwambiri ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri anabadwira.

Fomu ya mphesayi ikuyenera kuti idye mwatsatanetsatane. Mphesa zabwino kwambiri za kulima m'madera okhala ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana, koma koposa zonsezi zimagwirizana ndi mbali ya kumpoto kwa Ukraine, kumene kuli kwambiri ndi kutsekedwa.

"Kukongoletsa kwa munda - gulu la mphesa": kufotokoza mphesa "Valka"

Mafuta a mawonekedwewa si zokongoletsera zokha, komanso amathandiza kwambiri. Chowonadi n'chakuti amatha kupanga kukula kwakukulu, kupikisana molimbika ndi mitundu yobala kwambiri. Makamaka, unyinji wa gulu limodzi la "Valek" mphesa limatha kusiyana ndi 1.5 mpaka 2.5 kilograms.

Komanso, mu mawonekedwe awo ndi owopsa kwambiri, pali zipatso zambiri pa iwo. Phindu lalikulu ndilokuti chaka chilichonse misa yawo imakula kwambiri.

Zipatso za mphesa za "Valek" zimakhalanso zazikulu komanso zazikulu. Muwonekedwe, iwo ndi ovunda, pamene kutalika kwa mabulosi amodzi ndi pafupifupi masentimita atatu, ndipo m'lifupi - 2.8. Amayeza pafupifupi pafupifupi 15-15 magalamu, ngakhale kuti kusamalira nthawi zonse komanso njira zoyendetsera ulimi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zambiri.

Mukhoza kuzisiyanitsa ndi mtundu wokongola kwambiri komanso wobiriwira, womwe umatulutsanso pang'ono mu dzuwa. Koma chodziwika bwino cha zipatso zomwe zimatchulidwa kuti ndi zowakanizidwa ndi kukoma kwawo komweko, komwe kunasakaniza zokometsera zokometsera za pepala ndi zonunkhira.

Izi zonse zimamangirizidwa ndi kwambiri kukoma kwabwino kwa thupi ndi chifundo chake chachilendo (molingana ndi kapangidwe ka, mphesa ya mphesa "Valek" ndi yamchere). Peel amadyedwanso, ngakhale kuti mphesayi ndi yandiweyani.

Chipatso cha mphesa "Valek": Kodi ndiyeso yambiri ya mbeu yomwe iyenera kuwerengedwa?

Mphesa iyi imakula bwino, yomwe iyenera kuyembekezeka pamaso pa masango akuluakulu. Kuwonjezera apo, tchire timadziwika ndi kukula kwakukulu, ndipo ndi ukalamba wabwino wa mphukira, zomwe zimatha kukhala fruiting ndizovuta kwambiri.

Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mphesa zotchulidwazo zimakhala ndi maluwa a amuna ndi akazi, chifukwa chitsamba chimabereka zipatso osati 100%, koma nthawi zonse. Kuonjezera apo, mu mawonekedwe oyandikana ndi maluwa, maluwa ali pafupi masiku khumi ndipo amatha kuyambitsa mungu ngakhale ngati nthawi yonseyi mvula imakhala pafupifupi nthawi zonse.

Ponena za nthawi yokolola mbewu, mphesa iyi imayambira kwambiri. Nyengo yokula imakhala masiku oposa 105 okha, omwe amatha kukolola magulu opsa kuchokera pa August 1 mpaka 5. M'madera ena a Ukraine pambali ya kucha, "Valek" ngakhale kutuluka "Arcadia" zosiyanasiyana.

Kukolola kwapamwamba ndipamwamba kwambiri kwa mphesa "Akatswiri ofufuza" amalimbikitsa kuti azikulitsa okha okha mizu yawo. Ngakhale kuti zidutswa zake zimagwirizana bwino ndi mitundu ina, komabe muzitsulo zokhazikitsidwa zingathe kutaya kukoma kwa mphesayi.

Mwachidule za makhalidwe abwino a mphesa "Valek"

• Makhalidwe apadera omwe palibe mphesa zina zingathe kudzitama.
• Zokwera ndi zolimba kwambiri zokolola, kukula kwakukulu kwa magulu onse awiri ndi zipatso.
• Chiwonetsero chokongola kwambiri cha chipatso.
• Nthawi yakucha.
• Maluwa amtundu wachitsamba sizowona zokhazokha, komanso za mitundu ina ya mphesa. Komanso, chifukwa cha ichi, palibe mtola pamphesa.
• Zipatso za mphesazi zimakhala zoyenera kuyenda, zomwe zimayamika khungu lawo lolimba komanso lokhazikika.
• Kuwonongeka kwa matenda a fungal, monga powdery mildew, oidium kapena imvi zowola, sizinayesedwe pa mphesa iyi.
• Kulekerera mosavuta chisanu kutentha. Pa -24ºС mpesa "chitsamba" sali kuonongeka.

Mphesa yamphesa Vishnevetskogo

Mwamwayi, mphesa ya "Valek" ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya mphesa yomwe ilibe zopanda pake. Chifukwa cha izi, zimakhala zotchuka pakati pa alimi ogwira ntchito ndi amateurs.

Chinthu chokha chomwe chiyenera kuwamvetsera kusagwirizana kochepa kwa cuttings ndi mabokosi a mitundu ina. Ndi bwino kukula tchire pambali yake.

N'zosangalatsanso kuwerenga za m'dzinja chisamaliro cha mphesa.

Momwe mungakulire mtengo wabwino wa mpesa "Valek": chodzala zinthu

Popeza mphesa zakhala zikuyimidwa monga mbewu kwa zaka zambirimbiri, kubzala kwa mbewuyi kwasintha kale mpaka pang'ono. Zonse za kukula kwa chitsamba cha mphesa, momwe amatha kubala zipatso "mpaka pamtunda", mitundu yonse ya nthaka ndi ndondomeko za kubzala kwa mitundu yosiyana siyana zawerengedwa. Koma ndi zonsezi, wochita masewera sangathe kumvetsa bwinobwino mbewu, osati nthawi yomwe akubzala.

Ndi kwa alimi otero, komanso omwe amasankha kugwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso pang'ono, timapereka pansipa tsatanetsatane wa ndondomeko yotsalira mphesa ndi zina zina zofunika kwambiri.

Njira za kubzala mipesa kapena zizindikiro za kubzala kwawo

Kawirikawiri, mphesa zikhoza kufalikira m'njira zambiri. Zimakhala zovuta kunena kuti ndi yani yodalirika kwambiri, chifukwa chirichonse chidzadalira nyengo ya dera lanu, mtundu wa dothi, masiku odzala, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa. Ndiponso, aliyense wa iwo ali ndi ubwino wake ndi ubwino wake. Taonani njira yotsatirayi:

• Kulima minda pamidzi yawo ndi mbande zosiyanasiyana. Njira yowonjezereka komanso yabwino yopangira mphesa "Valek". Choncho, zigawo zake zikufotokozedwa pansipa, timangotchula ubwino ndi zovuta za njira iyi. Ndibwino kuti pamzuzu yake chitsamba chimasonyeza yekha makhalidwe ake, omwe ndi ofunikira makamaka pamaso a makhalidwe apaderawa monga momwe amafotokozera mtundu wosakanizidwa. Kupindula kwa njirayi kumakhalanso kosavuta kubereka - chinthu chofunika ndikutenga ndi kuchimitsa (ngakhale kuti chingakhale chophweka mwa kugula mmunda wokonzeka mmera). Koma vuto ndi lakuti sapling ikhoza kukhala yovuta komanso yovuta kukula kuposa, mwachitsanzo, kusamalidwa kumtengowo wamkulu.
• Ankalumikiza zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana cuttings kuti rootstocks wa baka mphesa mitundu. Njira yayikulu ya njira imeneyi ndi yakuti pozengereza chitsamba chatsopano mwamsanga muli ndi matabwa osatha komanso mizu yopangidwa bwino. Zonsezi zimathandiza kuti chitsamba chikhale chabwino kwambiri komanso chimakhala chofulumira ku fruiting. Koma, sikuti mitundu yonse ya mphesa ikhoza kugwirizanitsa, choncho ndi kosavuta kuti iwonongeke kudula komanso katunduyo. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti mitundu yovomerezeka imakhala yolimba.
• Kubalanso kwa mipesa ndi thandizo la nthambi. Zitsulo ndizitsamba za chitsamba chachikulire, zomwe zimachotsedwa mmenemo, zimagwada pansi ndipo zimayikidwa m'manda. Ngati dothi liri lokwanira, ndi nyengo yofunda, masabata angapo mphukirayi idzakhala ndi mizu yake. Kuyambira pamenepo, patapita nthawi, mumapeza chitsamba chatsopano, chomwe chingabwereke popanda mavuto. Njirayi ndi yophweka komanso yowonjezereka chifukwa sichifuna kukonzekera kwadongosolo la cuttings, yosungirako, kusonkhanitsa kapena mavuto ena. Malo okhawo ndiwo kukhalapo kwa chitsamba chachikulire cha zosiyanasiyana zomwe mukufunikira, zomwe kuchotsa kungapangidwe.
• Mphesa yamphesa kuchokera ku mwala. Njirayi imakhalanso yophweka. Chinthu chachikulu - kusankha mafupa akuluakulu ndi kumera mu chipinda chachonde. Komanso, akhoza kubzalidwa m'phika ndi nthaka yotseguka, kenako imakhalabe kuyembekezera kumera. Mbewu yamphesa imakula kuchokera ku mbewu, yomwe ikhoza kubwezeretsedwa pa 1-2 zaka zapakati. Inde, njirayi ndi yowonjezerapo nthawi, koma panopa simukuyenera kuyesa kufufuza ndi kugula mbande, zidzakhala zokwanira kugula masango angapo omwe mumawakonda ndikusunga mbewu zawo.

Kodi ndi zinthu zotani zomwe zimakonda kwambiri mphesa za Valek: timakambirana zinthu zofunika kwambiri

Choyamba, nkofunika kupereka chitsamba cha mphesa ndi kupeza bwino kwa dzuwa, chomwe chiri maziko a kukula kwa chitsamba ndi kucha kwa mbewu yonse. Pankhaniyi, malo oti akule sayenera kugwedezeka ndi zomera zina kapena nyumba, ziyenera kukhala zotseguka.

Komanso, zimalangizidwa kubzala mipesa pamakono ochepa, chifukwa m'madera ochepa nthawi zambiri mpweya wozizira umayenda, umene umakhala woopsa kwambiri ku chitsamba, ukhoza kutha.

Ngakhale kuti mpesa chitsamba "Valek" amatha kuyendetsa mungu bwinobwino, zikhoza kuonongeka kwambiri ndi mphamvu kudzera kumpoto. Choncho, kulingalira izi ndi zonse zomwe tafotokozazi, njira yabwino yobzala mphesa m'munda umakhala malo ochokera kumwera kapena kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa nyumba yanu kapena zochitika zina (ngati sizingakhale ndi zomera zina). Choncho, chitsambacho chidzapeza kuwala kwa dzuwa ndipo chidzatetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira.

Ndifunikanso kusankha nthaka yabwino ya mphesa. Ngakhale chikhalidwe ichi sichiri chokondweretsa kwambiri pankhaniyi, ndibwino kuti tibzala pa nthaka yochepa. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti madzi apansi asagwirizane kwambiri ndi nthaka (kukula kwake ndi 2.5 mamita).

Kubzala kwa nthaka ndi kofunika, komabe zingatheke kupindula pokhapokha pogwiritsira ntchito feteleza zochuluka m'nthaka.

Kodi nkofunika kulingalira mtunda pakati pa tchire zingapo? Kukambirana za kukwera

Zomera zazikulu ndizofunika kwambiri kubzala pamtunda wokwanira. Ndipotu mfundoyi siyikulenga zinthu zabwino kuti ikhale ndi mphukira, komanso kuti ikhale ndi malo okwanira kuti mizu ikule komanso kupeza zakudya m'nthaka.

Choncho, njira yabwino yoyenera kubzala mitengo ya Valek ndi izi:

• Mtunda pakati pa tchire mzere umodzi uli pafupi mamita 3.
• Mtunda pakati pa mizere ya mipesa - mamita 4.

Zomwe zimabzala mphesa "Valek": Zimadalira chiyani?

Kubzala mphesa kungakhale njira yayitali kwambiri, yomwe imayamba pa masiku otsiriza a March ndipo imathera pa masiku oyambirira a November. Koma zonse zimadalira njira yomwe mungayendetsere.

Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndi bwino kubzala mbande kapena kugula zipatso zomwezo. Pambuyo pake komanso mvula yozizira kwambiri - kumera mbande zomwe zimakhala zobiriwira ndi masamba.

M'nthawi ya chilimwe, mungathe kubzala mbande zobiriwira. Koma makamaka chilimwe ndi nthawi yokha yofalitsa mphesa ndi mabotolo. Kubzala mbande pa nthawi ino ya chaka sikuli koyenera, chifukwa alibe nthawi yokwanira yomaliza nyengo yawo yokula.

Kubzala mphesa m'dzinja sikutambasula. Zili zochepa chifukwa chakuti, choyamba, ziyenera kuchitika pokhapokha pokhapokha kusintha kwa mbewu mu nthawi yamtendere, ndipo kachiwiri - ngakhale isanakhale isanayambike yozizira. Kotero, pa madera ambiri a nyengo ino nthawiyi imabwera pakati kapena khumi ndi awiri a Oktoba.

Mbali za kukonzekera kubzala mphesa ndi kufotokozera zachindunji

Nthawi yovuta kwambiri yokonzekera ndi Kukonzekera dzenje la sapling. M'pofunika kwambiri kuika zakudya zambiri zomwe zimadyetsanso chitsamba chamtunduwu musanafike ku fruiting. Choncho, kuya kwa dzenje kuyenera kukhala lalikulu - pafupifupi masentimita 80. Chigawocho chiyenera kufanana.

Chombo chimapanga chisakanizo cha nthaka yabwino, yomwe ndi dothi lopanda pamwamba, lopangidwa polemba dzenje lokha, komanso ndowa 203 zamchere. Komanso, mukhoza kumanga nyumba ndi feteleza zamchere. Pamwamba pa izi, nthaka yowonjezera imodzi imatsanuliridwa ndipo dzenje limatsalira kwa masabata 2-3.

Pambuyo pake, muyenera kupita kumalo ogula mbewu. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti lisamawonongeke kapena zouma. Choncho, samalirani kwambiri mizu yake: ngati ili yoyera, ndiye kuti zonse ziri bwino. Komanso, mu mmera watsopano, mtundu wa mdulidwe wapamwamba uyenera kukhala wobiriwira. Musanabzala, ndibwino kuti muzigwiritse madzi mumadzi kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi chambiri.

Mukamabzala, mmerawo umatsikira mu dzenje mpaka pamzere wa mizu yake (sikuyenera kuikidwa m'manda). Ndikofunika kudzaza dzenje ndi mmera pang'onopang'ono, kuyesera kuigwirana mosamala. Ndikofunika kuti pafupi ndi mizu palibe malo ndi mpweya, mwinamwake iwo adzafota asanakhale ndi nthawi yosintha. Mutabzala, mmera umathiriridwa (2-3 ndowa zamadzi), womangirizidwa ku chithandizo. Nthaka yozungulira sapling ndi yabwino kuti mulch.

Kusamalira chitsamba cha mphesa: ndi zinthu ziti za chikhalidwe chomwe chiyenera kukumbukiridwa?

• Mthunzi - maziko a kukula kwa mphesa ndi mapangidwe ake. Ndikofunika kuthirira chitsamba musanayambe maluwa komanso panthawi ya mapeyala.
• Kuthira kulikonse kumaphatikizapo kukulumikiza nthaka ndi moss kapena utuchi, womwe uli kale wakuda.
• Kuti zipatso zabwino zomera mphesa ziyenera kudyetsedwa zonse organic ndi mchere feteleza.
• Kudulira kwa chitsamba kumachitika chaka chilichonse, makamaka m'dzinja. Pakuti amphamvu shrub - amphamvu kudulira mphukira.
• M'nyengo yozizira, tchire tiyenera kubisala.
• Ndikofunika kwambiri kutulutsa mpesa nthawi zonse kuchokera ku matenda ndi tizirombo.