Nthawi zambiri, pamene tigula mphesa pamsika kapena m'sitolo, sitiganiza ngakhale kuti tingathe kukula chimodzimodzi pa chiwembu chathu.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, phindu lalikulu la masewera, osati mafakitale, viticulture ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa tchire, komanso ndi masango awo, chifukwa chitsamba chimakhala ndi malo owonjezereka osowa bwino.
Choncho, ngati mupanga khama lokwanira, simungakhale wopambana vinyo wokha, komanso kukhazikitsa malonda anu a zipatso za mphesa.
Lero tikufuna kukuuzani mwatsatanetsatane za imodzi mwa mitundu yabwino yamsika yamsika, yomwe ingakhale yosavuta pa nyumba iliyonse kapena nyumba ya chilimwe.
Kudziwa ndi kalasi ya mphesa "Valentine" ndi ubwino wake waukulu
Mphesa uwu ndi kwenikweni ndi mawonekedwe a haibridiZinaoneka ngati zotsatira za ntchito yochititsa chidwi imene odyetsa ku Russia ankagwira.
Mpesa uwu unapezeka chifukwa cha zovuta kwambiri pakati pa mitundu ya mphesa yotchuka kwambiri: "Kondwerani" ndi "Arcadia", ndi mawonekedwe omwe anapezeka nawo ndi "Summer Muscat". Chotsatiracho chinali mphesa yodalirika, yoyenera kulima mitundu yonse ndi madera ambiri a nyengo.
Ndi mtundu watsopano wosakanizidwa wa mphesa za mphesa zokolola kwambiri. Lero, "Valentine" imangokhalira kutchuka pakati pa mafani.
Timanena za maburashi a mphesa "Valentine" ndi za zipatso zake
Mulimonsemo, onse odziwa ntchito komanso ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, akakumana ndi zosiyana, poyamba amamvera zipatso zake.
Pankhani ya mphesa "Valentine" palibe amene angakhale wosakhutira, chifukwa manja ake ndi aakulu kwambiri. Kutalika kwa gulu limodzi nthawi zina kumafikira masentimita 40, omwe siwowonjezereka pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewuyi, makamaka poganizira kuti mphesa iyi ikhoza kukula pokhapokha nyengo ya nyengo yozizira.
Momwemonso, mulu wa zipatsozi umakhalanso ndi zizindikiro zazikulu - pafupipafupi kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 1.5 kilogalamu, koma mu ulimi wamasewera ndi zambiri. Iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, ochepa kwambiri mpaka pansi. Kapangidwe ka zipatso pa masangowa amawapangitsa iwo moyenera ophatikizidwa kapena pang'ono omasuka.
Ponena za ubwino wa zipatso, zosiyana siyana za Valentine zili pamlingo waukulu kwambiri. Masikelo awo ndi aakulu kwambiri, okhala ndi kutalika kwa 3.7-4.4 masentimita, ndi m'lifupi - 2.3-2.6 masentimita.
Malingana ndi kufotokoza uku, n'zosavuta kuganiza kuti zipatsozo zimakhala zochepa, koma ndibwino kumvetsera mbali yapadera ya mphesa za Valentina: mabulosiwo sali ngakhale, koma pang'ono kupindika pansi.
Chosiyana ndi mtundu wa khungu, womwe umayimiridwa ndi mtundu wa golide-wonyezimira, womwe umatha kukhala wonyezimira-chikasu m'thambo ndi dzuwa lokongola (chizindikiro chotsiriza ndicho kusiyana pakati pa mphesa zomwe zafotokozedwa ndipo sichipezeka pa mitundu ina ya mphesa).
Kuonjezera apo, ndi kuunika kwakukulu kwa zipatso ndi dzuwa, tani ya mtundu wofiira wofiira ukhoza kuchitika mbali imodzi.
Koma mphesa zodabwitsa izi "Valentine" sizikumatha apo, chifukwa sitinayambe za kukoma kwake. Kawirikawiri, kukoma kwake kumagwirizana, osati ngati mphesa zina. Koma kukoma kwa zipatso sizodabwitsa, kumakhala kofanana kwambiri ndi maluwa.
Ogulitsa vinyo omwe ali ndi zolemba za mphesa zomwe zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi, zodzala ndi zipatso zonse, zimawoneka bwino kwambiri.
Komanso, kukoma kumaphatikizidwa ndi thupi labwino kwambiri komanso lokoma, pamene amadya lomwe limapereka lingaliro lomwe limasungunuka pakamwa. Peel imadyanso, kukoma kwake sikusokoneza zowawa za mphesa.
Okonda zipatso zabwino, mawonekedwewa adzasangalatsanso, chifukwa ali ndi mphamvu yosungira shuga. Makamaka, pamene zizindikiro za acidity mlingo wa zamkati zimangokhala 5-6 g / l, shuga wokhudzana ndi chipatso chafika 16-19%.
Akatswiri omwe akuyesa kufufuza mitundu yatsopano ya mphesa, zipatso za mphesa "Valentine" adalandira ulemu waukulu. Makamaka, mapewa awo olawa ndi ofanana ndi 8.6 mfundo.
Momwe mungakweretse masango a mphesa a "Valentina" ndipo ndi liti pamene mungayambe kuwasonkhanitsa?
Inde, kuti mtundu wokongola wosakanizidwa wa mphesa suyenera kuyembekezera kukhumudwa kulikonse pa fruiting.
Ndipotu, "Valentina" amaonedwa kuti ndi okwezeka kwambiri., komanso amayamikizidwa kuti akhale ndi mtendere wa fruiting.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kutchula chidwi chakuti shrub ya ofotokoza mphesa mwamsanga imalowa nthawi fruiting.
Izi ndizophatikizidwa kwambiri ndi chiwerengero cha kukula komanso kukula.
Pa fruiting yoyamba, zokolola sizidzakhala zapamwamba, koma ndi nyengo yotsatira ikuwonjezeka ndi 1.5-2 nthawi.
Ponena za fruiting, m'pofunika kuzindikira kukula kwa mphukira (ndi ¾ kapena kutalika konse). Komanso, mphukira zambiri za kuthengo zimabereka, chifukwa chizindikiro cha chikhalidwe ichi ndi 60-75%.
Pa mphukira imodzi kawirikawiri timagulu timene timapanga 1-2 timapanga, chophika cha zipatso za chitsamba - 1.1-1.2. Ndiponso, gawo laling'ono kwambiri la zokolola lingapangidwe pa ana opeza.
Kukolola mawonekedwe a mphesa amayamba pakatikati, kumapeto kwa August, masiku oyambirira a September.
Kawirikawiri, nyengo ya zomera zimadutsa mokwanira masiku 130-140, pamene zipatsozo zimakula mokwanira, ngakhale mosaganizira kukula kwa magulu. Chifukwa cha izi, mbewuyi imatha kuphuka pamene ikukula tchire m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia.
Ubwino wa "Valentina": Ndi makhalidwe ati a mphesa omwe ali ofunikira kwambiri?
Ubwino wa mphesa uwu ndi zambiri. Tiyeni tiyesere kuwafotokozera mwachidule ndikuwonetsanso zomwe sizinatchulidwe:
- Kukula kwakukulu kwa mphesa ndi zipatso, komanso mawonekedwe osazolowereka komanso kukoma kwake.
- Kupanda zipatso za mtola pa masango, komanso kuphulika kwa chitsamba, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha maluwa amodzi.
- Masangowa ali ndi khalidwe labwino kwambiri la zamalonda, komanso kukhala woyenera kwa kayendedwe ka nthawi yaitali.
- Ngakhale kuti kukula kwake ndikutalika, gulu lake limapsa kwambiri mpaka lonselo. Ambiri amakhulupilira kuti gawo lakumunsi la gululo liyenera kuchotsedwa, koma pazofotokozedwa zosiyanasiyana, izi zidzakuvulazani.
- Zipatso zabwino ndizo zabwino kwa okonda zokoma, chifukwa ndizo ma fomu a tebulo.
- Amadziwika ndi kukhazikika kovuta, zomwe zimawonekera makamaka kuti zitha kutsutsana ndi mildew, oidium ndi gray rot.
- Mpesa kutsutsana ndi chisanu ndipamwamba kwambiri, mpaka -24ºС. Komabe, kutentha uku, impso, zomwe zimatha kulekerera kutentha kwa -22ºС, zimatha kuvutika kwambiri.
- Ndi mphesa yotchuka kwambiri yomwe imalimbikitsa mafanizidwe kukula "Valentine" osati okha, komanso kugulitsa.
Kodi pali zoperewera pazinthu zosiyanasiyana: ndi zofunika kuti tcheru tikamakula tchire "Valentina"?
Zipatso za mphesa zomwe zafotokozedwa zili ndi madzi ambiri. M'zaka zamvula kwambiri, izi zimasewera nkhanza ndi iwo, chifukwa amatha kusokoneza. Mwamwayi, anthu sanaphunzire momwe angagwirire ndi zochitika zachilengedwe, kotero muyenera kukhala okonzekera kuti pa chifukwa ichi gawo laling'ono la zokolola mphesa likhoza kutayika.
Omwe amamwa vinyo ovuta kwambiri nthawi zina amatchula zolephera ndi kukhalapo kwa mbeu 2-3 mu zipatso, zomwe sizimakhudza momwe zimaonekera pa zipatso za zipatso.
Komanso, si aliyense amene amayamikira "zowawa" mwa zipatsozi, nthawi zina kuziwona ngati mtundu wina wa matenda osadziwika. Koma, tikuganiza kuti takudziwani bwino ndi mphesa izi mokwanira ndipo zinthu ziwiri zomaliza sizidzasocheretsani.
Ndi zophweka bwanji kudzala "Valentine" mphesa? Phunzirani ndikuchita
Kubzala mphesa kumayamba ndi kusankha malo komwe zingakhale bwino kuti zikule ndi kubereka zipatso. Pambuyo pake, chikhalidwe ichi chili ndi zokonda zina, zomwe ziyenera kuwerengedwa.
Choyamba, chiwalitsiro, chifukwa mphesa ndiwopseza kwambiri dzuwa. Komanso, m'malo othuthuka, palibe chiyembekezo chakuti kukula kwa chitsamba kumakula bwino. Pachifukwa ichi, ndi bwino kudzala chitsamba kumbali ya kumwera kwa malowa, kotero kuti kuchokera kumpoto kumatetezedwa ndi nyumba kapena mitengo kuchokera kumphepo.
Ndifunikanso kuganizira zochitika za mpumulo ndi nthaka. Pachiyambi choyamba, kukwera kwazing'ono kungakhale kosavuta, chifukwa mpweya wozizira umathamanga m'madera otsika, ndipo umayambitsa matenda a fungalini m'munda wamphesa.
Ponena za nthaka, kawirikawiri, mawonekedwe ofotokozedwa ndi chikhalidwe chawo chonse alibe zokonda zina pankhaniyi. Koma Ndi bwino kubzala baka mu nthaka yabwino, malo abwino omwe ndi nthaka yakuda.
Ngati nthaka isakwanire, imatha kubzalidwa pokhapokha, yomwe imakhudza kukula kwa chitsamba ndi fruiting.
Nkofunikanso kulingalira moyenera malo omwe akufunikira kuti apereke chitsamba, kuti asafese tchire kwambiri. Popeza "Valentina" chitsamba chili ndi kukula kwakukulu, ndibwino kukonza mapulani 4x6 mamita. Pankhaniyi, mizu yonse ndi mphukira zidzakhala ndi malo okwanira kuti zikule komanso kupeza zinthu zofunika.
Koma palinso mfundo ina yofunikira - kuya kwa pansi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mizu ya mphesa nthawi zambiri imapita mozama kwambiri mu kuya, ndipo ikhoza kutsukidwa ndi madzi awa. Choncho, ngati madzi apansi akukwera mamita atatu kufika pa nthaka, onetsetsani kuti mukukumba pa tsamba lanu kayendedwe ka ngalande.
Kodi mungaganizire bwanji nthawi yodzala mipesa?
Ndi nthawi yomwe simukusowa kulingalira, koma kuti mudziwe nthawi ndi mtundu wanji wa zipangizo zobzala. Choyamba, tiyeneranso kutchula kuti mphesa zimabzalidwa nthawi yamasika ndi yophukira. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kusankha kwa nyengo imodzi kapena kwina kulibe kanthu, chifukwa aliyense ali ndi zofunikira zake.
Mu kasupe, masiku odzala ndi otambasula, koma apa mukhoza kuyenda njira yobzala.
Kumayambiriro kasupe, mbande zimabzalidwa kapena zidutswa zimabzalidwa, zomwe zasungidwa kufikira nthawi ino chiyambireni masika. Pakati pa kasupe, mukhoza kupanga nthambi, kapena kubzala mbande. Koma kumapeto kwa nyengo komanso ngakhale masiku oyambirira a chilimwe, mukhoza kubzala mbande zobiriwira.
M'dzinja, zosankha ndi njira zochezera zimakhala zosiyana, chifukwa panthawi ino ya chaka n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zokhazikika. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti n'kosatheka kubzala mofulumira kwambiri, kuti mphesa zisayambe kukula mu chisanu, koma n'zosatheka kubzala mphesa m'nyengo yozizira. Choncho, nthawi yabwino kwambiri idzakhala pakati pa mwezi wa October.
Timafesa mphesa: chofunika kuti tisaiwale?
Musanadzalemo mmera, mu masabata 2-3 ndikofunika kukonzekera dzenje. Izi zachitika mofulumira chifukwa chake dzenje liri ndi feteleza wochuluka ndi nthaka yachonde, yomwe imayenera kufota musanayambe kubzala chitsamba cha mphesa.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga feteleza potaziyamu mchere, humus, nayitrogeni ndi superphosphates. Kuti asawononge mizu ndi ndondomeko yambiri, dothi lopanda feteleza liyenera kutsanuliridwa.
Kukonza mmera sikungotenge nthawi yochuluka, koma chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi kusankha mbeu yabwino komanso yosadetsedwa. Makamaka, samverani mizu, mizu yathanzi yomwe iyenera kukhala yoyera.
Asanafike mizu imamizidwa m'madzi kwa masiku angapo kuti awonjezere mphamvu zake. Mukhoza kuwathetsa ndi njira zomwe zingathandize kupanga mapangidwe.
Pewani mmera mu dzenje musaiwale kuti mizu yake imakhala pansi pa nthaka, ndipo zowonjezera, imadzazidwa nazo. Kuika malirewo ayenera kukhala mosamala ndi pang'onopang'ono, kuyesera kuti asawononge mizu, koma kuti asasiye mpweya ndi mpweya.
Pa chifukwa ichi, pakati pa ndondomeko yofotokozedwa, 10 malita a madzi amatsanulidwira m'dzenje. Madzi amafunikanso pomaliza kubzala kwachisamba cha mphesa kuti amwe madzi ambiri. Musaiwale komanso za chithandizo cha chitsamba ndi kukulumikizana kwa nthaka pozungulira.
N'zosangalatsanso kuwerenga za mphesa zoyambirira
Kuphatikizira mphesa cuttings: ndi zophweka bwanji?
Kukula mphesa kuchokera kumsika wakale komanso kudula "Valentina" mukufunikira:
- Kukonzekera phesi ndi kutalika kwa 2-3 peepholes.
- Dulani mbali yapansi ya kudula kuchokera kumbali zonsezo ndikuziponya m'madzi mpaka nthawi yomangirizanitsa.
- Komanso, phesi ikhoza kugwedezeka, zomwe zidzawonjezera kukhazikika kwake ndi kupirira kwake.
- Kukonzekera kwa katundu woyamba kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa chitsamba chakale, pambuyo pake padzakhala zokwanira kuti asiye chitsa cha masentimita 10.
- Dothi lodulidwa liyenera kukhala losalala, liyeneranso kutsukidwa kuti likhale losavuta.
- Kuphatikizira phesi, muyenera kugawanika pang'ono ndi nkhwangwa yaing'ono.
Komanso, kudula kumayikidwa mugawanika. Muyenera kukulitsa chigawo chokha chomwe chidadulidwa kale. Kuti apange mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pawo, katunduyo amamangiriridwa mwamphamvu komanso amachotsedwa ndi dongo. Kenaka - zochitika zomwezo zomwe zimachitika mukamabzala mphesa ndi sapling: kukumba mu chithandizo, kuthirira ndi kukulitsa nthaka.
Kusamalira mphesa "Valentine": Ndi zinthu ziti zofunika zomwe siziyenera kuiwalika?
- Mphesa zimakonda chinyezi komanso kudya nthawi zonse. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuthirira ndi kuthira tchire zomwe zimabereka kale zipatso, izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa nyengo yomwe ikukula nyengo yachitsamba, kapena ngakhale kale. Mavitamini ndi potaziyamu feteleza feteleza, komanso organic, amakhala ndi mphesa yabwino.
- Pambuyo kuthirira kulikonse, nthaka yoyandikana ndi tsinde la chitsamba cha mphesa iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mulch - moss kapena utuchi.
- Pofuna kupanga mapangidwe akuluakulu, ndikofunikira kutchera chitsamba nthawi iliyonse yophukira. Komabe, ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mawonekedwe a mphesa amafotokozedwa mwachidule kapena kudulira pakati.
- "Valentina" amatanthauza kuphimba kapena kumapeto kwa mitundu ya mphesa, zomwe siziyenera kuwalika pamene nyengo yozizira yayandikira.
- Pofuna kuteteza chitsamba ku matenda, nthawi zonse amapopera ndi herbicides popewera matenda. Mankhwalawa akuchitika kawiri pamaso maluwa a chitsamba ndi pa mapangidwe nandolo pa mphesa inflorescences.
