Mlimi aliyense mu ntchito yake mndandanda ali ndi chikhalidwe, pamene kukula komwe nthawizonse chinachake ndi cholakwika, inde ayi osati.
Zina mwa mbewu zimenezi kwa anthu ambiri, radishes ndi zosiyana.
Chikhalidwe chosauka kwambiri.
Zikuwoneka kuti pali chidziwitso chokwanira cha kulima radish, koma zokolola sizili zokondwa - misala yosauka imakula.
Tinaganiza zothandiza kuthetsa vutoli ndi wamaluwawa.
Tinapeza mfundo zonse zamtengo wapatali zokhudzana ndi kukula kwa radish, kuyang'ana m'munda wathu, ndipo tsopano ndife okondwa kuuza ena zomwe takumana nazo.
Kukonzekera chodzala radishes kapena, kodi, pamene pakufunika kwa munda?
Radish chikhalidwe ndi ozizira zosagwira. Kulima, simungathe kupereka malo osiyana, ndikubzala kutsogolo kwa zomera zokonda kutentha.
Choyamba, isanafike nthawi yobzala mbewu za chikhalidwe, radishes ali ndi nthawi yakubala.
Ndipo, kachiwiri, ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuwala kwa chikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufesa radishes pa malo omwe mukukonzekera kukula tomato m'tsogolomu, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa mbewu zingapo za radishes, ngati mutabzala sabata iliyonse.
Choncho, iwe ndi nthaka mudzakonzekera kubzala mbewu yotsatira.
Kukonzekera Mbewu: Bwanji osatayika muchisankho chachikulu? zomwe mungasankhe?
Ngati mwalima radish si nthawi yoyamba, ndiye, ndithudi, pali zitsimikiziridwa kuti inu mumakonda amakonda. Koma, ngati mukukumana ndi kukula kwa mbeuyi kwa nthawi yoyamba, kapena mwasankha kusiyanitsa zakudya zanu, mfundo zotsatirazi zidzakuthandizani.
Pafupifupi mbewu zonse zomwe zimalimidwa zimakhala ndi mitundu yakale yovomerezeka, ndipo pali oyamba kumene, nthawi zambiri zowonongeka. Zing'onoting'ono zimadziwika ndi kukana kwambiri zovuta, zokolola, maonekedwe okongola ndi zosavuta.
Ngati pazilembo za mbeu mukuwona F1, ndiye kuti musanakhale mbewu za hybrids.
Ngati simukudziwa kuti ndi mbeu ziti zomwe zimakonda: hybrids kapena mitundu, yesetsani ena ndi ena, pamapeto pa kuyesa kotero mutadziwa kale zomwe mumakonda.
Choyamba muyenera kusankha komwe mukufesa radishes. Malinga ndi izi, panthawi yogula mosamalitsa muwerenge kufotokozera.
Pokhapokha ngati mukukula radishes m'nthaka yotetezedwa, muyenera kusankha mitundu yomwe ikuyenera kukula mu malo obiriwira, ndipo imatha kukulira chaka chonse. Mitundu iyi sikuti ikuwombera.
Kodi mungakonde kupeza mbeu yoyamba ya radish? Ndiye perekani zokonda oyambirira ndi akupanga-oyambirira hybrids ndi mitundu.
Kawirikawiri pamapangidwe a mbewu zoterozo pali chizindikiro: "masiku 16", "masiku 18". Ngati kutentha kwakukulu kuli 16-19 ° C, muzuwo udzakhazikitsidwa kwa masiku 18-22.
Izi ndi zofunika kudziwa! Oyambirira ndi ultra oyambirira hybrids ndizu mbewu kupanga mofulumira kwambiri. Ndipo atatha kukula kwa masentimita asanu amasiya kukula. Izi zakhala zitayikidwa kale. Choncho, musayembekezere zipatso zazikulu kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nkofunikanso kupewa perederzhivat iwo pamabedi, mizu idzayamba kukula, kukhala osadziwika.
Ngati mukukonzekera kubzala mbeu ndi mbeu zosasinthidwa, ndibwino kuti musanayambe kuziyika ndi kuziwongolera musanamangidwe.
Kuyeza kungatheke poyesa mbeu kupyolera mu sieve ndi maselo awiri, kenako ndiyitali kwambiri. Iyenera kuthiridwa kwa masiku 1-3, kotero nthawi ya kumera idzafupikitsidwa ndipo idzapita mochuluka.
Zing'onozing'ono za nthawi yomwe nthawi zambiri imabweretsa radishes
Chofunika kwambiri cha radish ndi nyengo yake yakucha. Fans ya mitundu yambiri yamayambiriro angalangizidwe kuti ayang'anire: "Early Red", "masiku 18", "Ultra Oyambirira Yofiira".
Koma, kumbukirani, ngati muwerenga pa phukusi limene nthawi yokolola ili ndi masiku ambiri, ndiye kuti chizindikiro ichi chimayenderana ndi kulima mbewu pamtunda wotentha (+15 - + 30 degrees).
Ngati mutakula mokhazikika, ndiye kutentha kumafunika kutentha usana ndi usiku. Pansi pa zovuta zina, kulima radish kudzachedwa.
Tiyeneranso kutchulidwa kuti kukula kwa mbewu kumakhudza nthawi yomwe yakucha radish. Nkhuku zazikulu, poyamba radish imakula.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi: liti kuyamba? Komabe, ndiyenera kuyamba?
Ndibwino kukonzekera nthaka kubzala radish kuyambira autumn. Musanagule, pangani 1 m2: pafupifupi 50 magalamu a superphosphate, 15 magalamu a potashi ndi mchere ndi theka la chidebe cha humus kapena kompositi yowonongeka.
Ngati simunakonzekere nthaka mu kugwa, ndiye kuti chinthu chachikulu sichiyenera kulakwitsa m'chaka. Musayambe kuyamwa manyowa panthaka, kuchokera ku radish iyi idzakhala yopanda mkati. Kuvala pamwamba kumatheka kokha ndi zinthu zowonongeka.
Radishi imakula bwino pamtunda wovuta, pamfuyo mosavuta. Ngati dothi likulemera, ndiye kuti mchenga, kompositi, ndi peat ndale sungakhoze kuwonjezeredwa.
Ph acidity yabwino ndi 5.5-7.0. Nthaka imakhala yowonongeka, ndibwino kuti iwonjeze, kapena kuwonjezera phulusa, mwinamwake chipatso chidzakhala chosavuta ku matenda a nkhundu (kukula kumakula pa chipatso).
Otsogolera abwino a radish ndi: nyemba, tomato, mbatata, nkhaka.
Ngati bedi likonzekera bwino, chikhalidwe sichidzadyetsa kudya. Koma, ngati mwazindikira kuti:
- Chomera ndi mizu sizinapangidwe, ndipo masamba amakhala achikasu, m'pofunika kudyetsa chomera ndi nitrogen feteleza. Mwachitsanzo, zingakhale: dandelion kulowetsedwa ndi nettle, kapena kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa (1 chikho cha phulusa pa 10 malita a madzi).
- Ngati masamba amawoneka abwino, koma muzuwo sungamangirire, kenaka pangani feteleza.
Kodi mungakonze bwanji radish kubzala bwino?
Radish ndi tsiku lalitali chikhalidwe, ozizira kwambiri kusagwira. Malingana ndi izi, ndibwino kuti tiyambe kufesa mwamsanga. Ngati dothi liri lotetezedwa - ndiye mukhoza kuyamba kufesa m'zaka khumi za March.
Ngati kufesa kumachitika pansi pa filimu kapena kutseguka pansi, ndiye kuyambira theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa April, nthaka ikangololeza. Monga mwasankha, mukhoza kuthera kufesa m'nyengo yozizira.
N'zotheka kukhala ndi radishes patebulo pachaka pokhapokha ngati mfundozi zikufalikira:
- Pambuyo pofesa koyamba kwa radishes, n'zotheka kubzala belt conveyor kwa chaka chathunthu, motero, pitirizani kupeza zokolola zatsopano. Kuti muchite izi, mukhoza kufesa mbeu yomweyo mutangoyamba kubzala mbeu imodzi kapena ziwiri. Njira iyi yobzala ndi yotheka kwa mitundu yosagwirizana ndi tsvetushnosti.
- Ngati kufesa kumachitika kumapeto kwa May, kapena kumayambiriro kwa June (mukhoza kufesa pambuyo pa letesi kapena anyezi ndi nthenga), ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti bedi likhale bwino, koma popanda kugunda dzuwa masana. Ngati mubzala mu penumbra yosatha, ndiye kuti simudzakula radishes, koma nsonga. Ndibwino kuti mutseke bedi kwa masiku 10 kapena 12 otsatira ndi filimu yamdima (kuyambira 7:00 mpaka 7-8 am). Momwemonso, mudzathandiza kuti chitukukocho chisakhale cha maluwa, koma chazitsamba.
- Pofesa kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa July, bedi la munda liyeneranso kutsekedwa ndi zojambulazo, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti dothi liri lonyowa mokwanira.
- Mapeto a August - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa September: ndizotheka kubzala mu greenhouses, kale kale amadzimasula okha ku tomato, tsabola ndi nkhaka. Tsiku lowala limachepa, kotero palibe chifukwa cha filimu yakuda.
Radishi imamera pa kutentha kwa ... -2 ° C. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi 15- + 18 ° С. Ngati kutentha ndi kotsika kwambiri komanso kulibenso kuunika kokwanira, ndiye kuti kuwonjezeka kwa masamba sikungapeweke, masamba a mizu adzakhala ovuta. Mphukira imatha kupirira chisanu mpaka -4 ° C.
Tiyeneranso kumvetsetsa kuti ngati mbande zimakhalabe ndizing'ono zowonjezera kutentha, mwazinthu zina, nthawi yofiira, izi sizikutanthauza kuti radish ikukula panthawiyi.
Kuzizira kuzizira, radish mu kukula kwake imaletsedwa - "imakhala ndikudikirira kutentha". Pogwirizana ndi izi, chikhalidwe ichi chimakula nthawi zambiri m'mabotchi kapena pansi pa filimu. Kupeza zotsatira zodziwika muzochitika zotero ndizoona zenizeni.
Zomera za chilimwe zimayaka kwa masiku pafupifupi 20. Malingana ndi mtundu wa fetal kucha, nthawi yosiyana ya luso lakusasitsa. Nthawi zambiri amatha kuwombera.
Nkhuni ina yotchedwa cruciferous ndi vuto lina pa kulima kwa chilimwe. Dothi limakhala dothi, zosavuta kuti izi zichitike. Mukhozanso kusunga mbeu pansi pa lutralis.
Chiwembu chodzala mbewu: kuwerengera mtunda woyenera wa zokolola zabwino
Chiwembu chabwino chofesa radish chikhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi 10x2 centimita. Pakutha kwa gawo la masamba a cotyledon, mbande zikhoza kuchepetsedwa mpaka mtunda wa masentimita asanu.
Komabe, chidziwitso chimasonyeza kuti radishes yofesedwa mbewu imodzi imakula mofulumira, ndipo mwinamwake kuti chomeracho chimasula chingwe chochepa kusiyana ndi kuikapo kosiyana.
Ngati mumatsatira ndondomeko yofesa radish, ndiye kuti m'tsogolo mbewuyo idzayamba bwino, masamba adzatha kutenga malo osasuntha.
Ndi owopsa kufesa mozama - muzu mbewu sizingayambe. Njira yabwino ikhoza kuganiziridwa kuti imamera mbeu 10 mamita pafupifupi 15 magalamu. Taganizirani izi: Mbeu 1000 zimapitirira magalamu 7-10. Kulima kumapitirira kwa zaka zisanu.
Zosangalatsa! Mpaka posachedwa, kunali chizoloŵezi kuganiza kuti mitundu ija yomwe mizu yokolola imapirilira kuzungulira pang'onopang'ono. Pamaso pa mphukira zowonongeka, nthawi zambiri ankalimbikitsa kuti muwabzala. Chimene sichinatchulidwe pa mitundu ndi mizu yaitali.
Mu mitundu iyi, patsiku lopatsikira, gawo lalikulu likutengedwa ndi mizu, yomwe yawonongeka. Chotsatira chake, mizu yovuta, yopotoka, yopotoka. Ndi kwa inu kuti mukulitse radishes kuchokera ku mbande kapena mwamsanga kutsatira ndondomeko yoyenera kufesa, koma musanasankhe zochita, yesani phindu ndi kuipa kwa njira ziwirizo.
Ndikondweretsanso kuwerenga za ulimi wa atitchoku.
Kukumba mwakuya, ndipo zotsatira zake ndi zochepa: kuya kwa kuya
Pa nthawi iliyonse ya chaka chisanafike kufesa mbeu za radish grooves ziyenera kukhetsedwa. Kuzama sikuyenera kupitirira 1 sentimita imodzi. Pambuyo pake, grooves ayenera kudzazidwa ndi lotayirira lapansi.
Ngati njira yofesa ikuyendetsedwa ndi makonzedwewa, idzakhala nthawi yambiri. Ikhoza kuthamanga ndipo motero imakhala yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito riboni mutabzala. Mukhoza kudzipanga nokha, kapena mungagule.
Chisamaliro choyenera cha radishes ndi lonjezo la kukolola kwakukulu.
Kusamalira Radishi ndi kochepa - kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku, makamaka nyengo yotentha. Ngati mukuyesera kukula radishes popanda chinyezi, ndiye mukhoza kutsimikiza kuti mudzalephera. Zokwanira kugwira radish popanda chinyezi kwa masiku angapo, ndipo izi zidzawongolera chitukuko chosadziwika.
Chizindikiro chotsimikizirika kuti radish chinakula ndi kusowa kwa chinyezi ndiko kuuma ndi kupsya mtima kwa muzu mbewu, muzu wa mbewu ndi wovuta komanso wopanda pake, ndipo chomera chimathamanga. Makamaka chofuna radish kuti madzi okwanira nthawi zonse pambuyo pa tsamba lino, chifukwa ndi nthawi ino yomwe mizu ikuyamba kupanga.
Radishi samakula popanda chinyezi. Koma, ndipo musapitirize kuthirira ndi kuthirira, chifukwa kumwa madzi kungachititse kuti muzuke. Zimalangizidwa kusintha mafupipafupi a ulimi wothirira ku mpweya kutentha, ngati nyengo ikuwotha - iyenera kuthiriridwa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Radish chikhalidwe ndi wachikondi. Koma, ngati chodzala chachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika, ndiye kuti mutha kubzala mthunzi mwa mitengo, mpaka masambawo atali pachimake.
Amaluwa ena ku ntchito yosamalira ndi kumasula nthaka, komanso kuchotsa namsongole. Koma, sitingakulangizeni kuti muchite izi kuti musamawononge mzuwo, womwe umakhala pafupi pamwamba.
Ndipo ngati munabzalidwa kubzala pansi popanda namsongole, ndiye mpaka radish ikukula (masiku 25-30) ndi namsongole, bedi la munda ndi kufesa silidzadutsa nthawi.
Zimalangizidwa kufesa radishes pa nthaka ya umuna. Ngati mumaphunzira kusukulu, mumakumbukira kuti pafupifupi masamba onse a mizu "amakonda" feteleza a potashi.
Garden radish ndizosiyana. Kudyetsa, ngati pali chofunikira chotero, chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuchokera mndandanda womwewo. Urea ayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi kuwerengera kwa magalamu 10 pa chidebe cha madzi.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, njira zothandizira kwambiri
Tizilombo timakonda alendo a masamba. Amakhalanso ndi ma radishes, ndipo akhoza kukhala: cruciferous nthuchi njuchi, slugs, bareworms, mafosholo, munda earwig, udzu wamunda, midge.
Mwa njirayi, nthatayo "sichitsitsa" masamba amvula, kudikira kuti iume. Amakwiya makamaka nyengo yotentha. Chinthu chachikulu kuti mupulumutse mphukira zazing'ono kuchokera ku ntchentche yotchedwa cruciferous. Ndiye, pamene masamba akukula, ndipo nthata idzakhala yochepa kwambiri, simungathe kudandaula - ilibe nthawi yokhala pansi.
Njira zothandizira kwambiri zowononga tizilombo ndizochilendo. Mukhoza kuteteza radish chikhalidwe chanu kwa tizirombo tambiri poyambitsa bedi la fodya fumbi kapena phulusa, kapena adyo kulowetsedwa. Mukhozanso kutenga mnansi wabwino wa radish yanu, iye amasamalira chitetezo chabwino.
Kukolola ndi kusungirako bwino
Mbewuyo imachotsedwa posankha, poyamba mizu yomwe yakhazikitsidwa kale imakololedwa, ndipo zina zonse zimakula kuti zikhale zosavuta. Mbewu yachitsulo iyenera kukololedwa ukafika kukula kwake. Kawirikawiri izi zimachitika mu njira 2-3 pamtunda wa masiku 4-5.
Radishi yasungidwa bwino. Kodi izo zimasunga izo mu firiji kapena m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba. Kuti muchite izi, ndizofunika kupukuta mizu mu thumba la pulasitiki kuti lisataye.
Chofunika choyang'anira chisamaliro ndicho kudula nsongazo. Radishes ndi nsonga zosawerengeka zasungidwa kwa masiku owerengeka okha.
Mitengo yochepa yochedwa yozukira masamba imatha kukhala m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kwa nthawi yaitali (mpaka miyezi inayi) popanda kutaya khalidwe.
Ngati mizu isanatsuke, ndiye kuti radish pansi akhoza kukhala ndi zaka ziwiri. Amayankhula za chisanu chotsutsa cha chikhalidwe ichi. Koma musachotse mizu, koma m'malo mosiyana ndi omwe amalima mbewu zawo.
Radishi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mungu wochokera ku mungu, koma palinso mavitamini. Maluwawa amasonkhanitsidwa bwino, ndipo mtundu umatengera kwathunthu pa zosiyana: zoyera, pinki, zofiira, zofiirira, zofiirira, lilac. Nkhumba, ngati onse opachika, ziri pamtunda.
Pokumbukira kuti mlimi aliyense wachiwiri, wokhala ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kwambiri, akuyesera kukula radishes, timakhulupirira kwambiri kuti nsonga zonse zomwe takambiranazi zidzakuthandizani, komanso kukuthandizani kotsekemera. Ndipo cholembera ichi cha kucha chidzatsegulira nyengo ya kuchuluka kwa masamba obiriwira kwambiri.
