Kuyambira kale, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito phulusa la nkhuni ngati feteleza. Phulusa sikuti imangomanga, koma imamanganso nthaka. Kugwiritsira ntchito phulusa mu horticulture nthawi imodzi kumapanga zonse zomangidwe ndi makina a nthaka. Phulusa imakhala ndi katundu wothandizira kuchepetsa asidi, kuthamangitsa kucha kwa kompositi ndikumasula nthaka. Nthaka yokhala ndi feteleza komanso yokonzedwa ndi phulusa ndi malo abwino kwambiri chifukwa cha ntchito yofunikira ya nthaka tizilombo, makamaka mabakiteriya okonzekera nayitrogeni.
Ndikofunikira! Phulusa iyenera kusungidwa pamalo ouma. Mthunzi umapweteka feteleza uwu - umataya zinthu, potaziyamu. Ngati mutanyamula phulusa mumapulasitiki omwe salola kulowetsa kwa chinyezi, akhoza kusungidwa kwa zaka zingapo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, phulusa limakhalabe ndi katundu.
Kodi ndi phindu lanji pa phulusa?
Phulusa la nkhuni monga feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha mankhwala opangidwa ndi opindulitsa. Lili ndi calcium, magnesium, sodium, potaziyamu ndi zinthu zina zomwe zili zofunika pa chitukuko ndi kukula kwa zomera.
Mankhwala opangidwa ndi phulusawa ndi osiyana, chifukwa zimadalira chomera choyaka, chomwe chimachokera. Nsonga za mbatata, mipesa, udzu udzu pamphuno wawo uli ndi 40% potaziyamu. Phulusa lachitsulo liri ndi mawonekedwe osiyana, okhala ndi calcium kutsogolera. Conifers ali ndi phosphorous wochuluka - mpaka 7 peresenti.
Kupangidwa kwa phulusa kumaphatikizapo zowonjezera makumi asanu ndi awiri ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu ndi 30 zofotokozera zinthu. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mulibe chlorine, yomwe imathandiza kuti zizitsuka zomwe sizikulekerera. Chinthu chokha chomwe zomera zimasowa ndipo sizikuchitika phulusa ndi nayitrogeni. Zonse zomwe zili mu feteleza ichi zimakhala mu mawonekedwe omwe amayenera kwambiri kuyamwa mbewu.
Kodi ndi dothi liti limene phulusa lingagwiritsidwe ntchito?
Phulusa lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa dothi losiyana. Chifukwa cha zinthu zake, zimapangitsanso khalidwe lake, zimapereka ntchito yoyenera.
Phulusa imatha kumasula yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa nthaka yolemerera. Mwa kubweretsa phulusa m'nthaka mu kugwa, mungathe kukhala omasuka. Kuwerengera kwa ndalamazo kumachokera ku acidity ya nthaka ndi zomera zomwe zikuyenera kukula pa izo. Kwa mamita 1, 100 mpaka 800 g wa phulusa akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Nthaka yachinyontho yokhala ndi mchenga nthawi zambiri imamera ndi phulusa m'chaka. Izi zimachitidwa kuti zakudya zisafike pansi kwambiri ndi madzi otungunuka. Kutsekemera kwa phulusa mu dothi la mchenga kulibwino makamaka kwa khalidwe lawo.
Phulusa limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti lisamalitse dothi losavuta, lopindulitsa ndi kuthandizira mvula, marsh-podzolic ndi dothi lakuda dothi. Pokha mu saline nthaka sali woyenera kupanga phulusa.
Mukudziwa? Pambuyo pa kuyaka, zomera zosiyanasiyana zimapanga mankhwala osiyanasiyana phulusa. Potaziyamu nthawi zambiri muli phulusa la zomera: mpendadzuwa mapesi-mpaka 40% buckwheat-mpaka 35%, nettle - 32%, tirigu-20%. Phulusa la peat lili ndi potaziyamu pang'ono ndi phosphorous, koma calcium yambiri. Palinso kashiamu wambiri mu phulusa la msondodzi ndi popula - mpaka 43%, ndi birch - 30%.
Ndi zomera zotani zomwe zingamangidwe ndi phulusa
Kwa zomera zambiri, phulusa ndi malo osungira zinthu zomwe zimayenera kuti zikule bwino.
Phulusa limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti limere mitengo, masamba, maluwa.
Ndi mtundu wanji wa ndiwo zamasamba phulusa:
- mbatata;
- tomato, tsabola, biringanya;
- nkhaka, sikwashi, zukini;
- anyezi, yozizira adyo;
- kabichi wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana;
- kaloti, parsley, beets, radishes;
- nandolo, nyemba, katsabola, saladi.
Kuwonjezera pa fetereza masamba, phulusa la maluwa ndipindulitsanso. Maluwa obiriwira nthawi zambiri amayenera kupindula ndi mchere, omwe ali okwanira mu phulusa. Mukhoza kumera ndi phulusa ndi maluwa a maluwa - gladioli, asters, begonia, basamu.Kwa mitengo, zida za phulusa zimabweretsa madalitso ambiri. Kuti umere mitengo, phulusa losakanizika ndi zowonjezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mukudziwa? Kutsekemera kwa phulusa muzitsamba zapafupi ndi kuyala makungwa a yamatcheri ndi plums kumakhudza kwambiri zomera zimenezi. Zokwanira kuti apange chovala chapamwamba kamodzi muzaka 3-4. Kuti agwetse phulusa pansi pa mitengo, grooves amapangidwa kuzungulira kuzungulira kwa korona, momwe phulusa yankho limatsanulira kapena phulusa limatsanulidwa. Pambuyo pake, groove, yomwe ili pafupi masentimita 10, ili ndi dziko lapansi.
Ntchito ya phulusa
Phulusa ndi feteleza yothandiza kwambiri, koma ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito limodzi ndi humus, kompositi, manyowa ndi peat, mukhoza kuwonjezera kukolola kwake. Ubwino wa feteleza uwu ukhoza kutengedwa pazigawo zosiyana za moyo wa zomera - pokonzekera nthaka yobzala, kukonzekera mbewu, kubzala zomera, ndi kudyetsa.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Musanabzala zomera zambiri, zimathandiza kubweretsa phulusa pansi. Pa kukumba musanadzalemo mbatata mupange 1 chikho cha phulusa pa 1 m². Zomwezo zimafunika kwa nkhaka, sikwashi, zukini. Kukonzekera nthaka ya tomato, tsabola ndi eggplants kupanga makapu 3 a phulusa pa 1 m².
Musanabzala kabichi kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mungafunike 1-2 magalasi a phulusa pa 1 m². Kaloti, parsley beets ndi radishes m'deralo zimafuna 1 chikho cha phulusa, komanso nandolo, nyemba, radishes, letesi ndi katsabola.
Pakuti yozizira kukumba, asanadzalemo anyezi ndi yozizira adyo, kuwonjezera 1 chikho cha phulusa pa m².
Kukonzekera Mbewu
Asanafese mbewu za zomera zosiyana, amatha kusinthidwa ndi ma microelements. Zolemeretsa za mbewu zinthu zofalikira pamaso kufesa nandolo, tomato, lokoma tsabola, kaloti. Kusokoneza uku kumafulumizitsa kukolola kwa mbeu, kumawonjezera.
Asanafese, mbewu zimatengedwa ndi phulusa kwa maola 12-24. Amadzipukutira ndi kuchuluka kwa 20 g mu madzi okwanira 1, ndipo amaumirira masiku 1-2, ndiye mbewuzo zimagwedezeka mu njirayi kwa maola 6.
Kubzala zomera
Mukadzala zomera zingagwiritsenso ntchito phulusa. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zowaza phulusa pa mbande. Phulusa wagona m'zitsime musanadzale muyeso wa 1-3 tbsp. makapu. Mukamabzala zitsamba, mungagwiritse ntchito galasi la feteleza, ndipo mitengo ndi tchire lalikulu zimagwiritsa ntchito makilogalamu 1-2 a phulusa mu dzenje limodzi.
Mukamabzala zomera, zimalimbikitsidwa kusakaniza phulusa ndi nthaka, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuti zitha kuonjezera mizu ya mtsogolo. Komanso kusakaniza phulusa ndi dothi kumathandiza kuti zomera zisatenthedwe.
Kudya zakudya
Zomera zakula ndikukula zimapatsidwa kuti zikhale bwino. Kupaka pamwamba kungapangidwe ndi phulusa mu mawonekedwe osiyana.
Kudyetsa strawberries ndi phulusa, muyenera kumasula dothi lowazidwa ndi phulusa pa mlingo wa 2 makapu a phulusa pa 1 m². M'chaka chachiwiri cha moyo wa chomera, chakudya choterocho chidzakhala chothandiza kwambiri. Njira zowonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera strawberries, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nyengo zosiyanasiyana.
Mbatata imadyidwanso ndi phulusa - pamtunda woyamba, 1-2 st. makapu phulusa. Pamene siteji ikuyambira, dziko lapansi lachiwiri likuchitika, pomwe mukhoza kuwonjezera theka la phulusa ku chitsamba chilichonse.
Kuvala chikondwerero cha adyo ndi anyezi okhala ndi nthaka kumapanga 1 galasi la feteleza pa 1 m².
Phulusa ndi kudya bwino kwa zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, mitengo. Kwachidule, zotsatira za feteleza zimatha zaka 4.
Ndikofunikira! Kugwiritsa ntchito mapulusa kuti mudye zomera, musaiwale za thanzi lanu. Ndikofunika kutsatira malamulo otetezeka omwe amafuna chitetezo cha maso ndi ziwalo za kupuma kuchokera ku fumbi-monga particles, zomwe zingalowerere mopitirira.
Phulusa silingagwiritsidwe ntchito
Ngakhalenso feteleza zokhazikika zimatsutsana. Phulusa la nthaka lisagwiritsidwe ntchito pamodzi ndi zitosi za mbalame, manyowa (amalimbikitsa kutaya kwa nayitrogeni), superphosphate, nayitrogeni mchere feteleza (amachititsa kuti ammonia ikamasulidwe ndi kuwononga zomera). Phulusa la dothi la alkaline ndi PH kuchokera pa 7 silimagwiranso ntchito.
Phulusa liyenera kusakanikirana ndi dothi ndikupewa kukhudzana ndi mizu ya mbewu. Chifukwa chakuti phulusa lili ndi mchere umene suli othandizira achinyamata mphukira, sikutheka kumera mbande ndi izo mpaka masamba 3 akuwonekera.
Pali zomera zomwe zimakonda nthaka yosalala - fern, magnolia, camellia, azalea, hydrangea, buluu, mpiru, dzungu, sorelo, nyemba ndi zina. Iwo sayenera kukhala ndi feteleza ndi phulusa, chifukwa amachepetsa acidity ya nthaka.
Kuchuluka kwa phulusa, komwe kwenikweni, kumakhala kosavuta, kungayambitse kufa kwa mabakiteriya, nthaka ndi mphukira zina zopindulitsa za nyama zakutchire. Kubwezeretsa kwa anthu omwe ali ochepa pansi kumakhala kochepetsetsa komanso kovuta, choncho musagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa molakwika.
Phulusa ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Kuteteza tizirombo pogwiritsidwa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa popopera mbewu. Chinsinsi cha izi ndi: kutsanulira 300 g ya phulusa losamba ndi madzi otentha ndi wiritsani kwa mphindi 20-30. The resulting decoction ayenera anasiyidwa kuthetsa, ndiye mavuto ndi kuwonjezera madzi kuti 10 malita a kulowetsedwa. Mu kulowetsedwa uku kuwonjezera 40-50 g sopo. Chifukwa cha phulusa la phulusa limalimbikitsidwa kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito madzulo madzulo. Zotsatira zake zimathandiza kuchotsa mtengo wa apulo-mottle, kachilomboka ka mbatata ya Colorado, mphukira, mphutsi ndi njenjete.
Kuwonjezera pa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, mukhoza kutulutsa zomera kuchokera ku tizirombo. Njirayi idzakhala yopewera ndi kuchiza matenda ndikuchotsa mphutsi za Colorado mbatata kachilomboka, cruciferous utitiri.
Phulusa losakanizika limagwilitsila nchito nthano za nyerere za m'munda, nkhono ndi slugs.
Phulusa lomwe limalowa m'nthaka limapindulitsa kukula kwa mbewu kwa zaka zambiri. Mitengo yanu yamaluwa idzasangalala kulandira feteleza.
