Ngakhale kutchuka kwa mphesa zatsopano ndi mtundu wawo wosakanizidwa, ambiri amakhalabe okhulupirika ku zolamba zawo zakale ndipo akhala akukula mphesa zowonjezereka zaka zambiri.
Omwe akulima vinyo sakuopa zovuta za chisamaliro ndi matenda omwe angatheke m'tchire, popeza mwayi wokhala zipatso zabwino kwambiri za chikhalidwechi ndizowathandiza kwambiri.
Mbewu yamtundu uwu ndi mitundu ya "Lady Fingers", yomwe tidzakulangizani m'nkhaniyi pansipa.
Komanso, cholinga chathu sichidzangotchulidwa zokhazokha zokhazokha, koma ndikuphunzitseni momwe mungakulire bwino mu chiwembu chanu ndikukupatsani chisamaliro chofunikira.
Chinsinsi cha kutchuka kwa "Ladies Fingers": tsatanetsatane wa zosiyana
Kulima kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwa zaka mazana ambiri kunapanga alimi a mayiko a Central Asia, kumene adabweretsedwa koyamba ku dera la Crimea, ndipo pang'onopang'ono anafalikira ku Ukraine ndi madera ena a Russia.
Dzina lakuti "Zolemba za Lady" silopachiyambi, koma adaperekedwa kwa mphesa iyi chifukwa cha zipatso zake ndipo zimagulitsidwa. Katswiri wa sayansi ya viticulture, amatchulidwa kuti "Husayne Bely", ngakhale kuti mu Dagestan imatchedwanso "Shakh-Izyum", ndi ku Russia - "Bocal" mphesa.
Ngakhale kuti pali zolakwa zambiri, ndidakali mphesa zabwino kwambiri za ku East, chifukwa makhalidwe ake a mowa ndi zizindikiro zokolola sizinakonzedwe ndi wofalitsa aliyense.
Ponena za dera la mitundu yosiyana siyana, tidziŵe kuti sizingatheke kukulitsa kwambiri, popeza kutentha kwambiri ndi masiku a dzuwa amafunika kukolola zipatso za "Lady Fingers". Komanso imatulutsa nthawi yaitali ndipo ikadzala m'dera la nyengo yapakati ku Russia, ilibe nthawi yokhwima.
Mabomba "Manyowa Amayi": Chiwonetsero cha kukongola kwa mphesa kummawa
Masango a mphesa zotchulidwa sizinapangidwe nthawizonse mofananirana kwa wina ndi mzake, ngati tiziyesa mu kukula kwake. Zigawo za kutalika kwake zimatha kusiyana ndi masentimita 18 mpaka 50, ndipo m'kati mwake - kuyambira 16 mpaka 26.
Mwachidziwikiratu, nthawi zambiri mauthengawa amapezeka pokhapokha atakula "Madona a Ladies" m'mayiko otentha a ku Central Asia, ngakhale kuti tiri ndi zizindikiro zomwezo ndi chakudya chambiri komanso zaka zopambana. Polemera, iwo akhoza kukhala osambira ndi aakulu, koma pafupifupi misa ya gulu limodzi nthawi zambiri ndi makilogalamu 0,4 okha.
Iwo amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a conical, zipatso zimapachikidwa kwambiri, ngakhale kuti sizili zolimba.
Koma phindu lofunika kwambiri la "Maina a Ladies" nthawi zonse amakhalabe zipatso, zomwe ndi zazikulu kwambiri. Kawirikawiri, zipatso zamakono zimatha kutalika kwa 2.6 mpaka 3.9 masentimita, pamene m'lifupi mwake akhoza kufika peresenti 16 ndi 26.
Zoonadi, siziwonetsa zizindikiro zolemera pakati pa zipatso za mphesa, ngakhale zili ndi kulemera kwabwino - magalamu 5-7. Kawirikawiri amadziwika osati mawonekedwe, koma ndi mtundu wa khungu: nthawi zambiri akhoza kukhala wobiriwira kapena wachikasu-pinki wokhala ndi dzuwa.
Pogwiritsa ntchito khungu ayenera kumvetsera kukhalapo kwa sera yakuya, yomwe imapanga pamwamba pa zipatso ndi filimu yopyapyala. Koma kawirikawiri, khungu ndi lochepa kwambiri, limaswa pamene lidyedwa, sichikhudza kukoma kwa zipatso.
Koposa zonse, amakopeka ogula ndi ogulitsa vinyo ndi kukoma kwawo. Shuga yowutsa mudyo mphesa "Madona a Ladies" pa nthawi yakucha amakhala okwera kwambiri kusiyana ndi acidity. Ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito lingaliro la "kukoma kwa mphesa", ndiye chizindikiro cha icho chingakhale chofotokozedwa mosiyanasiyana.
Komanso, amadziwika ndi fungo lapadera, zomwe zingakhale zabwino zokometsera za chapamimba madzi otsekemera. Kwambiri iye ndi seedlessKomabe, mu zipatso zina, miyala yambiri yapamwamba ndi yofiira ingapangidwe.
Zokolola za "Madona a Ladies": momwe angapangire mitundu yeniyeni ya mphesa
Shrub yamphamvu ndi kukhalapo kwa duwa ndi ntchito za amuna ndi akazi amalola mphesa iyi kupereka zipatso zosabala zipatso zabwino kwambiri. Zotsatira za fruiting ndizolembedwa kuyambira kuchokera hekita imodzi nthawi zambiri zimatha kusonkhanitsa matani oposa 40 a zipatso zabwino. Inde, chifukwa cha zotsatira zoterozo, mphesa ziyenera kupereka zowonjezera bwino. Zikudziwonetseratu bwino mu kulima mafakitale.
Monga mitundu yambiri yamphesa ya ku Asia, "Lady Fingers" amakhala ndi nthawi yochuluka yokolola. Zomera za kuthengo pamakhala masiku 140. Komabe, njirayi ingakhudzidwe kwambiri ndi nyengo ya kutentha kwa nyengo, choncho ku Central Asia imatha kukhala ndi kukhwima kotheka mu masiku 130 okha, ndiko kumayambiriro kwa September, ndi kumadera a Kherson ndi kumpoto - mpaka masiku 155, kumapeto kwa September.
Koma ngakhale zili choncho, ambiri angakhumudwe. fruiting zosasintha tchire tafotokoza mitundu, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosakhazikika.
Ndiponso kubereka zipatso tchire "Zolemba zazimayi" yambani kokha chaka chachisanuKuti poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ingawoneke nthawi yayitali. Komabe, mwayi wokonda pang'ono za mphesa zako zingaperekedwenso pang'ono, chifukwa nthawi zina zokolola zina zimapangidwa pa mphukira zina.
Ndimasangalatsanso kuwerenga za mphesa zamakono
Tchulani ubwino waukulu wa "Zolemba za Lady"
- Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi mkulu kwambiri zokolola, zabwino kwambiri masango ndi zipatso.
- Kulawa zinthu zapaderazi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yoyera.
- Kukhalapo kwa maluwa a amuna ndi akazi, zomwe zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri poyambitsa chitsamba.
- Mitengo ya zipatso imakhala ndi cholinga, koma ndi yabwino kwambiri popanga zoumba zapamwamba kwambiri.
Izi zimathandizidwa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mbewu m'mitengo, komanso kuti zotsatira zake zimatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali.
- Mphesa zimakhala ndi machiritso ambiri, zimakhudza chifuwa chowuma ndipo zimathandiza kwambiri kukulitsa ndi kukula kwa thupi la mwanayo, lili ndi mavitamini ambiri.
Dziŵani zolephera za zosiyanasiyana ndi momwe mungachitire nazo
Mwamwayi, pali zofooka zambiri mu mphesa za "Lady Fingers", chifukwa chake siziri za mitundu yolemekezeka kwambiri pakati pa ogulitsa vinyo amakono. Pamodzi ndi zipatso zapamwamba kwambiri ndi zokolola zabwino, izi mphesa zimakhala zosakhazikika kwambiri.
Choyamba chimakhudza zitsamba ndi kusakwanitsa kupirira kutentha. Kumbali imodzi, izi zimawoneka ngati zachilengedwe kwa chomera chakummawa, koma zimabweretsa mavuto ambiri, chifukwa popanda kuwononga mpesa ndi masamba, chitsamba chingakhoze kulekerera kutentha kwa -11ºС. Choncho, popanda malo osamala kwambiri, mphesa iyi sidzatha kusinthanitsa nyengo yozizira ngakhale ku Crimea.
Ndiponso, "Zolemba za Lady" nthawi zambiri komanso mwamphamvu zingakhudzidwe ndi matenda a fungal. Makamaka kwambiri akhoza kukhala nyengo yotentha, pamene chitsamba cha mphesa chinalongosola mitundu iyenera kumvetsera mwatcheru.
Ngakhale cholinga cha kupewa, chimaperekedwa mobwerezabwereza kuposa mitundu ina. Mankhwala amafunikira chitsamba, ngakhale m'dzinja.
Koma pakukonzekera, mvetserani mfundo imodzi yofunika kwambiri: pamene zizindikiro za matenda zikuwonekera, choyamba muyenera kudziwa mtundu wake ndi zizindikiro, ndiyeno mugwiritse ntchito mankhwala omwe akuthana ndi matenda enaake.
Kuonjezera apo, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'mlengalenga ndi nthaka kungapangitse zipatso kuti zivunda. Ngakhale bowa sichimabala mofulumira mvula yamvula, kuwonongeka kungawononge kwambiri gawo la mbeu. Onetsetsani kuti mukutsatira izi ndikuchotsa zipatso zomwe zawonongeka kale, kuti zowola zisapitsidwe kwa omwe adakali ndi thanzi labwino.
Chomera mphesa ndi mbande ndi kumtumikizanitsa: kufotokozera zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi zoyamikira
Kukongoletsa bwalo lanu ndi zokongola za "Lady Fingers" baka mphesa sizingakhale zovuta pang'ono, popeza kupeza masamba kapena cuttings a mphesa izi ndi zophweka. Sipadzakhala zovuta pakufika pamtunda, ngati mukukonzekeretseratu izi ndikuziganizira zofunikira zonse.
Malo abwino oti akule mphesa: muyenera kulingalira chiyani?
Inde, kupeza malo abwino ndi kovuta, komabe n'kotheka.
Chofunika kwambiri, chimakhala bwino ndipo chatsekedwa kuchokera kumpoto kwa mphepo. Pachifukwa ichi, njira yabwino ingakhale mbali ya kumwera (kumwera-kumadzulo) kwa malo anu, omwe atsekedwa kuchokera kumpoto ndi nyumba kapena mitengo.
Musaiwale kuganizira momwe mungathe kumeta chitsamba cha mphesa ndi zomera zina, zomwe siziyenera kuloledwa ngakhale.
Ndikofunika kuganizira zokonda za mphesa kunthaka. Zokolola kwambiri ndizo, bwino. Koma ngati simungathe kupereka chitsamba chotero, dothi lirilonse likhoza kukhala labwino la umuna ndikukonzedwanso ndi kukweza ntchitoyi nthawi zina. Koma mulimonsemo ndizotheka kusankha dothi lowala.
Mukamabzala mphesa musaiwale za m'madzi. Kuti asawononge mizu ya chitsamba, kuya kwake kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 2.5-3 mamita. Apo ayi, njira yokhayo yothetsera webusaiti yanu idzakhala yomanga kayendedwe ka madzi kapena dziwe.
Chiwembu chodzala mphesa "Manyowa a Ladies" - 3x5 +/- mita imodzi.
Ndi mawu otani amene angakonde kubzala mphesa?
Phindu lalikulu la zomerazi ndi luso lodzala nthawi iliyonse ya chaka (ndithudi, kupatula m'nyengo yozizira). Chowonadi ndi chakuti mawu enieni akhoza kuchedwa kwambiri, ndipo muyenera kutsogoleredwa ndi njira yobzala yomwe munaganiza kuti mufalitse mphesa zanu.
Ngati ndi mbuto zokhala ndi tulo ndi katemera (chifukwa cha katemera) - chiyambi-pakatikati chakumapeto ndi pakati pa mwezi wa October chidzachita. Kwa mbande zobiriwira zomwe zakhala zikuphulika komanso masamba, muyenera kuyembekezera kutentha kwa masika kutentha, nthawi zina ngakhale chilimwe. N'zotheka kuti inoculate the cuttings pamapeto a nyengo ya masika, chifukwa mutatha kusintha, iwo adzayamba kukula mwamsanga, ndipo adzakhazikitsidwa ndi autumn.
N'zotheka kufalitsa chikhalidwe ichi mothandizidwa ndi nthambi, patsiku, komanso m'chilimwe. Nthambi (mphukira za chitsamba cha mphesa), owazidwa ndi dothi, imachoka mofulumira kwambiri, zomwe zimalola kuti nthawi yomweyo kuziika ngati chitsamba chodzaza.
Mbewu za mphesa ndi zomwe zimabzalidwa: Kodi zingakulire bwanji "Dona Zala"?
Kuti mpesa udzalidwe ndi minga pambali yake, mwamsanga msinthidwe ndikulowa zipatso mofulumira, ukabzala mu dzenje, feteleza ayenera kutsanulira. Izi zidzakupangitsani kukhala kosavuta kugwira ntchito, chifukwa zaka zoyambirira za kukula, mphesa sizingadyetsedwe, ndipo zimakhudza kwambiri chitsamba chomwecho.
Dzenje la mbande za mphesa liyenera kukhala lakuya - pafupifupi masentimita 80. Kusakaniza kwa nthaka yabwino, kompositi yabwino ndi feteleza zamchere zimatsanulidwira mmenemo (superphosphates ndi potaziyamu ndi zabwino kwambiri, komanso nayitrogeni).
Pambuyo feteleza, dothi lina limatsanulira kuti liwalekanitse iwo ku mizu ya mmera. Pambuyo pake, dzenje limasiyidwa kwa nthawi, pomwe zonse zomwe zili mkati mwake zidzathera, ndipo zidzatheka kudzala mmera.
Mukayenera kusankha sapling, musataye mizu yake. Ngati zowonongeka, zouma kapena zowonongeka - sapling yomweyi siidzatha kusintha ndikukula pakukula. Mizu yathanzi iyenera kukhala yoyera, yopangidwa bwino.
Kukhala moyo kupiritsa chinyezi chake musanafike, kumizidwa m'madzi kwa masiku angapo. Pambuyo pazimenezi ndizotheka kuziponya mu dzenje ndikuziika. Izi zachitidwa mosamala kwambiri, kuti zisayambe kuwononga mizu. Pakatikati mwa njirayi, mutha kutsanulira madzi m'dzenje, lomwe lidzagwedeza nthawi yomweyo nthaka.
Mukakumba dzenje lonse, tsitsani mmera wanu kachiwiri ndi kumangirira mu nthaka pafupi ndi chithandizo cholimba. Chifukwa cha iye, chitsamba chamtsogolo sichidzayenda pansi.
Mukamabzala mphesa ndizofunika kuganizira kuti mizu ya mizu ya mchengayo siidakonzedwe ndi dothi. Ndi cholinga ichi kuti timakonzekera dzenje ndikukulangizani kuti muike pang'onopang'ono mbeuyo pang'onopang'ono komanso mosamala.
Ankalumikiza mphesa cuttings ndi zinsinsi zake zonse
Kujambula grafting kungaoneke ngati njira yosavuta komanso yowonjezera ndalama, koma ngati pali mphesa yakale mu chiwembu chanu, zomwe mukufuna kusintha. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi kukonzekera bwino cuttings.
Mukhoza kukolola nthawi yophukira kapena kumayambiriro kwa masika. Chokwanira, kotero kuti kutalika kwawo kunalibe maso oposa 2-3. Kuti muyanjane bwino ndi katundu, komwe kudula kudzaphatikizidwa m'tsogolomu, gawo lake la pansi ndilodulidwa pambali zonse ziwiri. Kuphatikizanso mmera, phesi liyenera kuchepetsedwa musanayambe kusinthanitsa madzi.
Kukonzekera kwa katundu wokha ndiko kuchotsa chitsamba chakale ndi kuchotsa otsala otsala. Chitsulo cha 10-centimita chimagawanika mofanana pakati, kotero kuti mpata umenewo umatha kukhala wodula. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, phesiyo imatsika kugawikana ndi gawo lake lokhazikitsidwa, kenako limakhala lolimba ndi lofunda ndi dothi lonyowa.
Pambuyo kumtengowo musaiwale kumwa madzi, pogwiritsa ntchito malita 30 a madzi. Komanso, chitsamba chamtsogolo chimafunikira thandizo, chomwe chingamangidwe mwamsanga. Zidzakhala bwino kwambiri pachitchire chovala chake chapamwamba nthaka mulching kuzungulira thunthu.
Timasamalira mphesa ndikukwaniritsira zosowa zonse zakutchire
- Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi chinyezi. Amapereka mphamvu kuti chitsamba ndikupanga mbewu. Kuthirira chitsamba ndi pokhapokha mutalowa m'nyengo yokula, isanayambe maluwa komanso pambuyo pake. Mvula sichiiwala kusungunula nthaka.
- Kusunga chinyezi bwino pansi - ndibwino kuti tiziphimbe ndi mulch. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mapepala otsiriza, humus, utuchi ndi ngakhale moss.
- Kupaka pamwamba pa chitsamba cha mphesa - kupambana kwa tsogolo labwino. Zimagwiritsidwa nthawi zonse m'chaka ndi m'dzinja. Mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi organic mineral.
- Chitsamba cha "Ladies Vidole" chikudulidwa chaka chilichonse. Pambuyo kudulira chitsamba chachikulire, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisiye mphukira 9 zokha (koma makamaka zocheperako), zomwe zilizonse siziyenera kukhala ndi maso oposa 15.
- Popeza izi zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri ndi chisanu, kuzizira kumakhala bwino kukula mu greenhouses, chifukwa sizingatheke kuzisunga kuchokera 25 ° C pansi pa zero.
- Musaiwale za mankhwala opopera. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuzichita musanayambe maluwa. Sankhani mankhwala kuti muthane ndi oidium ndi powdery mildew.
